The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded. Half of it was given to Professors Bruce Beutler and Jules Hoffman for the discovery of the innate immune system, and the other half to Prof. Ralph Steinman for the discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in the adaptation of the immune system
The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was divided, half of it was given to Professors Bruce Beutler and Jules Hoffmann for the discovery of the innate immune system, and the other half to Prof. Ralph Steinman for the discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in the adaptation of the immune system.
the innate immune system (Wikipedia) exists in the organism starting from birth, and in fact even before birth - during embryonic development. In general, this system is characterized by the fact that its various components act in a non-specific manner, meaning that each cell or molecule belonging to it acts against a wide variety of pathogens (disease-causing microorganisms), only on the basis of the distinction between "self" and "foreign". Also, the innate immune system has no immune memory.
dendritic cells (Wikipedia) (Dendritic cells, abbreviated: DC) are cells that belong to the immune system, whose main function is the ingestion of antigens originating from pathogens and the presentation of the antigens to lymphocytes, especially T cells.
Chicago native Bruce Beutler, 54, is a researcher at the Scripps Research Center in La Jolla, California. Jules Hoffmann was born in Luxembourg, 1941, and Steinman, born in Montreal, Canada (1943), is a researcher at Rockefeller University in New York.
In retrospect it was learned that Prof. Steinman passed away on Friday, September 30, four days before the announcement of the award.
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