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Astrophysics

The large galaxy at the front of the image is LEDA 2046648, and it looks just over a billion years back in time, while most of the others are even further away, and therefore look further back in time. Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Martel

Looking into the past: how James Webb is rewriting our understanding of ancient galaxies

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Artist illustration of ultra-high energy cosmic ray astronomy to clarify very energetic phenomena in contrast to weaker cosmic rays affected by electromagnetic fields. Credit: Osaka Metropolitan University/Kyoto University/Ryuunosuke Takeshige

Not science fiction: an unknown particle with very high energy hit the Earth

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The cosmic ray detector that includes 507 ground scintillator stations, covering an extensive detection area of ​​700 square kilometers in Utah, USA. On May 27, 2023, scientists discovered a particle with an enormous energy level of 244 EeV.
The image shows a deep image of the Pandora galaxy cluster, or Abell 2744, using data from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope. Following the image, an international team led by Penn State University researchers confirmed the distance of these ancient galaxies and inferred their properties using new spectroscopic data James B. Telescope - Information on light emitted across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. About 33 billion light-years away, these particularly distant galaxies provide insights into how primordial galaxies could have formed. The image shows a deep snapshot of the Pandora galaxy cluster, or Abell 2744 , using data from NASA's James B. Space Telescope. Following the image, an international team led by researchers from Penn State University confirmed the distance of these ancient galaxies and inferred their properties using new spectroscopic data from the James telescope and information about light emitted across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. About 33 billion light-years away, these particularly distant galaxies provide insights into how primordial galaxies could have formed. Cluster image: NASA, UNCOVER (Bezanson et al., DIO: 10.48550/arXiv.2212.04026) Insets: NASA, UNCOVER (Wang et al., 2023) Composition: Dani Zemba/Penn State

The Webb Space Telescope Discovered Galaxies 33 Billion Light Years Away That Challenge Astronomical Theories

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Unlike other distant galaxies that have been discovered, which appear as small red dots, the two new galaxies are large and have an unusual appearance - one resembling a peanut and the other a fluffy ball, indicating the diversity of galaxies in the early universe. According to the speed and direction of their distance, today they are beyond our line of sight
This image is from Gaia's third data release in 2022. The image above is from the new data release, and shows exactly how many new sources have been imaged at the center of the cluster. Only faint stars within Omega Centauri are marked in both images.

Gaia's Galactic Gold Mine: Star Clusters, Cosmic Lenses, Asteroids, and Unexpected Science

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The European Space Agency's Gaia mission discovered over half a million new stars, tagged 150,000 asteroids, and identified 380 cosmic lenses. These discoveries advance our understanding of the universe, setting the stage for the expected release of Gaia DR4 data in 2025
objects in the universe. Illustration: depositphotos.com

From the Big Bang to the Big Picture: A New Comprehensive Look at All Objects in the Universe

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Researchers from the Australian National University have developed a model that is the most comprehensive view of the history of the universe. The study highlights the change that the universe underwent from the moment of its formation 13.8 billion years ago to its current state, full of objects such as protons, atoms and galaxies
Gamma ray burst (Image Credit: NASA/Swift/Mary Pat Hrybyk-Keith and John Jones via NASA)

Elements essential to life were created following a massive explosion in space

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Conceptual diagram of this study. Signals from supernovae (close-up lower right), quasars (close-up middle left), and gamma-ray bursts (close-up top center) reach Earth in the Milky Way galaxy (background), where we can use them to measure cosmological parameters. Credit: NAOJ

Rewriting the past and future of the universe - new research sheds light on the fate of our cosmos

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New research has improved the accuracy of the parameters that control the expansion of the universe. More precise parameters will help astronomers determine how the universe grew to its current state, and how it will evolve in the future.
Photograph of the Earth and the Moon by the Galileo spacecraft. Photo: NASA

Carl Sagan discovered life on Earth 30 years ago - how his experiment helps us look for alien species today

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It has been 30 years since a group of scientists led by Carl Sagan found evidence of life on Earth using data from instruments aboard NASA's Galileo space probe and only combining instruments while ignoring existing knowledge made this possible
A multi-wavelength view of the surroundings of the supermassive black hole SgrA* (yellow X). In the red of the stars, in the blue of the dust. Many of the young stars are hidden by the dust or absorbed by the bright stars. Credit: Florian Peissker / University of Cologne

Stellar surprise: a fountain of youth at the center of our galaxy "should be impossible".

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Researchers have found that the star cluster IRS13 near the supermassive black hole SagittariusA* at the center of our galaxy is much younger than predicted
Harvard astronomers claim that the Milky Way's warped shape is due to an unbalanced halo of dark matter. This claim supports theories of a previous galactic collision and provides insights into the nature of dark matter. Credit: Stefan Payne-Wardenaar; Magellanic Clouds: Robert Gendler/ESO

Dark matter and galactic collisions: Harvard astronomers explain the mysterious curvature of the Milky Way

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The cause of this is a distorted dark matter halo
An artist's rendering of the planet 8 Ursae Minoris b - also known as "The Goddess" - within the debris field after a violent merger of two stars. The planet may have survived the merger, but it is also possible that it is an entirely new planet formed from the fragments. Illustration: Kek Observatory/Adam Makarenko

