Researchers from the Australian National University have developed a model that is the most comprehensive view of the history of the universe. The study highlights the change that the universe underwent from the moment of its formation 13.8 billion years ago to its current state, full of objects such as protons, atoms and galaxies
The most comprehensive look at the history of the universe ever produced has been produced by researchers at the Australian National University.
Lead researcher Dr. Charlie Linweaver from the university said he set out to understand where all the objects in the universe came from.
"When the universe began 13.8 billion years ago in the Big Bang, there were no objects such as protons, atoms, humans, planets, stars or galaxies. Now the universe is full of such objects," he said.
"The relatively simple answer to the question of where they came from, is that as the universe cooled, all these objects condensed from a hot background."
To show this process in the simplest way, the researchers created two graphs. The first shows the temperature and density of the universe as it expanded and cooled. The second records the mass and size of all objects in the universe.
The result is the most comprehensive chart ever created of all the objects in the universe.
Former university researcher Vihan Patal said the project raised some important questions.
"Parts of this diagram are not physically possible - where objects cannot be denser than black holes, or so small that quantum mechanics obscures the very essence of what it really means to be a single object."
The researchers also emphasize that the boundaries of the chart and what may lie beyond it remain a great mystery.
"At the smaller end, where quantum mechanics and general relativity meet, is the smallest possible object - an instanton. This diagram suggests that the universe may have started as an instanton, which has a specific size and mass, rather than a singularity, which is a hypothetical point of infinite density and temperature," Fatal said.
"At the larger end, the diagram suggests that if there was nothing - absolute vacuum - beyond the observable universe, our universe would be a large, low-density black hole. It's a little scary, but we have good reason to believe that's not the case."
The researchers describe the condensation process of objects as phase transitions from a higher order of symmetry to a lower order as the universe cools. That is, initially the universe was "mixed" and more symmetrical, and with cooling, order and asymmetry was created.
They explain that the objects condensed when their binding energy exceeded the energy of the background. For example, the protons and neutrons were created when the binding energy of the strong force exceeded the background energy in the quark-gluon plasma.
The researchers note that today the universe is full of objects such as protons, atoms, stars and galaxies, whose density is higher than the average density of the universe.
They calculated and recorded the change in time of the universe's density and its temperature to give a quantitative context to this series of phase transitions.
The study was published in the latest issue of The American Journal of Physics.
More of the topic in Hayadan:
5 תגובות
Again mindless idolaters respond...what are you getting into here!!!!! I understand that fear and doubt are gnawing at your head, but this is not the place... Go pray, go to the Kippa website, maybe hear some crazy lesson from some rabbi who talks nonsense, why are you coming in here? And responding to your pagan garbage. Who exactly do you want to convince with the nonsense you spew and blasphemy?
How can we talk in terms of time, before time was created?
God will pay you for this complete apostasy!!!
Just a dumb question, how is the heat created in the beginning and how is the cold created?
Where did these laws come from in nature
Because if I'm not mistaken, heat and cold are physical laws found in nature.
I would love to hear a clearer answer
Thanks
Parashat Bereshit of the exact sciences
The Genesis chapter of the exact sciences explicitly states:
To present a true description of physical reality, it is necessary to use the ideas of divine creation, and the natural knowledge of man.
A true description of physical reality will begin like this.
Genesis 5 God created "continuous quantitative things"
The hallmark of a continuous quantitative thing (dkr) is simple.
Whatever quantity we choose from the list, we will always find that in reality there is a larger quantity, and a smaller quantity.
Any quantity that is chosen from the table, it is between a zero quantity and an infinite quantity.
With the natural knowledge of man we will arrive at these five dachars.
Energy, time, length, area and volume.
Energy and time create the science of physics
Area length and volume, form the science of geometry.
Geometry and physics are the exact sciences, because they deal with quantities between zero and infinite quantities.
The science of physics appeared after the empty infinite space was filled by two continuous quantitative things, namely energy and passive time.
Passive time is absolute rest and absolute cold, and it fills the infinite space.
Passive time is at complete rest, and is the medium in which waves of passive time move. These waves transmit sunlight.
Passive time is a new and revolutionary physical concept, and it exists right in physical reality. On the other hand, the time we all know does not exist in physical reality, and it disappears as soon as you think about it. This elusive time was invented by man for their benefit, and the proper name for it is ...active time.
Poetic cosmology - from the wonders of passive time
The passive time envelops us, and we move through it.
I asked him and I didn't answer,,,,wait a little while he said
who are you i asked
I am the passive time, I belong to nature, I lead the light and color
Where are you the hard,…
I fill the terrible space, and it is now full of a river.
The energy is also with me, its power is beyond words, and together we create the material.
I know the stuff, I said, I touched it and it's right here.
You will not be able to touch me, but inside me you are free to move.
