This is what Prof. Lisa Randall, a physicist from Harvard University, said at the Science in the age of experience event organized by Dassault Systèmes in Boston
"In order to understand the universe, we need a simulation from the smallest scale to the entire visible universe." This is what Prof. Lisa Randall, a physicist from Harvard University and a world expert in the field of simulation, said at the Science in the age of experience event, held by Dassault Systèmes in Boston. The conference is designed to present 3Dexperience systems that contain a simulation component to decision makers of science-biased companies. The event took place in the building of the Harvard University Medical School. The two largest prestigious universities in Boston, Harvard and MIT, like many other universities in the world use the 3Dexperience tool.
According to Prof. Randall, physicists use simulation a lot to understand what is happening in dimensions that cannot be observed directly. "Nature operates on different scales, but the effect between them is mutual. It is especially important for us to understand how what happens on the smallest scale affects what we see in the world on a human scale, and of course on all orders of magnitude up to the entire visible universe. It is impossible to describe the ceiling without understanding the floor. If we look closely at the Eiffel Tower we will see the steel and the nails that make it up. We will go too far, into space - we will not see it at all."
From the human to the quantum particle
"On the human scale, our intuition is guided by what we observe, as is the case with physical theories. Our sense of sight operates in the visible light range of the spectrum and is able to detect objects from a scale of a millimeter to a kilometer. However, the physical universe includes a much larger range of scales. If we go down - the scale down to the size of a nanometer is controlled by classical mechanics. On this scale, the diameter of a red blood cell is about 7 microns (ten to the minus 6 power), the diameter of the DNA molecule is 2 nanometers (10 nanometers to the minus 9 power). "
When you go further down, you enter the realm where quantum mechanics rules. The diameter of the hydrogen nucleus is 5 picometers (ten to the minus 12th power of a meter), the diameter of its alttron is 2 picometers, the light quark has a diameter of 0.1 picometers and the top quark is 10 attometers (atometer - 10 to the minus 18th power). The measurements of the particles produced by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are about 10 to the power of minus 19 meters.
"Beyond this area there are 16 orders of magnitude that science does not know what is in them. The theories hold that in an area of 10 to the power of minus 32 meters all the forces of nature come together, and at some point we move to what is called quantum gravity - an area where space and time disintegrate and we may have a foam of space time."
From man to the visible universe
Prof. Randall says that we also need to investigate the big things. The scale of the earth's diameter is 10 to the power of 7 m, the sun - 10 to the power of 9 m, the orbit of the earth - 10 to the power of 11 m, and the size of the solar system is 10 to the power of 13 m. The diameter of the Milky Way galaxy reaches 10 to the power of 20 m, and here we leave the subgalactic scale and move to cosmological scales, when the diameter of the universe when the cosmic background radiation was created was 10 to the power of 24 m and today we can only study the visible universe, whose diameter is 10 to the power of 27 m.
"But the universe we can see is still far from complete. When we observe a galaxy we see that it contains visible matter, but also dark matter that we cannot see, but whose gravity still has an effect. We are still looking for what that dark matter is. This has foundations in the basic structure of the universe."
In the video she presented, Prof. Randall showed a simulation of the formation of a galaxy due to a disturbance in the basic structure of the universe and its development over time, meaning that one of the largest structures in the universe was created as a result of a disturbance in a very small area. "We use the observations of the Gaia satellite, which observes a billion stars in the Milky Way. We will receive a lot of information from him, which will help us improve the models and simulations.
"Through the theories and observations we can even learn about hidden dimensions. In recent years, we can observe gravitational waves and learn about a new dimension of , which we did not know before."
The application in everyday life
The general public really likes space news, but many question whether it has any practical implications or if it's worth giving the money to the poor. The best known example is the use of quantum mechanics to build the GPS systems that we all use. Randall gave more examples.
"Pure science leads to progress, but we don't always know what standards to look for or when to start. The challenges - understanding our universe, and more practical applications - research in the field of energy and climate, improving the quality of life and product innovation.
"An example of this - the discovery of graphene in 2005 by Geim and Novoslov, who received the Nobel Prize in 2010, which today finds many uses, and another refinement - placing two adjacent graphene surfaces at a small tilt creates systems with completely different properties.
More of the topic in Hayadan:
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Yosef
Interesting that you bothered to point that out...
Her photo does not reflect her current appearance. It is sad that Harvard also came to the conclusion that appearance is more important than content
Absolute nonsense
I am sorry to read such comments to the article. poor quality.
The article is fascinating and indeed all these problems have been known for many years, and it is nice to read and remember that they exist from time to time only to dwarf the problems of our existence as individuals.
The Rael movement, which is based on a meeting with a journalist and an amateur racing driver named Claude Valerion, who was called Ral - who met with a representative of the creators who created man through genetic engineering - received a message that sounded delusional - the creators (God - those who came from heaven) - succeeded in proving scientifically that the universe is Not only holographic, but fractal, which means that every particle, even the smallest, contains the entire universe - which is actually infinite, which extends without any limit, and from this it follows that there are two orders of magnitude in total, the large infinity and the small infinity - every place is everywhere - one inside the other to infinity in both directions This means that we are made up of a huge number of infinite universes and we are also a quantum building block of the entire universe in the body of a being in the other universe
I have an opinion about the abundant dark matter in the universe, as follows: Outer space is not really space, because it is full of the dark emissions of the matter emitted by dead stars that explode and shed about half of their own. The dark matter can be seen on clear nights when it penetrates the Earth's atmosphere and ignites due to the friction with the air, commonly called shooting stars. Since countless active stars died and emitted matter into space, therefore space is only a very partial space.