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Astrophysics

Tidal disturbances of a white dwarf on what is left of its solar system. Illustration: JILA

Hungry white dwarfs: Solving the mystery of metal contamination in stars that were supposed to contain only light elements

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White dwarfs make up the vast majority of stars in the galaxy. When they were used they did not reach the stage of producing heavy substances, so how did these substances reach them after their death?
An artist's impression of the large-scale landscape of FU~Ori. The image shows the currents created by the interaction between strong stellar winds triggered by the outburst and the remnant mantle from which the star formed. The stellar wind drives the shock wave into the mantle and the CO gas carried away by the shock is the new discovery of the ALMA observatory. Credit: NSF/NRAO/S. Dagnello

Astronomers solve the mystery of the dramatic 1936 eruption of FU Orionis

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An unusual group of stars in the Orion constellation has revealed their secrets. FU Orionis, a double star system, first caught the attention of astronomers in 1936, when the central star suddenly became 1,000 times brighter than usual. This behavior, expected of dying stars, has never been seen in a young star like FU Orionis. Now researchers have solved the mystery
Image: Horsehead Nebula (NASA Webb NIRCam): This image of the Horsehead Nebula, taken by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, focuses on a portion of the "Horse's Mane" that is about 0.8 light-years across. It was taken using a camera Webb's NIRCam (near-infrared camera) The airy clouds at the bottom of the image are dominated by cold molecular hydrogen. Red streaks extending above the main nebula represent mostly atomic hydrogen gas in this region, known as the photodissociation region and from nearby masses creates a mostly neutral region of gas and dust between the fully ionized gas above and the cooler nebula below. As in many Webb images, distant galaxies are scattered in the background. This image consists of light at wavelengths of 1.4 and 2.5 microns (shown in blue), 3.0 and -3.23 µm (cyan), 3.35 µm (green), 4.3 µm (yellow), and 4.7 and 4.05 µm (red). Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, K. MISSELT (UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA) and A. ABERGEL (IAS/UNIVERSITY PARIS-SACLAY, CNRS)

The Horsehead Nebula in unprecedented detail from the James Webb Space Telescope observations

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The galaxy cluster Abel 2744 or the Pandora cluster. The researchers looked at the galaxies behind it. Photograph of the Hubble Space Telescope

The first light in the universe

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James Webb Space Telescope observations of galaxies in the young universe revealed that the first light in space came from bright young stars
The coalescence and merger of a black hole from the bottom of the mass gap (surface in dark gray) with a neutron star with colors ranging from dark blue (60 g/cm600) to white (XNUMX kg/cmXNUMX) emphasize the strong deformations of the low-density material of the neutron star Credit: I. Markin (Potsdam University), T. Dietrich (Potsdam University and Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), H. Pfeiffer, A. Buonanno (Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)

Gravitational waves reveal hidden interactions in space

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The analysis of the signal GW230529 picked up by LIGO shows that it originated from the merger of two compact objects, one with a mass between 1.2 and 2.0 times that of the Sun and the other with a mass slightly more than twice the first
The mysterious life of hot compact objects in space. Credit: The Science website via DALEE. The image should not be seen as a scientific image

Cosmic Mysteries Revealed: The Short and Brilliant Lives of Compressed Compact Objects

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A new study reveals details of an unknown class of galaxies called compact compact objects (CSOs) that emit jets moving in opposite directions at speeds close to the speed of light
The five LIFE mission satellites are connected to form a large space telescope. Credit: ETH Zurich / LIFE initiative

Earth's Infrared Secrets: The Key to Finding Life on Distant Worlds

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The plan is to place five small satellites in space close to the Webb Space Telescope. Together these telescopes will act as a large telescope that will be used as an interferometer to receive infrared heat radiation from extrasolar planets. Finding life on Earth will give a good calibration of the spacecraft
Prof. Zvi Maza, photo: Tel Aviv University

Professor Zvi Maza is the recipient of the Israel Prize in the field of physics research for 2024 - an overview of his main discoveries

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Professor Maza studied planets outside the solar system and even developed a method for discovering planets that allows expanding the search circle
This figure shows how CSOs are probably formed. When one massive star gets too close to a black hole (left), it is devoured. This causes the black hole to emit a very fast dipole jet (center). The jet extends outward and its hot edges glow with radio wave emissions (right). Credit: B. Saxton/NRAO/AUI/NSF

Cosmic Mysteries Revealed: The Short and Brilliant Lives of Compressed Compact Objects

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The CSOs emit jets for 5,000 years or less and then die out. "The CSO jets are very energetic jets but they seem to end, the jets stop flowing from the source
Scientists have discovered a large black hole that "hiccups", and emits gas fluxes. Analysis revealed that a small black hole repeatedly punctures the gas disk of the large black hole, causing the perturbations to be released. Strong magnetic fields, north and south of the black hole, shown by the orange cone, shoot the flux up and out of the disk. Each time the small black hole punctures the disk, it emits another star, in a regular periodic pattern. Credit: Jose-Luis Olivares, MIT

Black hole "hiccuping" - astronomers are surprised by periodic eruptions in a distant galaxy

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In a distant galaxy, the supermassive black hole's intermittent gas fluxes led to the discovery of a smaller black hole in its orbit
Stars are born. Science site credit via DALEE. The image is for illustration only and should not be seen as a scientific image

The place where stars are born

In interstellar molecular clouds, large molecules can form despite the non-ideal conditions prevailing there
A view of a planet in a multi-sun system. A dialogue between science fiction and science. Credit: The Science website via DALEE

Double suns and alien worlds: the science fiction journey from Tatooine to reality

