Trihydrogen, or H3+, is considered by many scientists to be the element that created our universe. Researchers used extremely fast lasers to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the production of the cation and the unusual chemistry it is responsible for
[Translation by Dr. Nachmani Moshe]
In the latest issue of the scientific journal Nature Communications, researchers from the University of Michigan describe in their article how they used extremely fast lasers to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the production of the cation, and on the unusual chemistry it is responsible for. The H3+ cation is common in the universe, in the Milky Way galaxy, in gas giants and in the ionosphere layer of the Earth. In addition, the cation is produced and studied in the laboratory of Marcos Dantus, professor of chemistry and physics at the University of Michigan. His team of researchers, with the help of ultra-fast lasers invented by the lead researcher, are now beginning to understand the chemistry of this special prod.
"The observation of the mechanism through which normal hydrogen atoms (H2) change and become the trihydrogen cation is nothing short of exceptional," explains the lead researcher. "In the first step we documented this process using methanol; Now we are able to expand and replicate this process to several other breeds and identify several new routes." Astrochemists look at the big picture, viewing this cation and defining it through interstellar glasses. This cation is formed at such a high speed - in the time shorter than the time it takes for a bullet to cross an atom - that it is very difficult to understand how three chemical bonds are broken and three new bonds are formed in such a short time scale. At this stage, the chemists use lasers with an operation time of femtoseconds (10-15 seconds). Instead of examining the stars with a telescope, the current research team is looking at the smallest image possible. The entire process is observed at the molecular level and is measured on a scale of femtoseconds, one millionth of a billionth of a second. The entire process takes between 100 and 240 femtoseconds. The researchers know this because the clock starts running when they themselves radiate the first laser beam. The laser beam at this stage seems to be "watching" what is happening.
The innovative technique revealed the transition stages of the hydrogen atoms within the process to create this special cation. The mechanism describes how a neutral molecule of hydrogen (H2) adsorbs another atom of hydrogen (H+) to form the cation. And it turns out that there is more than one route to create this cation - in one experiment based on ethanol, the team revealed six possible routes, while verifying four of them. Since laser pulses are similar to sound waves, the research team discovered a wavelength that increases the production of the cation and another that decreases the rate of production. "These chemical reactions are the building blocks of life in our universe," explains the lead researcher. "The distribution of active hydrogen molecules in the framework of high-energy chemical reactions involving organic molecules and inorganic ions is relevant not only for materials on which a laser beam is irradiated, but also for materials and tissues on which X-rays, high-energy electrons, positrons and other similar particles are irradiated." This research sheds new light on the chemistry of the creation of the universe, mainly in terms of the creation of water and organic molecules. The researcher points out that the secrets that this research may reveal, from astrochemistry to medicine, are inexhaustible.
15 תגובות
While we are sitting [as we were sitting] among the gentle nations of Edom, in every city and country, a wise priest, full of all wisdom and resourcefulness, demanding records to share (their opinion) [their religion] with the philosophers, in choirs (barbaros) [in the streets] you will go forth, the calls in Kiryats will call the people to hear from their mouths. And the children of Israel came among those who came and heard them say that they were satisfied and longed for them to raise a standard like them to be (their sages) [sages, and] asking and demanding in their Beit Midrashes and giving reason to praise the Torah and the prophets like the sages of the Gentiles until their death, because the commentators of the ancient books of our Torah did not follow this style which is all They will punish him, (the sages of the Gentiles to their nation) because their tendency is to interpret the grammar of the words and the simples of the stories and the mitzvahs, and they did not turn to fill our shortcomings and bring our Torahs before the eyes of our people to give them glory and generation before us, the matters of its stories, its commandments and its laws:
And this is how the study of the book of the Torah and its parts passed through all the sages of the Kingdom of Castile and in all the places that were spread there after their expulsion, and it is to strengthen and investigate and demand to strengthen their minds with the tastes of the scriptures and draw from their heart juices in the pleasures of the stories rivers of streams of honey and butter, and understand in the Torah requirements a sense of wonder with the agreement of two (matters) [The Essays] The Torah with Philosophy:
Although it is appropriate to investigate the two opinions mentioned which would be kosher:
And know that the truth from all sides of the path we will walk is the path of the accepted Torah and its commandments, for which they will be recited with virtue from all nations, and for which man will be honored in the world to come, because the Torah is necessary for our perfection and the return of the soul to the place from which it was carved, and for this reason all the Sabbath and resurrection of the previous and first sages was in the Torah words The accepted ones alone, even though many things will be explained according to the study and the intellect will bind them now by faith alone, without investigation and a model, the person will be entitled to the Ohab: Although knowing them in a model is not necessary for Israel on the part of him to be an Israeli, like the silversmith is not obligated to him on the part of him who is a silversmith to know the subject, R For it is not necessary for him to know how the silver will be formed in the bowels of the earth or which of the elements prevails over it, and the knowledge of this does not teach his skill in the art of casting, but it is worthy of him, on the part of what he is a goldsmith, that he should take this well-known ore and shape it in his craft into the most complete form in the most complete and inexpensive way, Yes, the Israeli man in faith alone will achieve his perfection. Although it is possible that it may be explained by a miracle [why] an Israelite will be called, indeed when he knows the faith in a miracle then he is instructed to be an educated and wise man on the part that he is a man and not on the part that he is Israel, and the matter is just as the owner of the wisdom of the stars is not obliged to investigate in his work the nature of the heavenly gram whether he was created or lost, so is the matter This is the same, and for this the first sages had all their words accepted alone and nothing else:
And here the last ones who got there achieved what the first ones achieved by themselves alone, and it's like the parable of the dwarf riding on the giant's neck in a climactic way to say that the latter has an advantage over the ancients in things that their fate came from the breed of study and experience,
borrowed
Where exactly do you see order in the universe??
