Researchers from the USA found distinct red/gray lumps in all the samples taken from the ash and dust created following the destruction of the Twin Towers in the USA. The examination of four such samples, collected from different sites, is described in an article published in the online journal The Open Chemical Physics Journal.
Note on 10/9/2011: It turns out that Stephen Jones was forced to retire after the paper was found to be scientifically invalid. The editor of that journal was also forced to resign from his position following the failure.
Researchers from the USA found distinct red/gray lumps in all the samples taken from the ash and dust created following the destruction of the Twin Towers in the USA. The examination of four such samples, collected from different sites, is described in an article published in the online journal The Open Chemical Physics Journal. Apparently, this is the first time that independent studies of this type have been published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
These blocks reveal an amazing similarity between them in all four samples. One of the samples was collected by a Manhattan resident ten minutes after the collapse of the second twin building, two the next day, and the fourth about a week later. The properties of these blocks were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy microscopy (XEDS) and scanning calorimetry (DSC).
The red material contains particles that are 100 nanometers in size and consist mainly of iron oxide and aluminum in plate-like structures that are closely mixed together. The separation of the components using an organic solvent (methyl-ethyl-ketone) indicates the presence of pure aluminum as a metallic element. When these lumps were ignited in the calorimeter (DSC) they produced a high but narrow exothermic chemical reaction (that emits energy to the environment) that occurs at around 430 degrees Celsius, well below the ignition temperature of common combustibles such as thermite (a mixture of metallic oxide, for example oxide Iron, with aluminum powder. When ignited, the material undergoes an exothermic reaction called an aluminothermic reaction or thermite reaction. During the reaction, the oxide turns into metal. Thermite can burn at a high temperature (up to close to 2500 degrees Celsius) thanks to the high boiling point of aluminum).
A number of iron-rich spherules can be clearly observed in the remains of the lumps after they were ignited in the calorimeter. It was found that the red material in these blocks is a highly energetic thermic material that did not react.
"Metals are capable of burning, given the appropriate conditions, similar to the combustion processes of wood or gasoline. A thermite reaction is a process in which a precise mixture of metallic fuel is mixed and ignited. The ignition itself requires extremely high temperatures," explains one of the authors of the article.
Although the authors do not address the broader aspect of the XNUMX/XNUMX attacks, their findings are directly related to the possible causes of the collapse of the Twin Towers in this attack. These findings also undermine the credibility of the official report issued by the government following the investigation of the disaster.
Below are some selected excerpts from the scientific article:
The destruction of three skyscrapers in the World Trade Center complex (WTC 1, 2 and 7) on the eleventh of September 2001 was a tragic disaster unprecedented in its scope, which directly affected not only thousands of people and their families due to the loss of human life and serious injuries, but It also provided the main motivation for a number of radical and expensive changes in US foreign and homeland security policy. Due to these and other reasons, the full and accurate understanding of the events that took place on this fateful day is extremely important.
Extensive resources were invested in several government and independent investigations, which led, for the most part, to reports published by the two institutions FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) and NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). Other studies regarding the destruction have been published less publicly, but they are no less important as a moral obligation to the victims of the disaster, in receiving the most accurate information regarding the same events today. Several such publications have focused on the physical remains that remain and the photos and videos available as a public source for understanding the exact cause of the destruction of the three buildings.
The researchers' conclusions:
Using advanced scientific measurement methods (SEM/XEDS), the researchers were able to characterize the remains of the buildings remaining in the compound and determine their chemical properties, especially the most interesting components of the materials, which were red:
- The material consists of aluminum, iron, oxygen, iron and carbon. Smaller amounts of other active elements sometimes appear, mainly: potassium, sulfur, lead, barium and copper.
- The main elements (Al, Fe, O, Si, C) all exist in the form of particles on a scale of tens to hundreds of nanometers, and detailed measurements indicate that they exist as a very tight mixture.
- After treatment with the organic solvent methyl-ethyl ketone, a separation of some of the components of the mixture was obtained. Pure aluminum became sufficiently concentrated that it could be distinguished from the original unburned material.
- Iron oxide appeared in the structures of spherical particles with a size of about one hundred nanometers, while the aluminum appeared in thin plate-like structures. The small size of the iron oxide particles allows this material to be classified as nanothermite or super-thermite.
- Chemical measurements indicate that iron and oxygen are present in the ratio corresponding to the formula Fe2O3. This compound is found in all four different samples. In the original material before combustion, iron oxide could be found, but not pure iron, as an element.
