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the cell

Kidney cells expressing the isomo protein and in addition a fluorescent protein in the cell nucleus (in purple), adjacent to an egg expressing a fluorescent protein in the cell membrane (green) and staining the genetic material in blue.

Connection exercise - how is an embryo created?

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Researchers from the Technion in collaboration with the University of Tokyo reveal a new role for the IZUMO1 protein in the fusion process between sperm and egg
At the beginning of the process, the circular peptides bind to the ubiquitin chain; As a result, the DNA repair mechanism is damaged; And eventually the cancer cells undergo a process of cell death (apoptosis)

Researchers at the Technion discovered unique peptides with anti-cancer potential

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The research was led by researchers from two faculties at the Technion and their colleague from the University of Tokyo
Using artificial intelligence to unravel the mysteries of biology. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The artificial intelligence that deciphered biology

Researchers have developed an algorithm known as ART - Automated Recommendation Tool. Art received an enormous amount of information about the set of proteins in the cell, and as a result he could predict how changes in those proteins would affect the substances that the cell is supposed to create
Illustration image: selective capture of bacteria, their transport and electroporation (red fluorescent marker) using a Janus particle used as a mobile electrode under the application of an electric field. Prof. Gilad Yosiphon, Technion

Researchers at the Technion have developed a technology for introducing molecules into individual cells in an efficient and targeted manner

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The enzyme aminoacyl synthetase (in green) recognizes a tRNA molecule (brown) and attaches an amino acid to it. Correct identification of the molecule is made according to the areas shown here in red. The Technion researchers discovered that the enzyme also knows how to recognize another type of RNA molecule (mRNA). Moreover, the correct recognition of the mRNA depends on regions that are very similar to the recognition regions of tRNA (marked here in red). Credit: Prof. Yoav Araba, Technion

Researchers have discovered a sophisticated self-regulating mechanism that optimizes the process of building proteins in the body

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The dynamin coil in electron microscope images. Before the addition of GTP molecules that provide energy to the system, dynamin has the shape of a regular coil (a). After the GTP molecules are added, the angle of attachment of a protein changes, and the protein tilts and breaks into coiled-coil-shaped parts (b). Photo: Technion spokespeople

A group of researchers from the Technion deciphered the action of dynamin - a key protein in the process of absorbing food in the cell

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Assaf Rubinstein and Prof. Adi Kimchi. dual purpose. Photo: Weizmann Institute

Israel Prize in Life Sciences to Prof. Adi Kimchi from the Weizmann Institute, discoverer of the mechanism of programmed cell death

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The cellular "garbage collection" method. Illustration: Weizmann Institute

A new technology for mapping the breakdown products of proteins may lead to the development of new methods for diagnosing autoimmune diseases, cancer and degenerative brain diseases

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Illustration of the dual roles of caspase-3 - cell death and cell division - on the cover of Molecular Cell, courtesy of the journal

Researchers have uncovered the complex role of the caspase-3 protein in cancer * a way to a new therapeutic approach

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Illustration. Credit: Darryl Leja, NHGRI.

The cell's rule book

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Senescent cells (top) and normal cells (bottom) from the inner lining of a mouse lung, stained with colors that highlight the markers of aging (left) or the characteristics of the lining (right). Filmed with ImageStreamX technology. Source: Weizmann Institute magazine.

Inventory count of senescent cells

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The discovery will make it possible to treat a series of diseases that arise as a result of the accumulation of proteins in cells. Illustration: pixabay.

Researchers have identified a biological mechanism for breaking down protein clumps

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Illustration: pixabay.

When the genetic messenger discovers independence

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waves in the cell membrane. Source: From the study - Fronts and waves of actin polymerization in a bistability-based mechanism of circular dorsal ruffles.

Researchers shed new light on the movement of waves across cell membranes, which may affect cancer research and treatment

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Photomicrograph of senescent cells in a mouse - cells that "retire" and stop dividing, but do not die - are always present and even play some important roles in the body, for example in wound healing. But in aging organs, these cells are not eliminated at the proper rate, and can accumulate and damage Source: Y tambe, Wikimedia.

Get rid of old hair

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Dr. Sheral Fleishman

The new laws

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URSs, as mentioned, inhibit protein translation and may be fatal to the cell and the entire organism. The right part of the diagram shows their "damage mechanism", and the left part of the diagram shows a normal and normal process in the absence of URSs. Above: The genetic information, which encodes the sequence of amino acids, reaches the ribosome with the help of a molecule called mRNA. Amino acids (colored circles) join into a sequence and the new protein is pushed out of the exit channel of the ribosome. On the left side we see a normal sequence that creates normal proteins, while on the right side the row of amino acids contains the strong URS CMYW (in E. coli bacteria), which inhibits the protein on its way out and thus prevents the translation of additional proteins. In the middle: on the left side the proteins are organized in normal clusters, while on the right side - under the influence of the URS - less normal proteins are translated and damaged proteins are formed that were not translated to the end. Below: E. coli cells grow on plates in the presence (+) or absence (-) of IPTG - a substance that causes protein translation. On the left, i.e. on the normal side where the translated protein (+) does not contain URS, the number of bacterial colonies is the same as the number of bacterial colonies that grew without a translation command (-). On the right, on the disrupted side where the translated protein contains a URS (+), the number of colonies is much smaller than the number of colonies grown without the translation command (-).

Molecular evolution eliminates lethal sequences

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Prof. Menachem Rubinstein and research student Efrat Devash. Photo: Weizmann Institute

both

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An integrin is a transmembrane protein that is sensitive to signals received both from inside the cell and from its external environment. In its outer part it includes a binding site consisting of a sequence of three defined amino acids. In its internal part it includes a link to a material called Talin. In this way, the protein communicates between the inside of the cell and its external environment. Illustration: from Wikipedia

Integrin clusters are the universal units for cell adhesion

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Illustration depicting the behavior of a drop of water in oil within an electric field. [Courtesy: COPYRIGHT (C) 2015 TOYOHASHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED]

An innovative method of introducing genes into cells

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The structure of the enzyme Diacylglycerol kinase as determined at the particle accelerator at Stanford University. [Courtesy: The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University]

Scientists have revealed the detailed structure of the enzyme diacylglycerol kinase

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In the framework of the 'rotational model', a ligand that binds to the extracellular part of the receptor causes the internal part of the receptor to rotate within the cell membrane, thus essentially regulating the activity inside the cell. In the process, the structural flexibility of the receptors also changes. [Courtesy of Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, OIST]

A new mechanism for receptor activation

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A microscope image showing the two new strains of bacteria that were forced to cooperate together to obtain a multicellular result. [Courtesy: Bennett's Lab]

Development of an integrated circuit from bacteria

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Cutting and repairing a damaged base. Illustration: Nobel Prize website

Thomas Lindahl, one of the winners of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: "Life exists - therefore DNA must be repairable" (part 1)

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The process of repair through nucleotide excision that earned its discoverers the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2015. From the Nobel Prize website

Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discoverers of DNA repair mechanisms

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