A team of researchers from Harvard University, MIT and Calcutta in collaboration with Google successfully simulated a traversable wormhole with the help of a quantum computer. The experiment performed on Google's quantum processor demonstrated the passage of information in the interlaced system. According to the principle of holography, the physics demonstrated in the experiment is the same as that of particles passing through wormholes. Although it was conducted on only nine qubits, the experiment is of great importance because it illustrates for the first time the possibility of testing quantum gravity with the help of entangled systems.
At the end of the last century, a radical principle arose in the minds of the famous physicists Witten and Maldesena. The principle they formulated, known as the holography principle, assumed that the physics occurring in a universe under the influence of relativistic gravity is exactly the same as a universe with one less dimension governed by the laws of quantum mechanics without gravity. The articles of Witten and Mladsana are currently considered the most cited in high energy physics and apparently this fact will not change soon. The wonderful idea that made waves in the scientific community is not without question marks. Let's start by saying that it is not valid in our universe, because it only works in a universe with a negative cosmological constant (and not in a universe with a positive cosmological constant). In addition, the quantum theory corresponding to the theory of gravity is not just another quantum theory, the mathematics states that it must behave in the same way at any distance, long or short. In other words, this theory has contraction and stretching symmetry (to be precise, the symmetry is conformal symmetry but that is less important to our discussion). Despite its flaws, this principle challenged the long-standing notion that quantum mechanics and relativity do not fit together and even hinted that they are actually two sides of the same coin. The reason physicists call this principle the principle of holography is because quantum theory is described in one less dimension than gravitational theory, just as a hologram encodes a three-dimensional universe on a two-dimensional surface. It is important to note that gravitational holography has never been fully proven. All we have are evidences that this principle works (at the same time, the evidences are strong and convincing. Parts of the scientific community even believe that every gravitational theory has a corresponding quantum theory, not just the one with negative curvature. Still, in science there are no beliefs and as long as we don't have mapping Such, these are idle statements).
On wormholes and entangled particles
Influenced by the principle of holography, Susskind and Mledsana took the idea one step further and in 2013 they They claimed Wormholes, theoretical bodies that shorten distances between different ends of the universe, actually describe the same physics of entangled particles. In the scientific community, the connection between quantum entanglement and wormholes has slipped through the cracks because many have perceived these phenomena as unrelated. How are entanglement, a phenomenon observed in the laboratory countless times, and wormholes, theoretical bodies that have never been observed, related to each other? In Suskind and Mledsana's article, wormholes were described as a mechanism that allows a non-local quantum connection between two particles, but are wormholes really possible in nature?
In science fiction movies, wormholes are very popular. With their help, you can travel between galaxies in a reasonable amount of time, develop the plot of the film for two hours and not be spread over billions of years. Of course I would be happy to report such a black worm at hand, but unfortunately the reality is much more complex. The wormhole that Einstein Rosen Podolsky first described in 1935 is not a wormhole that can be passed through. In fact if two people enter it, they may meet in the middle, but cannot cross to the other side. The meeting, by the way, will only be momentary, because very quickly they will collapse under the gravity of the wormhole. This fact did not really change until recently, when Jeffries and his colleagues from Harvard Shown for the first time In 2017 it is possible to build a wormhole that can open for a few moments and allow particles to cross to the other side. The method by which Jeffries was able to open the wormhole was aided by negative energy. This is not a new discovery, by the way, but until Jeffries' article, they did not know how to do this. Jeffries' calculations showed that the wormhole fills with negative energy as long as the openings are assumed to be affected by each other under a known quantum interaction.
Jeffreys's discovery is the first proof of Susskind and Mledsana's idea. The reason the wormhole can transmit information through it is because the openings are effectively described as intertwined particles, because of the interaction between them, in full accordance with the principle of holography. It is important to note that in Jeffreys' wormholes it is not possible to transfer information at a speed higher than the speed of light because in order for the wormhole to open, a quantum interaction must occur between the openings, and this exists as long as the two openings can communicate at a speed lower than the speed of light.
A wormhole on a quantum computer
If holography is indeed true and the physics of wormholes is indeed identical to entangled particles, then a process simulating the passage of information through wormholes can be coded through entanglement. In 2021 Jeffries and his colleagues claimed exactly that And they showed that an experiment can be built on quantum computers that will demonstrate an open wormhole. The reason quantum computers can do this is because a quantum computer is built from systems that are intertwined with each other. In order to build a simulation of a wormhole, the experimenters grouped the qubits into two groups and intertwined them. The two groups, or sides of the quantum computer simulate the ends of the black universe the worm leads to. In the second stage of the experiment, they fed information into one side of the quantum computer, waited a bit for the information to mix with the noise, and then turned on the interaction between the two sides of the computer. After a few moments they saw that the information passed to the other side without noise. The successful experiment, Jeffries and his colleagues from Google, Caltech and MIT Published on the cover of Nature magazine.
