Evolution and nature

Bird hunting is legal in many countries, and in some areas there is also large-scale illegal hunting. Brown-throated Sparrow. Photo: Dr. Yoav Perlman

The Great Migration of Small Birds: Who Will Be More Threatening – the Climate Crisis or Humans?

Small migratory birds, weighing no more than a few grams, travel thousands of kilometers each year between their nesting sites in Europe and their breeding grounds in Africa. Dr. Yoav Perlman of the Israel Ornithology Center warns that food shortages, hunting
Reconstruction of a landscape from the Late Triassic (about 215 million years ago). A Lagerpetid reptile, a relative of pterosaurs, sits on a rock and watches pterosaurs flying above it. Credit: Matheus Fernandes

Study: Ancient pterosaurs took off with smaller brains than expected

New research using advanced fossil imaging shows that early pterosaurs – the first flying reptiles – may have mastered flight almost immediately upon their appearance, without needing a large brain like birds.
Microalgae from BarAlgae. Photo: University of Haifa

From high-tech to the ocean: Artificial intelligence that optimizes microalgae growth

Efrat Kadosh, Director of Climate-Tech at the Maurice Kahn Marine Research Station at the University of Haifa, is leading the development of artificial intelligence models based on data from BarAlgae Farms – to stabilize, improve and transform the growth of
A family of settlers on Mars. Illustration: depositphotos.com

A pair of bacteria could turn Martian dust into building material for the first colonists

A new study in Frontiers in Microbiology suggests a biomineralization system of two bacterial species, Sporosarcina pasteurii and Chroococcidiopsis, that could produce "biological concrete" from Martian soil, provide oxygen, and contribute to closed agricultural systems and human colonization efforts.
Mollusks at the beginning of the dinosaur era. The oldest known oceanic tetrapod system, from about 249 million years ago. A school of small-bodied ichthyopterygians of the genus Grippia longirostris hunts squid-like ammonites (center). In the distance, schools of graminear fish Boreosomus and Saurichthys feed. Credit: Robert Back

249-million-year-old fossil shakes up evolutionary timeline

Reanalyzed Arctic fossils show marine ecosystems recovered with astonishing speed after the 'Great Dying'
Predators and keep fish populations healthy. Female sandbar shark. Photo: Meron Segev, Sharks Association in Israel

The Hadera sand shark: A giant predator, a warming sea, and new questions about the Mediterranean Sea

Dozens of sandbar sharks gather every winter in the warm waters of the Hadera and Ashkelon power plants – Dr. Adi Barash reveals a species that is not considered Mediterranean at all, explains their role as apex predators, the threats from fishing
A life-size model of a baby mammoth, displayed at a museum in Kiev, Ukraine. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Frozen 40-year-old mammoth reveals nearly intact RNA and hidden genetic secrets

A new breakthrough shows that some of the most fragile molecules in biology can be preserved for longer than scientists thought. Researchers have opened a window into the real-time biology of extinct animals
A scene from about 66 million years ago, depicting the broad-beaked dinosaur Edmontosaurus annectens as it appeared in life, based on “mummies” discovered in east-central Wyoming—preserved scaly skin and hooves. The dinosaur had a fleshy ridge over its neck and torso, a row of fleshy spines over its pelvis and tail, and hooves covering the tips of its hind feet. Credit: Dani Navarro

The first hoofed reptile: Dinosaur "mummies" reveal surprising evolutionary turn

Paleontologists from the University of Chicago have unearthed fossils of a "duckbill" dinosaur in Wyoming that have been meticulously reconstructed in the university's fossil lab. These fossils preserve soft tissues and external features at impressive resolution, allowing scientists to reconstruct what it looked like
Black whale. Photo: NOAA Fisheries

Voices from the Deep: Can Israeli intelligence save a rare whale species from extinction?

What happens when economic interests and conservation interests conflict, and how can they be balanced? An Israeli organization is trying to help solve this problem, and aid in the conservation of a rare species of whale
Sea urchin research at Tel Aviv University. Photo by Shahaf Ben Ezra

Pathogens, storms and extreme temperatures: the causes of mass sea urchin deaths

A pair of studies from Tel Aviv University map 110 mass mortality events of sea urchins since 1888 and show that pathogens are the main cause, while also presenting a "corona swab" method for non-invasive genetic sampling under the skin.
Glioblastoma tumor tissue removed from a patient and immediately soaked in a solution containing an amino acid that only bacteria consume. On the left, you can see that the cancer cells, whose nuclei are marked in orange, have taken up the amino acid marked in blue – evidence of the presence of live, active bacteria in the tumor. On the right, after antibiotic treatment, the consumption of the amino acid has stopped.

