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The beginning of the universe

The galaxy cluster Abel 2744 or the Pandora cluster. The researchers looked at the galaxies behind it. Photograph of the Hubble Space Telescope

The first light in the universe

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James Webb Space Telescope observations of galaxies in the young universe revealed that the first light in space came from bright young stars
The study of gravity using gravitational waves. Credit: The Science website via DALEE

The quest for the theory of everything - scientists examine Einstein using the many data obtained from gravitational wave observations

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A research partnership between theoretical physicists and computational physicists at the University of Virginia that may offer new insight into the possibility of a theory of everything or, at the very least, a better understanding of gravity, one of the fundamental forces of the universe
Artificial color JWST image of a small portion of the GOODS South field, with emphasis on JADES-GS-z7-01-QU. This type of galaxy is extremely rare. Credit: JADES Collaboration

Cosmic Time Runs Back: Webb Space Telescope Discovers 'Dead' Galaxy 13 Billion Years Old

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This galaxy experienced a tumultuous and fast life: the star formation process worked quickly and suddenly ended, a situation that is not expected at such an early stage in the evolution of the universe. It is still unclear whether the "frozen" state of the galaxy is temporary or permanent, and what is the reason for the cessation of the star formation process
long image captionThis is part of the Evolution of the Universe Early Science Survey (CEERS), consisting of several near-infrared points from the NIRCam (Near Infrared Camera) camera on the James Webb Space Telescope. These observations are being made in the same region studied by the Hubble Space Telescope, known as the Extended Groth Belt. Arrows showing the directions north and east show the direction of the image in the sky. It should be noted that the relationship between north and east in the sky (as seen from below) is reversed compared to the half directions on the map of the earth (as seen from above). The image shows invisible near-infrared wavelengths converted to visible colors. The color key shows which NIRCam filters were used to collect the light. The name color of each filter is the visible color that represents the infrared light passing through that filter. The barrel ruler is marked with arc-seconds which are a measure of angular distance in the sky. One arc-second is equal to an angular measurement of 1/3600 of one degree. There are 60 arc-minutes in a degree and 60 arc-seconds in an arc-minute. (The full moon has an angular diameter of about 30 arc-minutes.) The actual size of an object that covers one arc-second in the sky depends on its distance from the telescope. Credit: NASA, European Space Agency (ESA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), Steve Finkelstein (University of Texas at Austin)

The James Webb telescope reveals: galaxies in the early universe have a long and flat shape

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The first galaxies were much less developed than the spiral and spherical galaxies that exist today, which are actually the result of mergers, both because of the stage of development but also because of the conditions that prevailed at the time
An artist's rendering of the huge void and the filaments and walls that surround it. Credit: Pablo Carlos Budassi

Lost in Space: Is a Vast Void Dividing the Universe?

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The "mourning tension" in cosmology has recently raised questions about the standard cosmological model
A multi-color view of MACS0416, a galaxy cluster about 4.3 billion light-years from Earth. The image was created by combining infrared observations from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope with visible light data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The resulting prismatic panorama of the blues and reds gives clues to the distances of the galaxies. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Jose M. Diego (IFCA), Jordan CJ D'Silva (UWA), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Jake Summers (ASU), Rogier Windhorst (ASU), Haojing Yan ( University of Missouri

The "Christmas Tree" galaxy cluster: NASA's 'Webb' and 'Hubble' join forces for a dizzying masterpiece

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The stunning image represents one of the most comprehensive views of the universe ever taken, revealing a rich landscape of galaxies along with more than a dozen variable objects discovered for the first time
The large galaxy at the front of the image is LEDA 2046648, and it looks just over a billion years back in time, while most of the others are even further away, and therefore look further back in time. Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Martel

Looking into the past: how James Webb is rewriting our understanding of ancient galaxies