- Due to the presence of pure aluminum and iron oxide in the red material, we conclude that it contains the right ingredients for thermite.
- As measured by the calorimeter device, the material ignites and reacts strongly at a temperature of 430 degrees Celsius, producing a relatively narrow exotherm that is close to independent observations of a known super-thermite sample in the literature. The relatively low ignition temperature and the presence of iron oxide particles that are less than one hundred and twenty nanometers in size indicate that the material is not a common thermite (which ignites at a temperature higher than nine hundred degrees Celsius) but is more similar to a super thermite.
- After several red/gray lumps burned in a calorimeter up to a temperature of 700 degrees Celsius, several iron-rich spherules were found in the remains of the material, a fact indicating that a reaction took place at an extremely high temperature since the iron had to be melted to obtain this form. In several spheres it was possible to verify the presence of pure iron because its concentration was significantly higher than that of oxygen. The researchers concluded that an oxidation-reduction reaction took place in the burning materials at a high temperature - that is, a thermite reaction.
- The remains of the materials that underwent combustion in the calorimeter (Al, Fe, O, Si, C) were more reduced in the amount of carbon and aluminum relative to the red starting material. These chemical properties match to an amazing extent the properties of the remains of the materials obtained in the combustion of commercial thermite, as well as those found in the microspheres collected from the ashes of the remains of the buildings.
- The carbon content in the red material indicates that it contains organic material. This fact is expected if we are talking about mixtures of super-thermite with the aim of producing high gas pressure upon ignition and thereby turning them into explosives. The nature of this organic material is still shrouded in fog and further experiments are required to identify it. It should be noted that this material is likely to be highly energetic, since the total energy released in the calorimeter measurements exceeded the theoretical maximum energy for normal thermite reactions.
In summary - based on these observations, the researchers conclude that the layer of red material in the red/gray blocks collected from the ash remains of the twin buildings is an active thermite material that did not react, integrated with nanotechnology and is a highly energetic pyrotechnic or explosive material.
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I think they made a conspiracy here after a conspiracy after a conspiracy
Seriously try to understand
And...conventional Scuds on Israel...
What does this have to do with an American attack 10 years later??
Why involve Jewish feelings when talking about the international map?
To "these are the lives": a short memory has always been in the minds of the Jewish people, you have probably already forgotten the Scuds that flew over our heads in the previous decade from the loving and embracing hands of Saddam Hussein.
There is no doubt that the phrase "your destroyers have come out of you" is truer than ever these days.
The Science of 9.11 – The Science of 9/11
http://blip.tv/file/1868736
For all the scientists, knowledgeable, skeptics and curious - here is a film showing the fall of building 7 in a scientific analysis.
Gillian:
The poor Bush administration... is slandered... as if it matters today when Obama is on top.
Bush sent his sons to die in Iraq, Afghanistan and soon - Iran.
By the way, why do you believe what you believe? Were weapons of mass destruction ever seen in Iraq other than a single document in the possession of the CIA?
Do you trust the CIA? Aren't manipulations, cover-ups, double agents, brainwashing and censorship the modus operandi of the guys over there?
To the innocent fan:
Building 7 was not damaged at all but nevertheless collapsed within 7 seconds into itself a perfect collapse.
Has an earthquake ever caused a similar event? Has an airplane ever come into a building and knocked it down completely while pulverizing it into small pieces to dust?
I invite you to watch the films from the day of the event and try to understand for yourself whether an explosive material that came from the air can collapse the foundations of a building.
Please, if your eyes are open and you are ready to receive reality without a filter, spend 10 minutes:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8n-nT-luFIw&NR=1
If you don't "feel like it" at least watch the testimony of Larry Silverstein - the owner of the buildings who collected 7 billion dollars from insurance against a terrorist attack.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZ9BofDUXv0&feature=related
Regarding the media... just as in Israel a limited number of families own all the state media, so also in the world... a limited number of corporations and companies own the global media and of course control the content.
Occam's razor talks about reducing unnecessary entities to reach an explanation, and any other entity besides the two planes is completely unnecessary in this case.
By the way, a plane also did not hit the World Trade Buildings number 3,4,5, 6, XNUMX and XNUMX, as well as the church that was located close to the complex. These buildings all collapsed on the same day, but unfortunately for conspiracy buffs, the damage caused to them due to the collision and collapse was more visually noticeable from where the cameras were located, making it harder to spread stories surrounding their collapse.