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Scientists used Bayesian network analysis to study how scientific discoveries influence science fiction literature
The bright twinkling is the supernova SN 2023ixf in the Vane Galaxy. Image based on telescopic data obtained on May 20, 21 and 22, 2023. Credit: Travis Dew, University of Arizona (Hosseinzadeh et al. 2023)

A once-in-a-lifetime supernova: unprecedented mapping of a stellar explosion

The study of gravity using gravitational waves. Credit: The Science website via DALEE

The quest for the theory of everything - scientists examine Einstein using the many data obtained from gravitational wave observations

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A research partnership between theoretical physicists and computational physicists at the University of Virginia that may offer new insight into the possibility of a theory of everything or, at the very least, a better understanding of gravity, one of the fundamental forces of the universe
Solidifying white dwarfs. Credit: The Science website via DALEE

Challenging the Cosmos: White Dwarfs That Aren't Completely Dead

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According to the new paper, in some white dwarfs, the dense plasma in the interior doesn't simply freeze from the inside out. Instead, the solid crystals that form upon freezing are less dense than the liquid, and therefore want to float, then push the liquid inside
Photograph of the inner region of the Orion Nebula as viewed by the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam instrument. Rights: NASA, ESA, CSA, Data analysis and processing capability: PDRs4All ERS team; Graphic rendering by S. Fuenmayor

The James Webb Space Telescope reveals the unseen forces that shape planetary systems

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Researchers studying the Orion Nebula with the James Webb Space Telescope found that ultraviolet radiation from massive stars prevents the formation of giant planets in young systems by scattering their building materials.
Artificial intelligence reveals a long-standing mistake in the study of black holes. Credit: The Science website via DALEE

Artificial intelligence reveals a long-standing mistake in the study of black holes

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A new study, led by the UK's University of Bath, has found that supermassive black holes need both merging galaxies and cold gas to grow. This discovery, obtained through machine learning, may change our understanding of galaxy evolution
Infographic: the history of the universe. Credit: NASA

Artificial intelligence seeks to solve the dark energy problem

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This is according to the Dark Energy Survey Partnership, of which University College London is a founding member, hosts the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in the United States and includes more than 400 scientists from 25 institutions in 7 countries
AI PHYSIST Artificial intelligence that studies the laws of physics and develops new theories. Credit - The Knowledge Site, via DALEE

New artificial intelligence will open up new theories in physics

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Researchers in Germany have developed an artificial intelligence capable of postulating physical theories by identifying patterns in complex data sets and after being fed all known physics
Artificial color JWST image of a small portion of the GOODS South field, with emphasis on JADES-GS-z7-01-QU. This type of galaxy is extremely rare. Credit: JADES Collaboration

Cosmic Time Runs Back: Webb Space Telescope Discovers 'Dead' Galaxy 13 Billion Years Old

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This galaxy experienced a tumultuous and fast life: the star formation process worked quickly and suddenly ended, a situation that is not expected at such an early stage in the evolution of the universe. It is still unclear whether the "frozen" state of the galaxy is temporary or permanent, and what is the reason for the cessation of the star formation process
NGC 5468 — the host galaxy of Cepheid. Joint photograph of the Webb and Hubble Space Telescopes, NASA/ESA

The Webb and Hubble telescopes confirm the rate of expansion of the universe, the puzzle remains

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Webb's measurements provide new light on a decade-long mystery known as the Hubble voltage - the differences in the age of the universe between the Hubble observations and past observations that remain unexplained * Prof. Adam Ries, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of dark energy heads the project
Artist's rendering of the heaviest pair of supermassive black holes: Using archival data from the Gemini North Telescope, a team of astronomers has measured the heaviest pair of supermassive black holes ever found. The merger of two supermassive black holes is a long-predicted but never-observed phenomenon. This pair provides insight into why such an event seems so unlikely in the universe. Credit: NOIR LAB

Astronomers have measured the heaviest pair of black holes ever found

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Data from the Gemini North Telescope provide a possible explanation for the halting of the merger of a pair of supermassive black holes at the center of a galaxy
The cosmic microwave background - the oldest light in the universe - traveled vast distances before reaching us. During its long journey, gravitational forces from massive cosmic structures caused its orbit to bend before it was captured by the South Pole Telescope. Credit: Zhaodi Pan/Argonne National Laboratory

The Antarctic telescope offers a map of the distribution of dark matter in the universe

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Argon is part of a multi-institutional effort to survey the skies for clues about the origins and nature of our universe.
Astronomers have found water vapor in the disk around a young star right where planets are likely to form. In this image, the new observations from the ESO partner Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) show the water vapor in shades of blue. Near the center of the disc, where the young star lives, the environment is hotter and the gas is brighter. The red rings are previous ALMA observations showing the distribution of dust around the star.Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/S. Facchini et al.

Astronomers discover a new connection between water and the formation of planets

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An amount of water at least three times greater than the water in all the Earth's oceans was discovered in the inner disk of the young Sun-like star HL Tauri, 450 light-years away from Earth, in the Taurus group
This image shows the region of the sky where the record-breaking quasar, J0529-4351, is located. Using the European Southern Observatory's Giant Telescope (VLT) in Chile, this quasar was found to be the most luminous object known in the universe so far. This image was created from images that are part of the Computerized Sky Survey 2, while the smaller image shows the location of the quasar in an image from the Dark Energy Survey. Credit: ESO/Computerized Sky Survey 2/Dark Energy Survey

The brightest object in the universe has been discovered - powered by a massive sun-swallowing black hole

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The material being pulled toward this disk-shaped black hole emits so much energy that J0529-4351 is more than 500 trillion times brighter than the Sun
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