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Astrophysics

An amusing representation of the TOI-1136 system if each of the bodies in the system were a duck or a duckling. Credit: Rae Holcomb/University of California at Irvine

The evolution of planets is revealed in a distant solar system

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A newly discovered solar system with six confirmed extrasolar planets and a possible seventh increases astronomers' knowledge of star formation and evolution
Simulations of the unbalanced galaxy and dark matter dynamics. The image represents the galaxy, surrounded by dark matter particles, with an excess dense region behind it, regions in the background that symbolize empty and dense regions in the universe, and signs of the movement of the galaxy and the effect of dynamic friction. The image was prepared with the help of artificial intelligence for the purpose of illustration and should not be seen as a scientific image

Cracking the secrets of dark matter using warped galaxies

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Researchers measure the speed and mass of dark matter by studying warped galaxies affected by dynamic friction caused by dark matter
19 spiral galaxies imaged by the Webb Space Telescope. Courtesy of the European Space Agency and NASA

Web shows amazing structures in 19 nearby spiral galaxies

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These are relatively close galaxies that face the Earth. The research reveals new details about the way galaxies are formed
In this image, the complex dust lanes of the galaxy are a spectacular sight. NGC 4753 is about 60 million light years away in the constellation Virgo. Photo by ESO's Gemini South Telescope in Chile

Gemini South Observatory images NGC 4753's spiral dust disk, the result of a galaxy merger

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NGC 4753 was discovered in 1784 by astronomer William Herschel and has some fascinating features. In this image, the complex dust lanes of the galaxy are a spectacular sight. NGC 4753 is about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo
Galaxies that are pulled into a giant galaxy cluster. When entering the group, these galaxies show a blue shift compared to the central galaxy. Credit: Dr. Shihong Liu

"Challenges of the age of the universe: Galactic dance reveals that the universe may be younger than thought

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Motions of satellite galaxies around groups and clusters of giant galaxies could provide valuable insights into their evolution. The observations of such motion provide crucial clues about the age of the universe
A dramatic scene in space with a black hole in the center. Around the black hole is a chaotic and dynamic environment, with bright stars. Prepared using artificial intelligence software for illustrative purposes and should not be considered a scientific image

Cracking the code: how intermediate-mass black holes form

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Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) are a cosmic enigma, their very existence and mechanisms of formation shrouded in mystery
long image captionThis is part of the Evolution of the Universe Early Science Survey (CEERS), consisting of several near-infrared points from the NIRCam (Near Infrared Camera) camera on the James Webb Space Telescope. These observations are being made in the same region studied by the Hubble Space Telescope, known as the Extended Groth Belt. Arrows showing the directions north and east show the direction of the image in the sky. It should be noted that the relationship between north and east in the sky (as seen from below) is reversed compared to the half directions on the map of the earth (as seen from above). The image shows invisible near-infrared wavelengths converted to visible colors. The color key shows which NIRCam filters were used to collect the light. The name color of each filter is the visible color that represents the infrared light passing through that filter. The barrel ruler is marked with arc-seconds which are a measure of angular distance in the sky. One arc-second is equal to an angular measurement of 1/3600 of one degree. There are 60 arc-minutes in a degree and 60 arc-seconds in an arc-minute. (The full moon has an angular diameter of about 30 arc-minutes.) The actual size of an object that covers one arc-second in the sky depends on its distance from the telescope. Credit: NASA, European Space Agency (ESA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), Steve Finkelstein (University of Texas at Austin)

The James Webb telescope reveals: galaxies in the early universe have a long and flat shape

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The first galaxies were much less developed than the spiral and spherical galaxies that exist today, which are actually the result of mergers, both because of the stage of development but also because of the conditions that prevailed at the time
This image from Webb's MIRI (mid-infrared) camera shows the star system Beta Pictoris. A flat disk of dust fragments, formed by collisions between planetesimals (orange), dominates the landscape and is called the "main disk plane". In the lower left corner, Webb showed the true extent of the secondary disk (cyan (turquoise), which is inclined 5 degrees relative to the primary disk. Webb also discovered a previously unseen feature called the "cat's tail." A coronagraph (a black circle and two small disks) was used to block The light of the central star. Scale bar shows that the disks of Beta Peak (pictoris) span hundreds of astronomical units (AU), where one AU is the average distance from Earth to the Sun. (In our solar system, Neptune orbits the Sun at a distance of 30 AU) in this image , light at a wavelength of 15.5 microns is shown in cyan (turquoise) and 23 microns in orange (F1550C and F2300C filters, respectively). Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STSCI, C. STARK and K. LAWSON (NASA GSFC), J. KAMMERER (ESO), and M. PERRIN (STSCI).

