The number of known planets increases at once from 1,077 to 1,792 * Before the current announcement, 246 planets were already confirmed according to Kepler observations and now this number is almost a quarter
Years ago, before the launch of NASA's Kepler spacecraft, there were astronomers who feared that the spacecraft, whose role was to locate planets outside the solar system, would not discover even one. Even before yesterday's announcement, the number of planets discovered by this spacecraft alone was 246 (and it is not the only one in the field). The latest discoveries almost quadruple this number.
Kepler was launched in 2009 at a cost of $400 million, but May 2013, After several malfunctions in his stabilization system, NASA announced the termination of the operation. At the same time, 132 planets discovered by this space telescope were confirmed. However, the data he collected continues to be used by astronomers for the process of testing and confirming over 2,000 candidates for planets.
Kepler observed the small dimming of starlight caused by the passage of planets in front of their sun. Each decrease in the star's brightness attracted the attention of the Kepler team, making the star a candidate for the center of a planetary system. The verification of candidates is an arduous process, progressing slowly planet by planet.
Now, co-director of the team of researchers Jack Lissauer at NASA's Ames Research Center says he has discovered a way to speed up the approval process.
"We developed procedures to verify many planet candidates at once to provide a 'planetary wholesale' and used it to uncover the bonanza of new worlds," Lisor said.
The technique is called "multiple verification" which relies in part on probability theory. Of the 160 stars monitored by Kepler, several thousand were candidates for planets, but not all candidates were equal, some of them, a few hundred, were candidates for having more than one planet. By focusing on these dense systems, the team discovered 715 planets orbiting 305 suns.
A NASA video explores 715 worlds newly confirmed by the Kepler team.
- More of the topic in Hayadan:
- The European Space Agency will launch a more powerful telescope to discover planets - Plato
- One planet - two suns, and it's not Tatooine
- Far from the Sun: Discovery of a Planet Challenges Scientific Conventions
The breeding method is similar to the behavior of lions and lionesses. Assuming Kepler's stars are like lions, and the planets are like lionesses. If you see two big cats they could be a pair of lion and lioness or two lions. However, if you observe a group with more than two of them, it is highly probable that it is a lion and a lion, and thus through multiples, it will be possible to identify the lionesses - or the planets in this case.
As a result of using this method, all new planets are in multi-planet solar systems. Almost 95% of them are smaller than Neptune, meaning they have a mass of less than 4 times that of Earth. This is a significant increase in the number of known relatively small planets.
"This study shows us that planets in solar systems with more than one planet tend to have small and flat orbits, similar to the inner planets of the solar system," says Jason Rowe, co-author of the study from the STE Institute.
Four of the new planets are less than two and a half times the size of Earth. Moreover, they orbit their suns in the habitable zone, where the surface temperature of the planets is suitable for liquid water, an important component of life as we know it. "The more we discover" concludes Rav, we find more familiar signs of ourselves among the stars that remind us of home.
For information on the NASA website
18 תגובות
A. Ben Ner
What you write is really strange. The center of gravity has no movement, because if it has movement - movement relative to what?
I completely agree with the rest.
It's hard to think of a giant cloud that doesn't have some sort of total angular momentum. The initial angular momentum can come from a variety of reasons such as the passage of an object near the cloud, a lateral collision of two dense regions in the cloud, effects of the rotational motion of the galaxy and more. We must not forget that the size of the cloud is of the order of light years.
When it contracts the angular momentum is preserved and since it contracts by a factor of 10000 the speed of rotation increases 10000 times and you get a cloud with considerable self-rotation.
In the collapsing cloud there is internal friction that slows down all movements except for the rotational movement since internal friction cannot change the total angular momentum and a rotating disk remains.
There is also the effect of the magnetic field of the parent star in the center which affects the charged particles (even if most of the atoms there are neutral there will always be some concentration of ions) in the disk and transfers part of the angular momentum of the parent star to the disk which further strengthens the structure.
Since the planets are formed from a flat disk, the planes of their orbits will be close to each other and to the original disk plane, and by the way, in the solar system, the planes of the plane are inclined up to 10 degrees, which is noticeable and would have hindered finding some of the planets if the solar system had been scanned with the Kepler satellite technique. The solar systems found by Kepler are mostly smaller (in terms of the distances of the planets from their central sun) and therefore the inclinations of the planes of the orbits relative to each other are probably smaller and it is also possible that there are other planets with slightly larger inclinations that Kepler cannot see.
for miracles
The reason for the circular motion is that the center of gravity is also in motion. Two vectors can be described
One is the force vector - concentric, the other is the motion vector - radial. The angle between them results from the movement of the center of gravity.
In addition.
