These are Paolo de Bernardis, Andrew Lang and Paul Richards, the other winners of the 2009 Dan Dodd Prize: former British Prime Minister Tony Blair will be the winner in the present time dimension and Robert Gallo, the active AIDS researcher in the field of global public health is the winner in the future time dimension
The Dan David Prize Council announced today the winners of the 2009 Dan David Prize. Paolo DeBernardis, Andrew Lang and Paul Richards, will jointly receive one million dollars, for their contribution, in the past dimension, astrophysics - the history of the universe; Tony Blair, for his contribution in the present time dimension, in the field of leadership; Robert Gallo for his contribution in the future time dimension, in the field of global public health. The Dan David Prize for 2009 will be awarded to the winners in a festive ceremony to be held on May 17 at Tel Aviv University, in the presence of the President of the State of Israel, Shimon Peres.
The Dan David Prize, an international prize in the amount of 3 million dollars, the result of a joint initiative of the Dan David Foundation and Tel Aviv University, has been awarded since 2002 to individuals and institutions with outstanding and unique achievements and a proven contribution to humanity - in the natural sciences, art, humanities, business or public service, Without discrimination of any kind, in each of the time dimensions: past, present and future (one million dollars for each time dimension).
The president of Tel Aviv University and the chairman of the Dan David Prize board, Professor Zvi Galil, noted that "the excellent work of this year's prize winners indicates the dynamism and constant development of human knowledge, and the importance of comprehensive support for innovation that characterizes many fields. The judging committees successfully identified the important leaders and innovators in their fields."
The universe has a flat geometry
The Dan David Award for 2009 in the dimension of the past was given as mentioned to Paulo de Bernardis, Paul Richards and Andrew Lang. Reasons from the jury: "Paulo de Bernardis, Paul Richards and Andrew Lang won the 2009 Dan David Prize for their fundamental discoveries in the study of the geometry of the universe and its composition thanks to their experiments BOOMERanG and maxima. The findings of the experiments published in 2000 provided the first agreed proof that the universe has a flat geometry."
"Paulo de Bernardis is a professor of physics at LA SAPEINZA University in Rome, Italy.
Prof. de Bernardis was a member of the European Space Agency's Astronomical Research Committee. He served as a referee for the Astrophysical Journal, Astronomy and Astrophysics and Nature. In addition, Prof. de Bernardis is the editor of The Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Italiana and of Memorie Della Societa Astonomica Italiana. Among Prof. de Bernardis' awards are the BALZAN prize for observational astronomy and astrophysics and the PREMIO FELETRINELLI prize of the Lynchey Academy."
"Andrew Lang is a professor of physics at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences, and a member of the American Physical Society. Among the awards he won, you can find the BALZAN PRIZE for observational astronomy and astrophysics, a member of the LEVERHULME Foundation in Cardiff, Wales and Scientist of the Year in California (joint award)."
"Paul Richards is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Physics at the University of California, Berkeley.
He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences and Arts, the American Physical Society and the PHI BETA KAPPA Society. Prof. Richards' awards include, among others, the FRANK ISAKSON Award for Optical Effects in Solids, the BUTTON Medal for my contribution to the science of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the Ministry of Energy Award in Solid State Physics for outstanding scientific achievement."
"The 2009 Dan David Prize is awarded to Paolo de Bernardis, Andrew Lang and Paul Richards in the field of astrophysics - the history of the universe for their outstanding contribution to the field."
Dan David Prize for the year 2009 in the dimension of the present - Tony Blair
From the reasons of the jury: Antoni C.L. Blair, the former Prime Minister of Great Britain, is one of the most prominent statesmen of our time. From the moment he took office as leader of the British Labor Party in 1994 until his resignation as Prime Minister in 2007, Blair demonstrated extraordinary intelligence and vision, as well as ethics and leadership. Blair managed to lead a weak and collapsing party to power in 1997 and thanks to a practical approach, strong faith and personal charisma began a period of wonderful economic and cultural growth. He helped broker an agreement between Unionists and Republicans in Northern Ireland; He designed, against all odds, the policy that ended the crisis in Kosovo and was one of the architects that brought about a change in Britain's position in the EEC (European Economic Community). It was the crisis in Kosovo that made Tony Blair an international leader thanks to his firm determination and courageous moral leadership.
Tony Blair always knew how to ask the important questions and felt deeply about the nature of the world in the 21st century.