We emphasize that the wormhole demonstrated in the quantum computer is not a real wormhole, it is a mathematical mapping to the real problem that requires gravity. The demo itself is not affected by gravity, not even by the gravity induced by the Earth. It follows that there is no risk that a black worm will form in the quantum computer and engulf the Earth.
It is true that the physical process that takes place in the quantum computer can be explained even without using the principle of holography, but it may sound complicated. The analogy of this process to a wormhole provides a relatively simple explanation for the fact that the information passed to the other side of the quantum computer without noise. It is important to note that the principle of holography works wonderfully especially in large systems with many degrees of freedom, but today we do not have a quantum computer containing many qubits that is free of noise. In order for the experimental errors to be small, the researchers demonstrated the Jeffries wormhole using only nine qubits. The small number of qubits means the experiment could also take place on a classical computer. As long as this is possible, the experiment should not teach us anything new about quantum gravity. At the same time, I would emphasize that Jeffries' experiment is a milestone that will pave the way for the development of experiments simulating gravitational processes on quantum computers. This is significant proof that certain aspects of wormholes can be simulated on a quantum computer and perhaps in the future perform the same experiment on a full quantum computer with thousands of qubits.
Do you have a question or topic you would like me to write about? Contact me at noamphysics@gmail.com
More of the topic in Hayadan:
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I'm still stuck with the same question - if there is quantum gravity then there is a graviton which is the particle that carries the force of gravity. And if a black hole produces gravitation - it should emit gravitons towards the bodies/particles it attracts. This contradicts the definition of a black hole.
How does it work out?
Thanks
Dear Oded
Thank you for considering my things.
It is true that projects take years.
And yet in a series of objective indicators there is such a thing called acceleration.
How many IEEE newspapers have a Chinese editor in chief and how many deputy editors in chief out of how many IEEE newspapers there are.
I owe my degree to the Chinese who accepted what I wrote.
Who opened the American economy and got it out of Corona.
Why precisely in the last two years all the hypersonic weapon experiments took place, and all types of weapon systems in the United States were equipped with such missiles.
There are correlation tests in statistics, for example a Pearson heat map. Too many things have come out during the senile or not Biden era to be a shill.
Regarding the economy - the global economic crisis. The crypto market has grown too much, which is predicted to crash to zero.
Too many carrier companies. No one marries a spiritual kinyan, something that produces value. There is a Chinese component boycott on the West,
And suddenly they remembered not to buy the cheapest, to have your own production capacity.
And you agree about the war in Ukraine which exposes Russia in an unflattering and unfortunate way.
And last but not least: they will vote Trump. Why? I have no other explanation than stupidity. I look at what is happening with us.
Folly on both sides. This week an article by Professor Yuval Noah Harari about stupidity was published.
https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/r1samstuj
And two more questions, statements:
Don't you believe that fake news is important to one and the truth is more important to the other.
Great article! The article really requires an intersection of the heart, but it connected me to some concepts that I came across (such as the principle of holography). I enjoyed and learned. Thanks!
Yosef Kfar, everything you wrote is indeed true, but these developments are the result of decades of research. Indeed, Biden's foreign policy, especially vis-à-vis Russia, is good, but he manages the American economy quite poorly. In short, there is good and bad in him, depending on the field
Well, that was interesting. Understandable enough to pique my curiosity. Of course I didn't understand anything. But the experience of reading a text that doesn't really mean anything to me without a lot of physics explanations - was interesting.
Anyway, thanks for the translation. Without him I wouldn't have known this thing even existed.
It looks like a very interesting article, it's just a shame that it is loaded with concepts that you need to be a physics professor to understand them. Even as a physics buff, I couldn't get through two sentences in a row without getting stuck on an unclear concept.
Just a shame, there are no wormholes, there were not and will not be, but nonsense, what does it matter????
Do people notice that since the "shamlany" Biden is in power scientific hegemony is returning to the United States or do not let the facts confuse them:
All weapon systems: battleships, planes - hypersonic weapons are developed for them. within two years. These projects were stopped in the previous administration.
Yesterday, a B-21 bomber was revealed that has been in development since 2014, but was accelerated.
Computing relativistic gravity using a quantum computer
Sanctions against Russia following the invasion of Ukraine. Makes Russia and China think twice before invading another country.
Against: the withdrawal from Afghanistan was bad for Afghanistan, maybe it stopped American bleeding.
In favor: hegemony in scientific publications - a noticeable change.
In the previous 5 years, a large part of the science journals in the world IEEE, MDPI, ELSEVIER became to have editors, deputy editors and reviewers from the East - a certificate of honor to them indeed.
The vaccines distributed by Biden opened the American economy to employment and leaving the homes while in China the economy is closed.
All this stopped in the Trump era.
Both in the United States and here, the administration is considered weak, and Trump is strong.
It doesn't matter that there is evidence that Trump was filmed by the KGB in embarrassing intimate photos in Russia.
And most importantly, these facts do not confuse the public either in the US or in Israel. Sayings are more important than actions.