Suppose hypothetically that there were clouds in which there is no rotational movement at all. The direction of movement of all the particles in these clouds was directly towards the center of mass. The lifespan of such clouds, until they become some kind of dwarf (black hole/neutron star, etc., etc.) is extremely short because the centrifugal force that inhibits the hepatic collapse does not act in them.
It turns out that the clouds that remain for life and years, (up to 120 years) and that we can see, are the ones with the rotational movement.
for miracles
The reason for the circular motion is that the center of gravity is also in motion. Two vectors can be described
One is the force vector - concentric, the other is the motion vector - radial. The angle between them results from the movement of the center of gravity.
In addition.
Suppose hypothetically that there were clouds in which there is no rotational movement at all. The direction of movement of all the particles in these clouds was directly towards the center of mass. The lifespan of such clouds, until they become some kind of dwarf (black hole/neutron star, etc., etc.) is extremely short because the centrifugal force that inhibits the hepatic collapse does not act in them.
It turns out that the clouds that remain for life and years, (up to 120) and that we can see, are the ones with the rotational movement.
It regularly hides part of the text on the page... it's really annoying.
Avi Blizovsky Hello, the new advertisement that appears on the lower right is really annoying, and it also interferes while writing a message (it is not possible to place the text marker in the one that is above it in a vertical line) I would be happy if this annoying thing would fly away (advertisements that constantly hover over the page are one of the most Annoying yes, it really doesn't fit here).
Now I noticed that it also doesn't allow clicking on the "add comment" button... trying to use tab to get to the button, we'll see if that works...
Also in the simulation here you can see that they tend to get along on the same surface (disc), you can jump straight to minute 1:32 where you can see it quite nicely:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjQdKjA9LC0
I thought a little about the subject yesterday, and I think I have some direction even though it is not fully formed... it has to do with considering the forces on the X axis and the Y axis between the two planets and the mutual attraction between them, see the drawing I made:
http://img2.timg.co.il/forums/1_173999742.JPG
They are simply trying to reach a state of balance, when they are together on the same rotating disc, so at least on the Y axis they are balanced... why doesn't this also happen on the X axis? Help me with this, maybe it has something to do with the gravitational force that the sun exerts on them in this axis which is much stronger than the force they exert against each other.
In addition, I also thought to myself why this arrangement does not also occur in the path of movement of electrons around the nucleus in the atom? I think the answer to this is that, unlike the planets, the electrons repel each other, so each of them maintains an "individual" axis of rotation where it is as far away from the other electrons as possible.
What do you think sounds like?
A. Ben Ner
Yes, but.... you wrote "The primary dust cloud is pulled by gravity to its center of mass in a rotational movement around some axis" - and that is what needs an explanation - why is there an axis?
Avi, in my opinion your explanation of the disk structure is wrong, the convergence to the disk can be explained simply like this,
1. The primary dust cloud is pulled by gravity to its center of mass in a rotational motion around some axis.
2. The rotational motion of each particle can be described as consisting of 2 vectors of motion, one a vector parallel to the axis of rotation, the other a radial vector around the axis of rotation
3. In the direction of the vector parallel to the axis of rotation, the movement is accelerated towards the center of mass of the cloud
4. In the radial direction, the acceleration toward the center is weakened by the centrifugal force acting outward
5. The result: a disk structure
my son
Look at Ari's link...
In my opinion, what keeps all the planets on one axis is the balance between them in the force of gravity, for hundreds of millions of years.
A planet that is not in the axis, will affect and be affected by the other planets that are in the axis, until they all reach a new balance.
If a planet were to accidentally enter our solar system, it could make a running mess, depending on its mass.
Here's why:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmNXKqeUtJM
Life
Look at it this way: for some reason granules are in a certain area. These grains form a cloud, and an attraction is created to the center of the cloud. The particles did not start from rest and each particle has a velocity component that is not at the center of the cloud, therefore a swirling movement is created towards the center, similar to water going down a sink. As the cloud gets smaller, due to conservation of angular momentum, the component of the particle velocity changed to the center increases. At the end a rotating block is formed. Now pay attention - every rotating system has one axis.
If it happens and a body arrives from afar and integrates into the solar system - then it is absolutely possible that this body will rotate on another plane.
What causes the dust (from which the planets are formed) to concentrate in a flat disk? Why does it not spread around the sun uniformly?
The reason for this is probably due to the fact that the dust disk from which solar systems are formed is relatively flat.
At minute 2:35 in the video, a simulation is shown in which all the planets are seen moving around their sun in orbits that are all on the same surface, I think the situation is similar in our solar system, is there a reason for this? Why can't each planet move on its own surface, why do all the planets concentrate on the same surface? (on the same disc)
But not all the candidates would return, some of them,
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