The Webb Space Telescope discovered a 'cat's tail' made of dust in the Beta Pictoris system

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Beta Pictoris is a solar system in the making and relatively close so that the gas disks can be seen. It turns out that Webb was able to discover a structure that was not noticed in photographs with less sensitive instruments, thus he discovered a disk of gas tilted from our main disk and because of our vantage point it looks like a cat's tail
Merging galaxies create the most powerful radio burst ever discovered. The image was prepared using Dali (artificial intelligence) and should not be considered a scientific image

The Hubble Space Telescope reveals the origin of the most powerful radio burst ever recorded

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"Astronomers discover that the fastest radio burst ever observed came not from a single galaxy, but from a group of merging galaxies"
An example of a supernova detected by the Dark Energy Survey within the field covered by one of the few detectors in the Dark Energy Camera. The supernova exploded in a spiral galaxy with redshift = 0.04528, which corresponds to a light travel time of about 0.6 billion years. For comparison, the quasar on the right has a redshift of 3.979 and a light travel time of 11.5 billion years. Credit DES Collaboration/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/M.

The Dark Energy Survey publishes final results from the largest, in-depth and uniform sample of supernovae

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Among the observations of about two million distant galaxies, the researchers found several thousand supernovae, and this is the largest and deepest sample of supernovae ever obtained with a single telescope. The scientists then used advanced machine learning techniques to help classify the supernovae
Hubble Space Telescope image showing the spiral galaxies NGC 1356, LEDA 467699, LEDA 95415, and IC 1947. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. Dalcanton, Dark Energy Survey/DOE/FNAL/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA, image credit : L. Shatz

The Great Galactic Illusion: Revealing the Real Distances in Space

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The two-dimensional reflection of the galaxies in the night sky does not say much about the real distances between the galaxies and between them and the Earth
Artist's rendering of the planet WASP-121 b showing distinct climate patterns. Image: NASA/ESA

Hubble observes changes in the atmosphere of a planet outside the solar system

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An international team of astronomers compiled and reprocessed observations of the extrasolar planet WASP‑121 b collected by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2016, 2018 and 2019 and noticed weather patterns on its surface. It is a hot Jupiter-type planet - that is, on the order of Jupiter but very close to its sun
Artist's impression of the different layers inside a massive neutron star, with the red circle representing a large quark-matter core. Credit Jyrki Hokkanen, CSC

More evidence for quarks at the centers of massive neutron stars

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A new theoretical analysis puts the probability that massive neutron stars harbor non-configurational quark nuclei between 80 and 90 percent. The result was achieved through massive computer runs using Bayesian statistical inference.
This image, showing an elliptical galaxy (left) and a spiral galaxy (right) includes nearby AA light from the James Webb Space Telescope and UV light seen from the Hubble Space Telescope. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Rogier Windhorst (ASU), William Keel ( University of Alabama), Stuart Wyithe (University of Melbourne), JWST PEARLS Team, Alyssa Pagan (STScI)

Explanation of a strange cosmic phenomenon: astrophysicists discovered why there are no spiral galaxies in our supergalactic plane

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Astrophysicists have discovered why spiral galaxies like our Milky Way are rare in the supergalactic plane, a dense region of our local universe
Research shows that giant gas planets in other star systems often prevent the habitability of neighboring Earth-like planets by disrupting orbits and climates. An artist's rendering of an exoplanet system full of giant planets. Credit: NASA/Dana Berry

Chaos rules the cosmos: How giant gas planets threaten life on nearby Earth-like worlds

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Jupiter, the largest planet by far in our solar system, plays an important protective role. Its enormous gravitational field deflects comets and asteroids that might otherwise hit Earth, helping to create a stable environment for life to exist. But giant planets elsewhere in the universe don't necessarily protect life in their smaller, rocky neighbors.
An artist's rendering of the huge void and the filaments and walls that surround it. Credit: Pablo Carlos Budassi

Lost in Space: Is a Vast Void Dividing the Universe?