I can't help but wonder, are you filled with a similar suspicion every time you hear a report about a building collapsing as a result of an earthquake? If not, why exactly do you expect any building to withstand the enormous shock caused by the collapse of millions of tons of steel meters from its foundations? Even if it were not for the proven documentation of the extensive damage that the adjacent buildings suffered directly as a result of the collapse of the twins (yes, building 7 as well) I would not be surprised by myself if no building in that complex would have survived the attack, solely as a result of the force of the impact.
Father, I can't believe it!
You of all people in the world give some kind of legitimacy to such a delusional conspiracy theory??? You managed to surprise me.
If there is any conspiracy here, then it is only a democratic conspiracy (and quite sophisticated one must admit) to discredit the Bush administration.
Fan,
* A plane hit the WTC2 building, which collapsed.
* A plane hit the WTC1 building, and it even collapsed.
* An airplane did not hit the third building (WTC7), and it even collapsed.
What is Occam's razor supposed to cut here? According to my understanding, the plane as the reason for the crash.
Conspiracy stories (often without any minimal substantiation)
Books are sold. That's the whole story.
There is one problem with the official explanation:
It doesn't make sense that the twins collapsed as a result of a plane impact.
And especially the way they collapsed
You don't have to be an engineer to understand that to topple a tower in such a perfect way you need to
Blow up the foundations and collapse each floor individually
You can see how they drop midgets in a controlled manner and understand for yourself
Something stinks here
If I failed to explain myself well then I meant that the communication is in private hands.
And like anything in private hands, it is used for the benefit of the interests of those hands.
These private individuals are the wealthiest of the social pyramid and therefore issues that will arouse a public need for the reformation of this pyramid will be rejected outright.
Ohad, according to Goebbels, the secret to successful propaganda is "diversity that hides uniformity behind it".
There are many issues that do not reach the public debate.
The media is, in other words, uniform with regard to the wide spectrum of topics.
Avi,
The American government has already many times planned and implemented "self-exiles" in order to harness the people for war.
"Democracy" is an attribute of a people, not of a handful of governors who "out of their generosity" make it possible.
I really see it as a terrible naivety to say "in a democratic country the government exists for the sake of the people"... Those in power, wherever they are, will take care of themselves, and I'm not surprised at that because it's human nature. Unbridled power is exploitative power.
The US government has enormous power.
It is necessary to distinguish between pointing out phenomena of uniformity of thought, which sometimes exist in any professional body, and especially in our context in undeveloped media markets with monopolistic control (such as the situation in the media market in Israel), and stating that the media will always speak on every matter with one voice, and projecting it to the situation in the large and developed media market in the world (ie, the USA).
Are you claiming that there is no difference for example between the editorial line of Foxnews and MSNBC or that of the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal? I don't think too many people would agree with that statement.
A fan, indeed the media has one voice and one language.
Strange that you haven't noticed this yet.
Point, who is "the media"? Is this a monolithic body with a tendency to repeat the words of the government and accept them without question? Certainly not in a country with a developed democratic media tradition like the USA, with countless media outlets with opposing political identifications that have carried out investigations that have brought down governments. Therefore, if there is a complete consensus among "the media" to ignore the explanation of the conspiracy enthusiasts and present them as a bunch of lunatics, even among the media who did not use any other dirty trick to blacken the face of the Bush administration, there is probably something wrong.
Joe, what exactly do you mean by "the complete disappearance of the plane wreckage from the Virginia crash site and the Pentagon"? Is it because of the absence of aircraft remains at the sites in the first place? This is of course not true and it can be proven easily. As for the speed of removing the remains, I don't think there was anything unusual about the removal of disaster scenes of a similar size, certainly not considering that the matter was immediately recognized as a project of national priority.
I just saw it in National Geographic once
A movie about the twin disaster and if you notice carefully in Slow Ocean there are several explosions on the first floors, of the building that probably damaged the foundations, and brought it down, how can a plane bring down a very tall building when it explodes on top of it?
Think logically for a second
An alien invested in the Dow Jones shares, lost millions (of alien money), hijacked a section and said: "In my mother, I blow up their building"
Continue with your imagination
Aliens on behalf of the Mossad
This is a media debate, not a scientific one.
We are only seeing the power of the media in shaping public opinion.
After all, if the media were to continuously broadcast the conspiracy theory, and treat the government's explanation with disdain, we would all speak differently.