After his resignation as Prime Minister, Tony Blair was appointed the representative of the Quartet for Middle East affairs as the envoy of the United Nations, the European Union, Russia and the United States. Its purpose is to implement the international community's decision that the only thing that will bring stability and peace in the Middle East is a bi-national solution. The 2009 Dan David Award was given to Tony Blair for his exceptional leadership.
Dan David Award for 2009 in the dimension of the future - Robert Gallo
From the reasons of the jury: "Dr. Robert S. Gallo is the director of the Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland in Baltimore, Maryland."
"From the beginning, Gallo wanted to establish the importance of retroviruses in human diseases. He was widely recognized for three outstanding achievements. The first, the discovery and identification of interleukin-2, an important and essential factor necessary for the growth and preservation in culture of T-lymphocytes (the surrogate cells for the human immunodeficiency virus - HIV). The ability to grow these lymphocytes in culture makes it possible to grow large amounts of HIV in hundreds of laboratories around the world and thus contributes greatly to the understanding of the virus, its variability, as well as its epidemiology and immunology.
His second achievement is his contribution to understanding the roles of the HTLV1 and HTLV2 viruses found in human T-cell leukemia. Gallo showed that these viruses, originally discovered in Japan, were the cause of this leukemia and thus proved that cancer in humans could be caused by retroviruses.
Gallo's third achievement, and his most important contribution to global public health, is his role in developing a simple blood test for the AIDS virus. The blood test quickly became a worldwide tool, thus ensuring that blood donations would be free from contamination with the AIDS virus and helping to identify healthy carriers of the HIV virus. This test also made it possible to take measures in the field of public health in order to reduce the risk of transmitting the HIV virus through sexual relations. Curbing the spread of this worldwide disease would not have been possible without the blood test and its importance for public health cannot be overstated.
For 25 years of research work, Dr. Gallo was recognized by the international community.
He is a member of the American National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences and respected organizations all over the world. Dr. Gallo has 26 honorary doctorates. Among them, degrees from the University of Athens, Tel Aviv, Hamburg, Buenos Aires, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.
Dr. Gallo has won many awards, including 2 Lascar Awards, the Charles S. Cancer Research Award. A rod from General Motors, the Otto Hertz Cancer Research Award (Tel Aviv University), the Japan Award, the Prince Estorles Foundation Award, the Rabbi Shai Shaknai Award (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstadter Award (Frankfurt, Germany), the World Health Award presented by Michael Gorbachev (Vienna, Austria) and the CAIR Science Institute Award by Dr. Tobi Komt-Wallerstein (Bar Ilan University).
The Dan David Future Dimension Award for 2009 was given to Robert S. Gallo for his outstanding contribution in the field of global public health.
Upon announcing the names of the winners, Dan David said: "In the past dimension, we chose three scientists who lit the way to understanding the structure of the universe, in the present dimension, a great leader was chosen who took it upon himself to navigate processes to find solutions to international conflicts, and in the future dimension, a scientist was chosen whose research and results caused the spread of a worldwide disease to be curbed. The HIV".
The Dan David Award is administered by Tel Aviv University, the president of the university, Professor Zvi Galil, serves as the chairman of the award board. The final winners of the Dan David Prize for 2009 are examined by independent review committees, composed of distinguished members of the academic community (some of them Nobel laureates) and the international business community. The winners are chosen by the members of the award board from the list of candidates.
With the intention of influencing the next generation of leaders, the Dan David Prize is also addressed to high school students in Israel, through an essay contest on the topic "Who is your hero?" In their essays, the students submit ideas regarding candidates and fields worthy of the Dan David Prize, and the writers of the selected essays participate in an advanced writing workshop at Tel Aviv University. Students are also awarded three first prizes of 10,000 NIS each, and six second prizes of 5,000 NIS each. The board of the prize takes into account the essays of the winning students when choosing the fields of the prize for the coming year.
Scholarships for young researchers
Ten scholarships of $15 each are awarded this year to outstanding doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows from universities around the world, and ten additional scholarships are awarded to outstanding doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows from Tel Aviv University, thus the recipients of the award contribute a total of 10% of the financial winnings to support a new generation of scientists and spirit The recipients of the scholarships join the Internet forum of the recipients of the Dan David Prize scholarships, which serves as a platform for discussions and consultations on the research topics that occupy them.
23 תגובות
Kobe:
You are right - the whole world is one big conspiracy and of course millions of Africans who die from the drugs even though they don't get to receive them are part of it.