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The "mourning tension" in cosmology has recently raised questions about the standard cosmological model
This image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope shows Aram-Mador 2105-332, a unique galaxy system in the Microscope Group. It is known for its emission line galaxies, which indicate vigorous star formation. It appears in Hubble's picture of the week, and that the names were given to galaxies using astronomical coordinates. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. Dalcanton, Acknowledgment: L. Shatz

Parade of Galaxies: The stunning star show from Hubble

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Two of these galaxies close to each other are a rare type of emission line galaxies, because they are undergoing a massive process of new star birth. The others are at different distances but line up nicely in this Hubble shot
pulsar. Courtesy of Breakthrough Listen

Breakthrough Listen project scanned entire galaxies for signals from advanced intelligent beings

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The team identified 1,519 candidate signals that could not be attributed to radio frequency interference. After algorithmic processing, matching the signal properties with known disturbances, and extensive visual inspection, no convincing evidence of technological signatures was found.
This artist impression shows the pulsar PSR J1023+0038 stealing gas from its companion star. This gas accumulates in the disk around the pulsar, slowly falls into it and is eventually ejected in a narrow jet. In addition, there is a wind of particles blowing from the pulsar, represented in the figure by a cloud of very small dots. This wind collides with the gas falling in, heating it and causing the system to glow brightly in X-rays, UV and visible light. Eventually clumps of this hot gas are ejected with the jet, and the pulsar returns to its initial, weaker state, and repeats the cycle. This pulsar has been observed to continuously switch between these two states every few seconds or minutes. Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser

Cosmic Shells: Solving the Mystery of Strange Pulsar Brightness Changes

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Astronomers have deciphered the strange behavior of the pulsar J1023+0038. This pulsar, which rapidly transitions between two brightness states, emits material in sudden bursts that cause these transitions. Thanks to this breakthrough, which included extensive observations and analyses, we better understand the dynamics of pulsars.
An artist's illustration of the six newly discovered planets orbiting their star in resonance. Credit: Roger Thibaut (NCCR PlanetS)

In a harmonious rhythm: deciphering the "unsolvable puzzle" of a system with six planets

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An international team of astronomers discovered a system of six planets orbiting the star HD110067 in a unique harmonic resonance
the dark matter. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Following the dark matter

on the research effort to decipher the essence and properties of dark matter, by measuring interactions between it and other matter particles
The central region of the Milky Way galaxy as photographed by the Sobro telescope. The image shows many stars in a field of view that is about 0.4 light-years wide. The star S0-6 (in the blue circle), the subject of this study, is about 0.04 light-years from the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (in the green circle). Credit: Miyagi University of Education/NAOJ

Across Time and Space: A Mysterious Star's Epic Journey to the Center of the Milky Way

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Research by an international team led by Shogo Nishiyama at Miyagi University shows that some of the stars closely circling the black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy may have come from further away than previously thought, completely outside the Milky Way.
A multi-color view of MACS0416, a galaxy cluster about 4.3 billion light-years from Earth. The image was created by combining infrared observations from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope with visible light data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The resulting prismatic panorama of the blues and reds gives clues to the distances of the galaxies. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Jose M. Diego (IFCA), Jordan CJ D'Silva (UWA), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Jake Summers (ASU), Rogier Windhorst (ASU), Haojing Yan ( University of Missouri

The "Christmas Tree" galaxy cluster: NASA's 'Webb' and 'Hubble' join forces for a dizzying masterpiece

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The stunning image represents one of the most comprehensive views of the universe ever taken, revealing a rich landscape of galaxies along with more than a dozen variable objects discovered for the first time
This image, taken by NASA's Perseverance rover on Aug. 6, 2021, shows the hole drilled into Martian rock in preparation for the rover's first attempt to collect a sample. It was captured by one of the rover's cameras in what the rover's science team called "cobblestone" in the area. The crater floor is broken and rough" in Jezero Crater. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Did life exist on Mars and other planets? We may soon know through artificial intelligence

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This artist rendering shows what the sub-Neptunian exoplanet TOI-421 b might look like. In a new study, scientists have found new evidence of how planets of this type can lose their atmosphere. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and D. Player (STScI)

Cosmic disappearance: NASA solves the mystery of shrinking planets

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Researchers have found that certain planets outside the solar system are shrinking due to the loss of their atmosphere
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