Now it is certain - the Earth is warming, states the UN panel on climate change

 The largest scientific committee that has carried out a global assessment of climate change in the last six years has concluded that the changes in the atmosphere, oceans, glaciers and ice caps clearly indicate that the Earth is warming

The UN Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), currently meeting in Paris, has issued its most severe warning so far, according to which the actions of humans are giving their signals on the earth with a very high probability (of at least nine out of ten for the correctness of the hypothesis) and therefore it is accelerating governments around the world Take preventive measures against global warming. This level of certainty is much higher than that calculated for the climate conference in 2001, where the IPCC delivered its previous major report.

Today's report, the first of the four volumes to be published during the year by the IPCC, also confirms that the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) since 1750 is the result of human activity.

A higher level of warming is due to emissions of particles and other aerosols that have not eliminated the effect of the greenhouse roofs, mainly through the reflection of sunlight into space.

The report was written over three years and is based on an in-depth examination of recent scientific literature that has undergone peer review from all over the world. It describes an accelerated transition to a warmer world where average temperatures are higher and there are far more heat waves, new wind patterns, worsening drought events in some areas, and heavy precipitation elsewhere, melting glaciers and ice caps in the Arctic Ocean, and rising sea levels. For the first time, the report provides evidence that the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets are gradually losing ice mass and contributing to sea level rise.

The IPCC report represents the most rigorous and complete assessment possible of the latest research in the field of climate science and its authors have taken pains to reduce the uncertainties of the 2001 report, says Michel Jarrod, Secretary General of the World Meteorological Organization (MWO). Advances in weather and climate observations and measurements are key to improving climate forecasting, with each country's forecasting and hydrological services playing an important role.

 Below are the main conclusions from the report

* If the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere doubles in relation to the level before the industrial era, this will certainly cause a warming of about 3 degrees on average (range of 2-4.5 degrees). For the first time, the IPCC provided an assessment of the expected warming as a result of a specific increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases that will occur during the 21st century, along with a confidence interval based on comprehensive models.

 * The greenhouse gas level of 650 parts per million could warm the earth by 3.6 degrees while a level of 750 parts per million could lead to a warming of 4.3 degrees. A thousand particles will raise the temperature to 5.5 degrees and 1,200 particles to 6.3 degrees. Future greenhouse gas concentrations are difficult to predict and depend on economic growth, the development of new technologies, policies and other factors.

 * The average temperature of the surface increased by 0.74 degrees during a hundred years (1906-2005). This figure is higher than the estimate made in 2001 of an increase of 0.6 degrees in a century. This is due to the sequence of warm years recorded since then. 11 of the last 12 years are on the list of the 12 warmest years since records began in 1850. An increase of 2 degrees Celsius is predicted for each of the next two decades.

* The best estimate for the rise in sea level due to the expansion of the oceans and the melting of the glaciers until the end of the century, compared to the average of the decade 1989-1999 has been reduced to a range of 28-58 centimeters, compared to an estimate of 9-88 centimeters in the 2001 report, due to improvements in the understanding of the subject. However, high values ​​of up to 1 meter by the year 2100 can still be considered, if the ice cover continues to melt as the temperature rises. The last time the polar regions were warmer than today was 125 thousand years ago. A reduction in the volume of the polar ice caused the sea water to rise by 4-6 meters.

* Sea ice is expected to shrink in both the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Large areas of the Arctic Ocean could lose their ice cover by the end of the 21st century if human emissions continue at current rates. The ice cover has already shrunk by 2.7% per decade since 1978, with the summer minimum dropping by about 7.4% per decade.

* The snow cover has also decreased in most areas, especially in the spring. The maximum cover of ground cover in winter and spring has dropped by about 7% in the Northern Hemisphere since the middle of the 20th century. The average number of freezing days for rivers and lakes in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 150 years has dropped by 5.8 days per century, while the ice breakup day has advanced by 6.5 days per century.

* It is very likely that the rate of precipitation will increase in the high latitudes and decrease in most of the subtropical areas. The precipitation pattern will continue to change in the same direction seen in the 20th century.

* It is likely that the upward trend in extreme temperatures and heat waves will continue. The duration and intensity of drought events has increased over extensive decades since the seventies of the 20th century, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. The Sahel region, the Middle East, South Africa and parts of South Asia have already become drier during the 20th century.

* The proportion of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere today is higher than in the entire pre-industrial period up to 650 thousand years ago. As mentioned above, carbon dioxide concentrations have already risen from their pre-industrial levels - 280 parts per million to 379 parts per million in 2005, while the correlation concentration rose from 715 parts per billion to 1,774 parts per billion in 2005.

* A large number of uncertainties have been resolved. The temperature records of the lower atmosphere from satellite measurements agree with the ground records. Among the uncertainties that have not yet been resolved are the role of the clouds, the cryosphere (the glaciers and ice caps), the oceans, the reduction of forests and other changes in the land cover, and the relationship between the climate and the biological cycles is still unclear.

* More than a million deaths are expected as a result of global warming and billions of dollars in damages by 2100.

 The next ten years are critical

Boaz Dayan, website editor The weather in Israel Adds that the next decade is critical when it comes to global warming.

Scientists from Brittany recently published findings regarding global warming in which thousands of scientists participated in which they warn against extreme changes in the climate in the coming decade. The next 10 years are critical, as said by Richard Bates, the head of the British research team. In the coming century, we will have to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Another Australian scientist claims "it is not too late" and we can reduce greenhouse gases. If we do not do this, the task will be reversed make it much more difficult. The situation is very serious and we could find ourselves in a completely different world in about 100 years.

Global warming is affected by human actions according to several scientists. Human activity since 1750 (the industrial revolution) is one of the reasons for the accelerated warming of the world. The scientists expressed concern that the coming decade is critical in regards to global warming and may reach the point of no return.

Data so far shows that the last decade 1996-2006 is the warmest in the last thousand years. The year 1998, in which a strong El Niño situation prevailed, was the hottest year since regular measurements began in 1850. The year 2005 immediately followed, and the year 2006 ended as the hottest in the US since 1895. The forecast recently issued by the British Meteorological Service indicates that the year 2007 may become the hottest in history (since 1850).

to the press release of the International Meteorological Union