Has any of these psychics ever shown that they really believe in their own words - for example by deliberately injecting themselves with the blood of an AIDS patient? Of course not (because if they did we would be freed from their sins and your nonsense)
Idiots in the juice. HIV does nothing? Come on, you might as well shoot yourself with a gun and that won't do anything either.
It's just a shame that leaders like Tabu Ambaki and the Pope listen to such Ahithophel's advice.
Type in Google:
jon rapport aids inc
And you will get very interesting information about Gallo from the virus detector.
Yes they did
prof duesberg hiv virus
And you will get very important information.
Enough with this dark stuff, come on. And the sun turns the sun because it is the one that moves!
Scientists had no way to explain this, so they made the simplest and most obscure assumption (in my opinion) that can be made - that there is... dark matter! And he has… guess what! Dark power!
There are more logical explanations in the wave theory, I would suggest you go over it a little.
Yaron:
Everything related to logic is lost for you.
That's why I'm proud to be considered a lost cause in your eyes.
You are indeed a lost cause…
Yaron:
You provide me with more and more information about yourself and if I said before that reading comprehension does not work for you, now I can expand and say that your reading comprehension is at the level of real expertise.
To Michael R. (formerly Michael):
If you don't even understand that the sentence you wrote is syntactically impossible then it's really a shame to waste more words on you. You are a lost cause.
Yaron:
It turns out that even reading comprehension doesn't work for you.
When something "really meets a certain standard" as it "successfully passes the exam" (is the experience familiar to you?) it meets "E" and not "A".
All the rest of your words are nonsense and I won't go into the only kind of argument you probably know how to have where one says "yes" and the other "no" according to the turn.
To Michael R. (formerly Michael):
First of all, you write with A and not with A
B. The definition of the term "accurate enough" is clear and does not require further explanations for a normal person.
third. Regarding the geodetic lines, contrary to your claim, I actually wrote a reasoning
Yaron:
You are wrong and you have not explained anything either.
You said that the distance is known accurately enough, but you couldn't even explain what you call "accurate enough" and how you conclude that our knowledge of the distance really meets this standard.
Also regarding the geodetic lines, all you did was release a false statement without any justification.
This is what is called "Wahd Hasbar!"
You cannot explain one more time simply because you have no explanation and I do not blame you for that - there can be no explanation for false claims.
Beyond that, if you read the studies you would see that they say exactly what I said.
To Michael R. (formerly Michael):
You're wrong, and since I explained why once I can't do it again.
Yaron:
The distances are not known to a sufficiently precise degree and I don't know what you think is sufficient detail? I won't elaborate on that because your second comment shows that you don't even begin to understand the issue.
The degree of concavity/convexity of the space at any point is determined according to the angles measured there and not according to measurements we make on imaginary lines in the space which is not the real physical space but rather a Euclidean expansion of the space as it appears in our reference system.
I already explained it before, so I'm afraid the current explanation won't help either, but I can't do more than that.
I hope that A. Ben-Ner did understand my words (and I conclude that this is the case from the fact that after my previous explanation he did not ask any more).
To Michael R. (formerly Michael):
A. We know the distance between the earth and the stars in a sufficiently precise way, and therefore we can know the length of the side.
B. It is not necessary for the lines to be true straight (geodetic), it is absolutely fine for them to curve a little if there is gravitation from a black hole in the middle between the Earth and the measured planet. A mathematical calculation can be made that will correct this distortion so that the result is accurate and true to reality.
A. Ben-Ner:
First of all - the method I mentioned is the method used in the research - this is not my speculation, so if you really think there are problems with it, you should contact the award recipients and their donors.
Besides, deal with the fact that the geometry is different from place to place by taking multiple measurements. There are statistics here that are based on a lot of data and here we are also talking about average geometry. In general - the whole question deals with averages from the beginning because you don't have to go far to know that at the local level the geometry is not flat near any mass.
Because of the fact that these are statistics - this is also about an error range and a 68% probability, remember? (By the way - where did you think I got this figure if not from the study itself? Would I have just sucked it off my finger?)
Your claim about the average when measuring angles from here is simply wrong. There is no finer way to say it.
I also explained why it is wrong.
I explained that you don't know the lengths of the sides in the triangle because you don't know the distances of the stars accurately and I also explained that those straight lines you draw in your imagination between the stars do not represent real straight lines (geodetic lines) in space.