Inside the brain: Bacteria live in tumors and metastases – and may affect treatment and patient survival

Weizmann Institute study in collaboration with Beilinson and Rambam identifies a diverse microbiome in glioblastoma and brain metastases; overlap with bacteria in primary tumors, variation by location in the brain, and association with temozolomide resistance and survival; published in Nature Cancer
A young chimpanzee makes eye contact. New research suggests that chimpanzees are capable of rational thought and changing their decisions when new evidence emerges. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Psychologists have discovered that chimpanzees are capable of rational thought, similar to humans.

A team of researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, and partner institutions studied chimpanzees in the E-Ngamba Reserve in Uganda and found that they change their choices when given stronger evidence – a finding that places rationality at the center of
Reconstruction of a Neanderthal family in the Neanderthal Museum in Croatia. Illustration: depositphotos.com

First Neanderthal footprints on the coast of Portugal change knowledge of early humans

Fossilized footprints dating back some 80 years discovered on the Algarve coast reveal how Neanderthals moved, hunted and exploited coastal environments – and show a diverse diet based on deer, horses, rabbits and marine resources.
Kings of Heaven. Biblical Eagles (Photo: Yoram Shapirer)

What about AI and saving eagles from poisoning?

Researchers have developed an innovative algorithm that turns vultures themselves into a smart warning system and prevents mass poisoning events.
Aggressive bats. Illustration courtesy of Prof. Yossi Yuval, Tel Aviv University

The attack and defense strategies of fruit bats

In the spring, bats are more "bold" and are not afraid to engage in conflicts with rats in the fight for food.
Skull of a soldier from Napoleon's army, next to a button the size of the soldier. Credit: Michel Signoli, Aix-Marseille Université

DNA from Napoleon's armies identifies pathogens that may explain the high mortality of soldiers on the return journey from Russia in 1812

Researchers extracted and sequenced DNA from the teeth of thirteen soldiers from a mass grave in Vilnius, Lithuania, on the route of retreat from France to Russia. After removing environmental contaminants, DNA fragments from pathogenic bacteria were identified: not typhus, but
A dinosaur egg sampled for geochronology. Photo: Dr. Bi Zhao

Atomic clock for fossils: Direct dating of dinosaur eggs from China reveals an age of about 85 million years

Researchers have applied U-Pb carbonate dating directly to eggshells from the Qinglongshan site in Yunyang for the first time, determining an Upper Cretaceous age and offering a new window into ancient climate and dinosaur diversity dynamics
The sounds they make can be heard from hundreds of meters away. Photo: Prof. Amiel Ilani

Rock Rabbit – The Social Singer of the Desert and Construction Sites

He can sing, he's sociable, he lives in Israel and despite his size he's actually a relative of the elephant. Who are you, a rock rabbit? The hottest questions about the most interesting animals
Snake bite. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Snake Bites: This is How They Do It

Vipers, colubrids and alpids have different ways of behaving, and these have been revealed in great detail for the first time.
Optical illusions of birds. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Are animals susceptible to optical illusions? What fish and birds can teach us about perception

This led to our research question: Do other animals also “fall for” the same tricks? If a small fish or a chicken is exposed to the illusion, what does this tell us about the way they see and interpret their environment?
Latham Island – more than 40 kilometers east of the coast of Tanzania and about 50 dunams in size

Bat Island: Going to the Edge of the World to Understand the Brain

Neuroscientists from the Weizmann Institute traveled to a remote island near Zanzibar to record the brain activity of mammals in the wild for the first time and study how the internal compass they use to navigate works.
Discovered viruses that make DNA from an RNA template. David Baltimore | Photo: NIH, via Wikimedia Commons

The researcher who ran viruses backwards: David Baltimore (1938–2025)

Nobel Prize winner who identified reverse transcriptase, formulated the “Baltimore Classification” and laid the foundations for modern virology, PCR and antiviral drugs
The first vocal repertoire described for a deer in the wild. Photo: Dr. Amir Arnon

The secret language of the Israeli deer: The first vocal repertoire revealed

New research reveals for the first time the courtship, threat and warning sounds of one of Israel's symbolic animals – and shows how deciphering the language could help save it from extinction
Turkey ear fungus. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Fungi dominated the Earth hundreds of millions of years before plants.