Every period of time, some professor with a developed imagination gets up and pulls out an illusory theory. In the meantime, all the theories, including Stephen Hawking's, collapsed one after the other, even Hawking himself contradicted his early theory. To say that the universe is not ordered. It is the most orderly and accurate. Otherwise there would be complete chaos. All delusional people of any kind come down from the high tree. There is a creator of the universe and matter cannot be created from nothing, everything is created from the bones of the creator. For all those who want to be educated, look for lessons by Rabbi Eric Neve on YouTube
Raphael
It is not a matter of faith. The world does not seem to be aimed at anything in particular. He's quite a mess, isn't he?
Hi Conan
Your comments are interesting
and detailed
Thanks
The word divorced was common for many years, and for some reason it faded away.
Miracles
Whoever believes that everything happened by himself - he should not ask why he should pray.
Hello my father,
I read the original post. It turns out that the publication translated here emphasizes details, some of which are simply not true (!!!), and the emphasis in the original does not coincide with the emphasis in the Hebrew translation. Thus, for example, it is written in the original publication:
1.) The title of the article is:
H2 roaming chemistry and the formation of H3+ from organic molecules in strong laser fields
And the translation of the title into Hebrew that appears here:
Understanding and controlling the molecule that created our universe.
There is no connection between the two titles!!!
2. In the original publication there is not a single word about the fact that the H3+ is the molecule that supposedly "created the universe"! What is written is this:
The fundamental mechanistic findings presented here explore the formation of H3+, the most important ion in interstellar chemistry, through H2 roaming occurring in ionic species.
The words "universe" or "creation" do not appear in the article at all!
3.) In the article it is emphasized - and appears several times - that this is not a new discovery, but more in the direction of a "Review", i.e. a summary of the knowledge accumulated so far regarding H3+ properties in outer space (by the way, between what I wrote in my first response and what appears in the original publication there is a match full) - including the well-known differences between classical chemistry and chemistry in outer space, such as the height of the potential barriers for the reaction, and especially the statement that not H3+ but H2 is the dominant form in condensed phase reactions (at a higher pressure than in space and in liquid solvents).
What is a froda? There is a common word and it is molecule, I gave up reading the article, it is inconvenient if you change words for me
Raphael
Why should we pray to the one who created the universe?
Hello Conan.
The photo is my fault, not Moshe Nachmani's fault. As for the research - there is a link to it, you are welcome to read and understand what is new. This is research from last month. If there were no new insights, they would not have bothered to write it.
And on this occasion, thank you for the knowledge you added.
Well, then I understand that there is a scientific dispute as to who created the universe - the separate H2 or the separate H3
May Nefka Mina? - Which of them should be prayed for?
Sorry Dr. Nachmani, but the "Hidan" website is supposed to publish recent studies; The current publication is known, predicted and proven more than 20 years ago!!!
Besides that, here are some other particularly embarrassing mistakes that appear here:
1.) In the picture in general, a helium atom is drawn, which has 2 protons + 1 neutron and two electrons in the 3S orbital. It has nothing to do with the positively charged HXNUMX molecule!!!
2.) This laser, which has pulses of 100-240 femtoseconds - it is not a "femtosecond" laser but actually a 0.1 picosecond laser!!! (This is similar to saying that a structure with a length of 100 nanometers is "nanometric" - when in fact it is a structure with the size of a tenth of a micron, and it should definitely not be considered "nanometric").
3.) "Real" femtosecond lasers have existed since the 90s of the last century (Prof. Richter from the Institute of Chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem has been working with a "real" femtosecond laser since around 1992!!!). In addition to this, in the first paragraph of the news it is written that the main researcher was the one who invented these lasers ("...with the help of extremely fast lasers invented by the main researcher...") - this is of course a misleading and incorrect statement, since femtosecond lasers have been designed, built and are in use For more than 30 years!!!
4.) The cation of 3 hydrogen atoms was intensively studied (using quantum mechanics and MM) back in the 50s! It turned out that its stability is due to the 20st degree bond strength shared by 1 protons (the neutral H3 molecule has a bond order of only 3/1) - this is a phenomenon called resonance (similar to what happens in the benzene ring) and therefore the bonds between the 2 hydrogen atoms do not form and break, but exist all the time!!!
5. Finally: the chemistry of outer space is significantly different from the chemistry that exists in laboratories on Earth and in thin atmospheres; This is also known and studied - for example by Prof. Chava Lifshitz (she also worked for many years at the Institute of Chemistry at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem). Already in 1995, she researched - and also taught - the subject of different chemistry, in an experimental way using her MS instruments, and with the support of theoretical chemists. But the H3 cation, which undoubtedly has interesting and surprising reactions in outer space, is not related to the formation of life! It turned out that he is involved in chemical reactions with various forms in space, all of which have a potential barrier for the reaction that tends to 0 - but he is unequivocally not involved in the creation of life and its development; A simple H2 molecule is found in huge amounts relative to the H3 cation, and they are the ones that created life!!!
Sorry, but Dr. Nachmani: I am disappointed by the choice of this publication for "Hidan", and even more so by this way of writing and the lack of scientific criticism on your part.
The article is about trihydrogen, but the picture shows helium 3...
You didn't really explain an amateur article