A large planet surprisingly orbits a star that was supposed to destroy it

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The TESS space telescope discovered a planet that survived a merger between two stars as the merged star swelled to become a red giant
Prof. Zvi Piren. Photo: Noam Chai

For the first time, Israeli researchers will participate in a black hole and neutron star research group

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Professor Zvi Piren, the holder of the Schwartzman Chair at the Rakah Institute of Physics at the Hebrew University and Professor Amir Levinson from Tel Aviv University will take part in a research group of the prestigious Simmons Foundation as part of an international cooperation in mathematics and physical sciences for the study of neutron stars and black holes
In Ellipse: The Dark Age of the Universe. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Radio waves from the moon will shed light on the early universe

About 50 million years after the big bang, we will be able to measure the evolution of the universe and its composition by measuring radio waves from the moon
Optical image of the galaxy where the new event occurred, from PanSTARRS archive data. The x-ray itself is somewhere inside the white circle, and is about the size of a pinhead from 100 meters away. Also shown is the location of a two-year-old supernova. Credit: Daniele B. Malesani / PanSTARRS

Stellar feast: A ferocious black hole "drinks" the equivalent of three Earths from a star every time it passes

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A Sun-like star located in a galaxy roughly 500 million light-years away is being gradually devoured by a black hole, shedding a mass equal to three Earths on each close pass.
Webb's close-up, high-resolution ESA view of Herbig-Haro 211 reveals exquisite details of the young star's jet. Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA, CSA, Tom Ray (Dublin)

Webb photographed supersonic jets from a star of his day

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Herbig-harrows are luminous regions surrounding young stars. They form when stellar winds or jets of gas ejected from these stars create shock waves that collide at high speeds with nearby gas and dust.

The beginning of the universe in the eyes of science

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A special article in honor of Hebrew new year summarizing the creation of the world through the lens of science
Astronomers think that GRB 221009A is the birth of a newly formed black hole in the heart of a collapsing star. In this figure the black hole creates strong jets of particles that move at a speed close to the speed of light. The jets penetrate through the star, emitting X-rays and gamma rays as they flow into space. Credit: NASA/Swift/Cruz deWilde

Cosmic extremism: The unusual structure of the jet of the brightest gamma-ray burst of all time

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The unusual jet structure reveals unique features of the relatively nearby gamma-ray burst that can be studied in better detail than the gamma-wave bursts discovered so far
Charisma, seen in this artist rendering, is an X-ray mission that will study some of the most energetic objects in the universe. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab

פענוח קשת עלעים הקוסמיט: מקר תשגר יפן את הלואינים קריזמן את התעלומה אתירות האנגריט של היךום

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A new spacecraft called XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission, pronounced "charism") is designed to separate high-energy light into the equivalent of an X-ray rainbow
The Webb Space Telescope photographed the Ring Nebula. On the left using the NIRCam camera and on the right using MIRI. Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA, CSA, M. Barlow, N. Cox, R. Wesson

ווב לוקד את יופייה המפורט של ערפילית הנגעת

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The Ring Nebula, formed by a star shedding its outer layers, is a classic example of a planetary nebula and is also relatively close to us.
A massive magnetic helium star, on its way to becoming a magnetizer. Figure: ESO

A new type of star has been discovered: a massive magnetic helium star

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Astronomers at the European Southern Observatory discovered that the star HD 45166 is a neutron star about to become a megastar
Two nearly symmetrical swirling loops of gas and dust mark the dying flickers of an ancient red giant star. Credit: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA, TA Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF's NOIRLab), J. Miller (Gemini Observatory/NSF's NOIRLab), M. Rodriguez (Gemini Observatory/NSF's NOIRLab), M. Zamani ( NSF's NOIRLab)

An overflowing cosmic "urn" - telescope captures the spectacular end-of-life display of a red giant

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This end-of-life phase of red giant stars is relatively short, and the celestial structures that form around them are rare, so the Tobi Pitcher Nebula is an excellent example of a case study in the evolution of a star
Different types of stars. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Hotter than the sun: an extremely hot brown dwarf has been discovered about 1,400 light years away from us

The brown dwarf is part of a new pair system that may advance our understanding of the evolution of stars and planets under extreme radiation conditions
An artist's rendering of a collection of pulsars detecting gravitational waves from pairs of orbiting supermassive black holes. Credit: Aurore Simonnet for the NANOGrav Collaboration

Proof that the Earth is surrounded by a sea of ​​slow gravitational waves

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"The effect of gravitational waves on pulsars is very weak and difficult to detect, but we built the credibility of the findings over time as we collected more data," said Caterina Cazziano, NANOGrav team member and senior lecturer at Caltech.
Artist's impression of GRB 211211A. Credit: Soheb Mandhai @TheAstroPhoenix

Cosmic Gold Factory: A single kilonova produced very heavy elements in the amount of a thousand times the mass of Earth

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A highly unusual burst of high-energy light from a nearby galaxy is linked by scientists to a neutron star merger
Scientists say that stray planets, which wander through space when not bound to stars, far outnumber planets orbiting stars. Credit: NASA

Cosmic nomads: Roman space telescope could find 400 stray Earth-mass planets

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NASA's Nancy Grace Roman space telescope, which will be launched in May 2027, will be able to find an astonishing number of 400 Earth-mass stray worlds. Indeed, in the new study, one such candidate has already been identified
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