The experiment was designed to test the possibility of curing diseases caused by a defect in a single gene by means of the appropriate worker induction of two different organisms
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American researchers created in the laboratory an embryo that was part male and part female. The fetus was destroyed after reaching the age of six days. The scientists explained yesterday (Wednesday) at a conference on fertilization and reproduction held in Madrid, that they performed the experiment to prove the possibility of using this technique to cure diseases caused by a defect in a single gene. The presentation of the study caused an uproar at the conference. Some of the participants claimed that this technique is flawed, useless, and will not be implemented anyway due to the ethical problems involved.
The controversial study was led by Dr. Norbert Glaischer, a fertility specialist from the Institute of Reproduction in Chicago. Glasher said at the conference that he and his team engineered "chimeric" embryos, a kind of hybrid creatures composed of cells from two different organisms. Glacier injected cells from a male fetus into the cavities of three-day-old female fetuses. Glasher explained that he chose to inject specifically male cells, due to the fact that it is easier to follow their development and movement inside the embryo. Among the 21 embryos treated with this method, 12 of them developed as normal embryos, in which the male cells spread inside the female embryo.
The experiment was designed to strengthen the assumption regarding the possibility of using this method in fetuses suffering from a disease resulting from a defect in a single gene. These embryos will be injected with healthy cells, which contain a normal copy of the defective gene, and healthy tissues will grow from them instead of damaged tissues that would grow from the defective gene.
"The technology has been known to the world of science for some time," said the professor of molecular biology, Hermona Sorek, from the Hebrew University. "Because cells are injected into the fetal cavity at a very early stage in its development, the cells unite with the corresponding cells of the fetus and produce part of the tissues of the fetus. For example, the pancreas of a male may be accepted with the muscles of a female."
However, this method is controversial and in some countries of the world, such as Britain, it is completely prohibited. Some scientists claim that it is not at all clear whether creating such a hybrid creature would be medically beneficial. "No one knows what the result will be in terms of expression of hormonal levels. This is just one of the questions in this context," said Prof. Sorek. Other experts were more blunt. "From an ethical point of view, this is a repulsive idea," said Dr. Francesaus Shenfield from the UCL School of Medicine in London, who deals with ethics and law. "There are serious scientific and medical problems related to this technique. I can't imagine a situation where she would be acceptable. If the method is not implemented, there is no reason to experiment with it," she said in an interview with the news agencies.
Dr. Glasher admitted that the technique is far from the stage where it will be possible to apply it, but according to him "the goal was to check whether transplanting cells at an early stage of the embryo's development would work. We have convincing evidence that the answer to this is positive."
By Yuval Dror, Haaretz, Walla News and news agencies
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