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The image shows a deep image of the Pandora galaxy cluster, or Abell 2744, using data from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope. Following the image, an international team led by Penn State University researchers confirmed the distance of these ancient galaxies and inferred their properties using new spectroscopic data James B. Telescope - Information on light emitted across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. About 33 billion light-years away, these particularly distant galaxies provide insights into how primordial galaxies could have formed. The image shows a deep snapshot of the Pandora galaxy cluster, or Abell 2744 , using data from NASA's James B. Space Telescope. Following the image, an international team led by researchers from Penn State University confirmed the distance of these ancient galaxies and inferred their properties using new spectroscopic data from the James telescope and information about light emitted across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. About 33 billion light-years away, these particularly distant galaxies provide insights into how primordial galaxies could have formed. Cluster image: NASA, UNCOVER (Bezanson et al., DIO: 10.48550/arXiv.2212.04026) Insets: NASA, UNCOVER (Wang et al., 2023) Composition: Dani Zemba/Penn State

The Webb Space Telescope Discovered Galaxies 33 Billion Light Years Away That Challenge Astronomical Theories

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Unlike other distant galaxies that have been discovered, which appear as small red dots, the two new galaxies are large and have an unusual appearance - one resembling a peanut and the other a fluffy ball, indicating the diversity of galaxies in the early universe. According to the speed and direction of their distance, today they are beyond our line of sight
objects in the universe. Illustration: depositphotos.com

From the Big Bang to the Big Picture: A New Comprehensive Look at All Objects in the Universe

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Researchers from the Australian National University have developed a model that is the most comprehensive view of the history of the universe. The study highlights the change that the universe underwent from the moment of its formation 13.8 billion years ago to its current state, full of objects such as protons, atoms and galaxies
Conceptual diagram of this study. Signals from supernovae (close-up lower right), quasars (close-up middle left), and gamma-ray bursts (close-up top center) reach Earth in the Milky Way galaxy (background), where we can use them to measure cosmological parameters. Credit: NAOJ

Rewriting the past and future of the universe - new research sheds light on the fate of our cosmos

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New research has improved the accuracy of the parameters that control the expansion of the universe. More precise parameters will help astronomers determine how the universe grew to its current state, and how it will evolve in the future.
In Ellipse: The Dark Age of the Universe. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Radio waves from the moon will shed light on the early universe

About 50 million years after the big bang, we will be able to measure the evolution of the universe and its composition by measuring radio waves from the moon

The beginning of the universe in the eyes of science

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A special article in honor of Hebrew new year summarizing the creation of the world through the lens of science
The galaxy GS-9209. credit g. brammer c. Williams A. carnall, University of Edinburgh

Webb revealed features of a galaxy 25 billion light years away

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The galaxy is currently 25 billion light-years away, but when light began to travel from it to us about 12.5 billion years ago, it was much closer, because the universe is expanding
Landmarks in the expansion of the universe. From Wikipedia

The uniformity of the cosmic background radiation

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SMACS galaxy cluster. This image of the galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 and its surroundings was the first image released from the James Webb Space Telescope in July 2022. The five close-up images are about 19,000 light-years across and show galaxies as they appeared about 13 billion years ago. Careful analysis of these galaxies reveals that if we cannot resolve the discrepancy, we may greatly underestimate the total mass of its stars. Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI / Giménez-Arteaga et al. (2023), Peter Lorsen (Cosmic Dawn Center).

Astronomers are surprised by the unexpected size of galaxies in the early universe photographed by the James Webb Space Telescope

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The first findings from the James Webb space telescope hinted at galaxies so early and massive that they are somewhat inconsistent with our understanding of the formation of structure in the universe. A new study tries to deal with these contradictions
Viewed from this side of the universe simulation, each dot represents a galaxy whose size and brightness are proportional to its mass. Slices from different eras show how Roman could see the universe throughout cosmic history. Astronomers will use these observations to understand how cosmic evolution led to the web-like structure we see today. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and A. Yung

Turning Back the Cosmic Clock: How NASA's Novel Space Telescope Will Turn Back the Universe

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The concept of the early universe. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Cosmic Breakthrough: A new and accurate map of all matter in the universe has been published

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A team of scientists made a drastic announcement about one of the most accurate measurements to date of the distribution of matter in the universe using, among other things, the radio telescope at the South Pole
Ancient galaxies. Courtesy of Prof. Renan Branka, Tel Aviv University