New research reveals that fungi created ancient soils and prepared the continents for the arrival of plants, through early collaboration with algae
You were breathless with her extraordinary neck rotation ability. Photo: Rachel Aloni

Live the moment: The white-tailed deer – the silent predator that guards the fields

It has phenomenal hearing, a heart-shaped face, and the ability to "dive" through the air toward prey in complete silence. How did the snort become an unexpected ally of modern agriculture? The Hottest Questions About Animals
How does the variation in flower colors occur, and why does the same species appear in different colors?. Anemones. Image courtesy of Prof. Yuval Sapir

Why are flowers colorful? Hint: It's not always natural selection

Evolutionary studies reveal: Sometimes flower colors result from precise ecological adaptations to pollinators and the environment, and sometimes it is a random variation that is preserved simply because it has no clear advantage.
Artist illustration by Z. Rinpoche. Credit: Masato Hattori

The oldest dome-shaped dinosaur – Zavacephale rinpoche – was discovered from the Gobi Desert

A nearly complete 108-million-year-old fossil pushes back the appearance of pachycephalosaurs by about 15 million years, illuminating the role of the dome as part of social behavior
The unagi from the episode of the series "Friends" is a freshwater eel that is considered a sought-after delicacy in Japan. Photo: Pixabay

Cultured Ongi Eel: A Japanese delicacy becomes a global experiment for a new marine protein

New research led by Ben-Gurion University and sponsored by Forsea Foods shows that producing cultured seaweed could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help combat the climate crisis.
"We study bats both in the field and in the laboratory. When possible, we prefer to work in the field." Prof. Yossi Yuval. Photo: Ofri Eitan

Living in the moment: Egyptian fruit bat reveals astonishing navigation and memory skills

Prof. Yossi Yuval explains how the fruit bat common in Israel combines night vision, sonar, and spatial memory – and also contributes to seed dispersal and tree pollination.
Dr. Jane Goodall arrives at the Los Angeles premiere of the Apple TV+ original series "Jane" (Season 1), held at the California Science Center on April 14, 2023. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Chimpanzee researcher Jane Goodall dies at 91: pioneer, scientist and conservation icon

The researcher who changed the way we understand animals died in her sleep; in her final quotes she called for seeing every day as an opportunity to save the planet.
Psilocybe cubensis grows worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, including Central and South America, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. The mushroom prefers moist, fertile soils and contains the psychoactive substance psilocybin, which is currently being investigated as an active ingredient in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression. Credit: Felix Blei, Leibniz-HKI

Mushrooms evolved psychedelics twice – a rare case of convergent evolution

An international study has found that two types of mushrooms have independently evolved different biochemical pathways for producing psilocybin – the psychoactive substance currently being studied as a treatment for drug-resistant depression.
Underwater military remains. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Weapons from World Wars on the Seabed – A Surprising Habitat for Marine Animals

New research reveals that World War II munitions dumped in the Baltic Sea are home to a rich variety of marine organisms – despite high levels of toxic substances. Another finding points to a phenomenon
Common grebe. Photo courtesy of Prof. Sarig Gafni.

Common Digger: The Hidden Amphibian Struggling to Survive in Israel

The rare amphibian, which is neither a frog nor a toad, lives underground most of the year and only emerges on a few rainy nights. The common groundhog, which is at the edge of its global distribution in Israel, is facing a serious threat of extinction due to
Synthetic bacteria. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Changing the Code of Life: Scientists Create a Microbe with a Limited Artificial Genome – Another Step on the Path to Artificial Creatures

Researchers from Cambridge have developed Syn57 – an artificial E. coli bacterium that uses only 57 codons out of 64. The development could lead to the production of artificial proteins, new drugs and better control of industrial bacteria.
The Traffic Ecology Laboratory team collects samples from dead nests in Lake Hula during the outbreak, December 27, 2021. (Credit: Hadas Kahner, Israel Nature and Parks Authority)