Bush did not lose any elections. And he won in 2004 even though he failed to prevent harm to civilians on 9-11. So the argument is puzzling.
The evidence that the official story is questionable is clear, and the starting point should be the question of the complete disappearance of the remains of the planes, from the crash site in Virginia and from the Pentagon. This of course does not prove planning by the Bush administration, but raises serious doubts about the official story.
In my opinion there is no conspiracy there and the people who think there is, must be the ones who see everything as a conspiracy.
In a democratic country, rulers who fail to protect their citizens fly in the elections. By Bush.
What is really absurd is the thought that the purpose of a country is to protect its citizens, and you are convinced of this and will not let the facts make you doubt your belief, similar to the creationists.
Believe the scientific consensus that accepted the "official" explanation for the collapse, both from an engineering point of view, and in terms of the inability of conspiracies of such enormous dimensions to exist in democratic open societies, as explained by the relevant studies in the social sciences.
And also believe Occam's razor principle: if two planes collided with the twins, and a short time later the twins collapsed, it was probably the planes that caused it, and not explosives that were secretly planted there ahead of time.
Fan, your argument works against you, because what is this about?
Because you can look at it from the other side:
Who will we believe? To a government with the means to say that the Twin Towers were brought down by some rioters, or should we believe some conspirators who claim that the government did it?
No one convinced me. And both situations sound absurd to me.
Get your BRAINIACS fix
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjLgzgflCk8&feature=related
Thermite on a Car
😀 Cool….
Let's leave the conspiracy for a second.
If you want to see Termite in action then the Top Gear SPIN OFF,
The program Crazy Science with the presenter of Top Gear has shown the mixture several times
Under "New Ways to Blow Up" or some other appropriate British name 😀
They put about two kilos of the mixture on a small car and turn it on.
It flows down in seconds melting the engine in its path like nothing.
Technically, if there was such a thing, then it really makes more sense why the twins collapsed.
But history has already been written and absorbed into the mind, there is nothing to dig up.
Point, your questioning is actually a reformulation of the old assertion that events of enormous importance cannot happen by chance (and the will of a single person or people on the fringes of society counts for that matter as "by chance"), so someone with unlimited means must have planned them.
Apart from the fact that chaos theory has already mathematically proven this statement to be wrong, the problem is that this exact argument can and is used to justify any conspiracy, starting with Jews who cause economic crises, through the Kennedy murder, and ending with the British regime that murdered Princess Diana.
The tendency to see a planner behind every important event is one of the most basic human traits, and probably stems from our strong evolutionary preference for causality. But as evolution itself proves, this assumption is not always true.
point.
Despite these findings, I am convinced that no government in a western country has any interest in killing its own citizens to achieve some kind of propaganda effect. This is a particularly absurd thing. The purpose of any government is to protect its citizens. If this had been said about the Taliban, let's say but the US government?
It is indeed possible that a negligible amount of some material was stored in one or another warehouse, and it happened to be discovered among the millions of fragments. The idea in the publication itself proves that no one is trying to hide anything, in contrast to the supporters of conspiracy theories who think that everyone is hiding everything from them.
What is more ludicrous, that government officials with unlimited means brought down the twin towers, or that a few scoundrels with a Japanese knife?
I do not have an answer.
"The destruction of three skyscrapers in the World Trade Center complex... provided the primary motivation for a number of radical and costly changes in US foreign and homeland security policy. Due to these and other reasons, the complete and accurate understanding of the events that took place on this fateful day is extremely important."
Is it a scientific article about the remains of the twins or an analysis from a conspiratorial angle of US foreign policy? You can't be one and pretend to be the other.
Note also the trending inclusion of "Building 7" in the number of buildings that collapsed, a clear hint of the "mystery" that conspiracy supporters tried to concoct around its collapse. If you mention him, why do you put the number of skyscrapers that collapsed at 3 and not at 6-7? After all, many other buildings in the same complex collapsed as a result of the tremendous impact they received from the initial collision and the subsequent collapse, and there is no reason to distinguish them from building 7.
So let me disparage the research and the "online journal" in which it was published.
If it contains data of any value at all, it could be summed up as I understand it in the following sentence: In the largest urban collapse event in history that was not the result of a natural disaster or the use of explosives, unsurprisingly, among the millions of tons of debris, a number of materials whose origin is still unknown were found, further research is required before Jumping to unfounded conclusions.