A team of international researchers succeeded for the first time in characterizing the first galaxies in the universe - only about 200 million years after the Big Bang

According to the groundbreaking findings, the first galaxies were small and dim. They were dimmer than galaxies today, converting only less than 5% of their gas into stars. Also, the first galaxies did not emit much higher intensity radio radiation than we see today
Two of the most distant galaxies ever seen have been revealed in Webb Space Telescope images of the outer regions of the giant galaxy cluster Abell 2744. The galaxies are not inside the cluster, but many billions of light-years behind it. The galaxy shown in the top image in the center was extracted from the image on the left. It existed only 450 million years after the big bang. The galaxy shown in the lower center image is drawn from the image on the right. It existed 350 million years after the big bang. Both galaxies appear to be very close in time to the Big Bang that occurred 13.8 billion years ago. These galaxies are tiny compared to our Milky Way. Webb Space Telescope photo, ESA/NASA

Webb discovered the oldest galaxies, their age and properties surprised astronomers

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One of these galaxies is observed as it appeared about 300 million years after the Big Bang and shines much brighter than expected. This figure now makes researchers estimate that the first galaxies were formed 100 million years after the Big Bang. "It's like an archaeological dig, when you suddenly find a lost city or something you didn't know about," said one of the researchers
The cosmic background radiation in the microwave field. Photo: NASA

We tested Einstein's theory of gravity on the scale of the universe - here's what we found

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Researchers who have examined whether Einstein's theory of gravity works on the largest possible scale claim that there are deviations that need to be checked and corrected similar to those at small distances that can be answered using quantum theory
The early universe - from the big bang to the creation of the stars. Image: depositphotos.com

A sea of ​​galaxies awaits: the COMAP project will make it possible to study the early era of galaxy formation

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New COMAP radio survey will peer beneath the 'tip of the iceberg' of galaxies to reveal a hidden era of star formation
An artist's impression of star formation in the early universe, a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. (Image credit: (Adolf Schaller/Space Telescope Science Institute, NASA)

It is possible that the universe will start contracting "really" soon

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In a new paper published in PNAS, three scientists attempt to model the nature of dark energy, a mysterious entity that appears to be causing the universe to expand faster and faster, consistent with previous observations of the universe's expansion.
V Representation of the evolution of the universe over 13.77 billion years. The far left shows the earliest moment we can study today, when a period of "inflation" created a burst of exponential growth in the universe. (The size is shown by the vertical proportion of the grid in this drawing). Over the next billion years the expansion of the universe gradually slowed down as the matter in the universe was pulled towards itself by gravity. Recently the expansion began to accelerate again as the repulsive effects of dark energy became dominant in the expansion of the universe. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

The Uneven Universe: The Expansion of the Universe and Einstein's Theory of General Relativity

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Cosmological calculations almost always assume that there is a uniform distribution of matter in the universe. This is because the calculations would be too complicated if they included the location of each and every star. In reality the universe is not uniform: there are places with stars and planets, and in other places there is only empty space.
The galaxy clusters MACS J1341. Credit: Lead Author: NASA, ESA, Katherine E. Whitaker (UMass), Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)

"Dead" galaxies mysteriously ran out of fuel to form stars in the early universe

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When the universe was about three billion years old, only 20% of its current age, it went through the most abundant period of star birth in its history. But when Hubble and ALMA looked at cosmic objects during this period, they found something strange: six ancient massive "dead" galaxies that had run out of the cold hydrogen gas needed to form stars
The galaxy cluster RXCJ0600-2007 imaged by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, combined with gravitational lensing images of the distant galaxy RXCJ0600-z6, 12.4 billion light-years away, observed by ALMA (shown in red). Due to the gravitational lensing effect of the galaxy cluster, the image of RXCJ0600-z6 has been intensified and magnified, appearing to be divided into three or more parts. Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), Fujimoto et al., NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope

Infant galaxy in the early universe discovered with the help of a "cosmic telescope"

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