Wildlife as gatekeepers: Real-time traffic monitoring could help prevent the next pandemic

Hebrew University-led research offers a new framework for monitoring zoonotic diseases through biologging – and highlights the importance of global collaboration
Coral reef | Credit: Maoz Fine

Corals in the Gulf of Eilat withstood an unprecedented marine heat wave and remained stable

International study led by researchers from the Hebrew University reveals that Eilat corals survived four years of heat waves, including 30 DHW in the summer of 2024 – the highest in the world; spot bleaching observed for the first time in shallow waters
Fish farm in Thailand. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Fish for Rosh Hashanah, without harming the sea

Artificial intelligence helps make fish farms more effective, environmentally friendly, and profitable – and also reduces dependence on destructive fishing
Insects are the most species-rich group of animals, and they also play a number of critical roles in ecosystems. Photo: Agricultural field with insect trap. Photo: Liraz Kabra-Leikin

Identify the insect: Artificial intelligence helps farmers maintain biodiversity

Octopus Americanus in the wild. Photo: Chelsea Bennice, Florida Atlantic University

Each arm of the octopus has its own function.

For the first time, the arm movements of octopuses in diverse natural environments have been analyzed, revealing surprising patterns of role division and extraordinary motor flexibility.
A drone installs a marking on a power line. Photo: Dr. Eshel Ofir

High Voltage: How can we reduce bird collisions with power lines?

Israel is a major migratory route for birds, but many of them are injured here by collisions with high-voltage power lines. A new study examines what can be done to reduce the number of these injuries.
Horseback riding. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The mutation that changed history: How horses became rideable

New research reveals that two genetic mutations were key to the domestication of the horse in the Bronze Age – making it calmer and more resistant to carrying riders, and changing the face of transportation and warfare in the ancient world
The stages of chocolate making from the bean to the cube. Photo: Mimi Chu Leung / University of Nottingham

The secret science that could change chocolate forever

New research from the University of Nottingham suggests transforming the fermentation process of cocoa beans from a spontaneous process to a controlled scientific standard – ensuring consistent, high-quality, and flavorful chocolate around the world.
An Israeli family from 140 years ago, drawn using AI. On the left - the Neanderthal father, in the middle the mixed-race daughter and on the right the mother - Homo sapiens. Courtesy of Tel Aviv University

Earliest evidence of interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals discovered in Israel

For the first time in science, early biological connections between the two human groups that were considered two separate human species have been documented.
Air sampler during a dust storm

The survival mechanisms of dust storm bacteria

How do living bacteria survive inside dust particles carried by desert storms from the Sahara Desert and Egypt to Israel?
Sampling using the ship L'Atalante

"Hitchhiking" microorganisms reflect ocean currents better than free-floating microorganisms

New study finds that microorganisms associated with gastropods reflect ocean currents and environmental conditions better than "free" microorganisms
Collagen stability is made possible by a chemical reaction that prevents water from attacking the chemical bonds that hold the collagen fibers together. The chemical reaction against a dinosaur background | From the article Yang et al. 2024

Collagen in fossils: proteins as a biological archive of the past

Unlike DNA, proteins like collagen can sometimes survive for millions of years in fossils. Scientists use this ability to learn a lot about the biology of ancient creatures.
An Israeli nonprofit called Deep Voice helps researchers and conservation organizations around the world protect marine mammals. Photo: Aviel Shaul

With the help of voice: artificial intelligence for whales

Israeli NGO Deep Voice develops acoustic models to identify marine mammal sounds; WILDLABS grant will enable online platform for conservation and restoration of at-risk populations
Tubering and non-tubering species of the potato plant. Credit: Yuxin Jia and Fei Wang.

From tomato to potato: The ancient genetic hybrid that created the potato 9 million years ago

Researchers have finally discovered the ancient secret behind the origins of the potato – and it involves a surprising genetic hybridization.
A tiny life form that penetrated the sedimentary rocks and fed on the minerals therein created thin, parallel tubes between two channels. Marble sample from Namibia | Source: Cees Passchier

Thin tubes to the distant past

Unusual structures found in marble and limestone rocks in Namibia were probably created millions of years ago by tiny animals that fed on the minerals in the rocks.