Are you really time? After all, the time I know always flies away.
I'm always here, I'm not a guest
I am the real time, and the energy is always with me.
Parashat Beresheit of the exact sciences geometry and physics
The chapter on the beginning of the exact sciences continues as follows:
After the infinite space was filled with passive energy and time, the stars were formed. The matter of the stars is formed by combining amounts of passive time and energy.
The matter of the stars is continuous, and has no gravity.
Combinations of amounts of passive time and energy created the familiar elements
Like, gold, carbon, iron and more. Any such conjunction is a physical form, and therefore
Matter is not a quantitative concept. A geometric shape is also not a quantitative concept, because it is formed by combining quantities of a closed length containing a quantity of area.
The concepts of geometric shape and physical shape always go together.
Geometry and physics are the two exact sciences, and the tangible and clear geometry provides clues about the mysterious physics.. Geometry always links us to the concept of form, and physics always links us to the concept of movement.
And so the chapter of Genesis of the exact sciences continues.
And God will instill eternal movement in every star, and Noah's star does not exist in reality.
The name of the collection of ever-moving stars is a universe.
The shape of the orbit of the stars of the universe is helical (neither straight nor round)
It is the Borgian orbit of the stars of the universe that allows their integration into a single division that is always moving.
A screw track has two data - diameter, and advance angle.
To complete the creation of the universe, it was necessary for the universe to obey a divine law.
And God established the law of conservation of the amount of energy in the universe, and this law ensured the eternal existence of the universe.
Everything said here about the universe is not accepted by the scientific establishment.
Today's scientists believe in the existence of a completely different universe, which is Newton's universe. Newton's universe is in infinite empty space, and this universe is dominated by crude and simple mechanical gravity.
The idea of gravity was given to the world by Newton 330 years ago.
Newton believed that there was a mysterious and wonderful force emanating from the depths of the earth, and that its whole function was to knock down objects that fell from our hands.
Such a mysterious force brings the reader into the world of fairy tales, and the imagination gives this force the image of a friendly, invisible demon.
Newton gave this demon the nice name "gravitational force".
Amazingly, Newton carried many believers in the idea of gravity after him, and thus began a strange investigation of physical reality, which contains a mysterious demon.
Why did Newton invent the delusional idea of gravity.
Newton did not know that objects that were handed out of our hands fall by themselves, and thus they fulfill a wonderful physical law of nature, which is the law of conservation of energy. This law of conservation was accepted in science only 170 years ago, and Newton obviously did not know about its existence.
And since Newton did not know that objects fall by themselves, and did not know about the existence of the law of conservation of energy, he invented the idea of gravity.
This crazy idea lasted for 160 years in all official physics curricula, thus creating a murky scientific swamp, which prevented any possibility of knowing the true structure of the universe.
Newton's murky scientific quagmire was canceled out by the physical reality that revealed to the world the existence of a miraculous quantitative law,
And it is the conservation of the amount of energy.
How is the law of conservation of energy,
Eliminates the concept of gravity.
To lift a large stone off the ground to a height of 1 meter, you have to exert yourself and get tired, and this amount of fatigue represents an amount of energy.
If we release this stone from a height of 1 meter, it will fall down by itself with increasing speed, and its impact will hit the ground. Show exactly the same amount of energy that was needed to lift the stone to a height of 1 meter.
No gravity is needed to drop the stone down, the stone falls by itself
down with increasing speed, and thus the law of conservation of energy is fulfilled.
This is how the wonderful physical reality works, and it is the one that taught scientists about the existence of an important physical law of nature - the law of conservation of energy.
There are many types of energy, and they can alternate with each other, according to this law of conservation.
Physical reality operates by itself, according to miraculous laws inherent in it, and researchers of physical reality have begun to discover these laws.
The law of conservation of energy that was discovered 170 years ago completely cancels out Newton's physics that requires gravity - and it proves that objects that are separated from our hands - fall by themselves, and there is no mysterious demon in physical reality that knocks them down..
And what turns out? For 170 years, Newton's physics has been taught in universities, and not a single teacher stood up and shouted "there is no gravity, and Newton's physics is incorrect"
It should be emphasized that Newton did not know that his physics was incorrect, but already 170 years ago, the physics teachers knew about the existence of the law of conservation of energy that eliminates the idea of gravity, but they did not find the courage to tell this to their students
These 170 unfortunate years produced terrible errors in the concept of matter and the structure of the universe, and the concepts of dark particle matter and dark energy testify to this.
The time has come to move to a different physics, based on miraculous laws inherent in physical reality. This is the real physics, and it appears in a revolutionary book - which bears the name... "Esbar's magical journey on the wings of natural knowledge"
This book conflicts with all the physical teachings developed in the last 150 years, and it presents to the world a new physics, and also a new geometry of circles.
A. Asbar