To understand how big the error is, think of two stars on either side of a black hole.
Whether you know there is a black hole there or not - you have no problem drawing an imaginary straight line between the two stars on the image you see in the telescope. Line Z has nothing to do with reality.
To Michael R. (formerly Michael)
Two problems with the method you mentioned:
A. If the geometry of the space is different in the regions
different parts of the universe, so how can one calculate the energy density in a space whose geometry is unknown?
Agav, it is quite clear that in different regions of the universe the geometry is different. For example in the area of galaxy clusters
Compared to areas empty of material.
B. A practical problem. Is it practical to test the mass-energy density in the universe, in a cosmological KM,
directly and get reliable results? After all, any number of measurements and tests that will be done, however many they may be, are a small and negligible amount in relation to the size of the volume measured in cosmological km.
On the other hand, testing the angles of the triangle between 3 distant celestial bodies, minimizes the disturbances and deviations caused by the changes in the geometry of the space between the measured celestial bodies.
Aryeh and A. Ben-Ner:
The process of drawing the conclusions here is the opposite of the one described by A. Ben-Ner.
The story with the sum of the angles of the triangle is only true in the local coordinate system. When we measure the angles as they appear to us, we also draw the triangle as it appears to us, and what we draw as a straight line across the image of the sky is not necessarily a geodetic route in the local geometry.
Beyond that - we don't know the exact distance to the stars, so we can't even draw such a triangle accurately.
Therefore what happens is exactly the opposite:
Measure the density distribution of the mass and energy in the universe and check if this density is uniform (because the geometry can change from place to place if the universe is not isotropic) and what is its size in relation to the critical density which, according to the equations of the theory of relativity, determines whether the geometry is flat or concave (in a monkey - because we would not describe geometry as ugly for a place 🙂 ), or convex.
See, for example, here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_density
From the set of data collected in the studies described, it emerged that the universe is indeed isotropic (its mass+energy density is more or less uniform) and that its mass+energy density is around the critical density.
If we call the energy mass density omega and choose the units so that the critical density is one, then what emerged from the research is that omega is between 0.85 and 1.25 with a probability of 68%.
Thanks to all the "illuminators".
And yet the chance that the universe will be exactly exactly flat is zero, meaning we don't know if the universe is spherical or hyperboloid.
A. Ben-Ner - about the method for diagnosing the geometry of the universe I can say - how did I not think of it myself; Although it seems to me that this is not the method in question in the reported study. I think your last conclusion is wrong. I believe that the geometry of the universe has nothing to do with the degree of homogeneity of the mass/energy distribution in the universe. What matters is the density and in any geometry there can be homogeneity.
And the question that intrigues me the most remains open - does the dark energy that accelerates the expansion affect the geometry.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BOOMERanG
Larya, you are welcome to join the interview with them in May.
to Arya Seter
The little I've heard about space-time curvature in KNM
cosmic I understand that the curvature of the cosmic space-time is tested by measuring the angles between three
Distant celestial bodies in cosmological KM.
If the sum of the angles of the triangle is 180 degrees, the universe is flat. If the sum of the angles is greater than or less than 180 m, then the universe is convex respectively. The thing is similar
For the sum of the angles in a triangle on a sphere or a bowl.
On a sphere the sum of the angles of the triangle is greater than 180 m.
On a bowl - smaller than 180 m.
From the theory of general relativity it is known that mass (= energy density) curves space. Therefore, the trivial conclusion I draw, with all caution and modesty, from the flatness of the universe is that, in cosmological terms, the density of matter (= energy density) according to the universe is more or less equal. The universe is
Homogeneous, on a large scale, and is (probably) much larger than the so-called "visible universe".
lion:
If I may? I always like to read your questioning comments that stimulate our geometric/imaginative tone to test all kinds of basic assumptions.
Gentlemen will teach me.
For the first time and probably belatedly I learned that there is support for the universe having a flat geometry. If we ignore the dark energy that accelerates the expansion of the universe, then a flat geometry is exactly the balance point between a spherical geometry where the universe stops expanding and then it returns and collapses, and a hyperbolic geometry - in the shape of a saddle where the universe continues to expand forever. That is, in the flat universe the expansion practically stops, although it continues at a rate that tends to zero.
Is what I said above true?
And what effect, if any, does the fact that dark energy accelerates expansion have on the geometry of the universe?
And what are the findings that support a flat universe?