The cosmic background radiation

Hubble voltage. Illustration: NSF Noir Lab

Extremely precise measurement of the expansion rate of the universe strengthens the “Hubble tension”

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An international collaboration has once again found that the local universe is expanding faster than the standard cosmological model predicts, possibly hinting at new physics.
Black hole. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Is the universe infinite? What does science really know about the shape of the universe?

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Measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation indicate that the observable universe is approximately flat, but scientists still do not know whether the entire universe is infinite, finite without an edge, or has a more complex topological structure.
The spiral galaxy Andromeda. Almost a duplicate of the Milky Way. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Why nearby galaxies are running away from us: Scientists have finally solved a fifty-year-old mystery

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An international team has built a “virtual twin” of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxy environment and found that a flattened mass distribution, with large voids above and below, balances gravity and resolves a mystery that has been debated since the days of Edwin Hubble.
Suyanov-Zeldovich effect. Credit: Lingxiao Yuan

Extremely hot intracluster gas discovered in young galaxy cluster – earlier than predicted

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ALMA measurement and the Sonyaev-Zeldovich effect indicate “overheating” about 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang, challenging models of galaxy cluster formation
The composition of the universe. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Hidden change in dark energy could rewrite the laws of physics

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Dark energy may not be constant after all. DESI analysis of millions of galaxies shows signs that it may be evolving, suggesting a huge shift in cosmology
Observations on the first light of the universe. The image was prepared using DALEE and is not a scientific image

Cosmic Archaeology: Deciphering the Mystery of the First Light of the Universe 

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Artist's impression of NASA's New Horizons spacecraft against deep space. More than 7.3 billion kilometers from Earth, the spacecraft sees areas of the universe that would otherwise be too dim. Credit: NASA, APL, SwRI, Serge Brunier (ESO ), Marc Postman (STScI), Dan Durda.

Exploring the Dark Universe: Breakthroughs from NASA's New Horizons Deep Space Probe

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Prof. Martin Rees, winner of the 2024 Wolf Prize in Physics. Photo courtesy of the Wolf Prize Foundation

The British Astronomer Royal won the Wolff Prize in Physics

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The Wolf Prize in Physics for 2024 is awarded to Professor Martin Rees of the University of Cambridge, England, for his "pioneering contributions to high-energy astrophysics, the formation of galaxies and structures in the universe, and cosmology"
This image of NGC 5468, a galaxy about 130 million light-years from Earth, combines data from the Hubble and James Webb space telescopes. It is the most distant galaxy in which Hubble has detected variable Cepheid stars. These stars serve as important landmarks for measuring the expansion rate of the universe.

The Webb and Hubble space telescopes confirm the universe's expansion rate, the puzzle continues

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Web sightings provide new insights into a decade-long mystery
The galaxy cluster Abel 2744 or the Pandora cluster. The researchers looked at the galaxies behind it. Photograph of the Hubble Space Telescope

The first light in the universe

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James Webb Space Telescope observations of galaxies in the young universe revealed that the first light in space came from bright young stars
NGC 5468 — the host galaxy of Cepheid. Joint photograph of the Webb and Hubble Space Telescopes, NASA/ESA

The Webb and Hubble telescopes confirm the rate of expansion of the universe, the puzzle remains

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Webb's measurements provide new light on a decade-long mystery known as the Hubble stress - the differences in the age of the universe between the Hubble observations and past observations that remain unexplained * Prof. Adam Rees, winner
In this map, built on the basis of the observations of the Planck spacecraft launched by the European Space Agency, you can see the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), the earliest observable light of the universe, and it gives us the best picture ever of the universe in its early childhood. The blue areas in the sky represent points where the temperature of the background radiation, and in any case also of the early universe, is lower, and the red areas reflect warmer places. Proponents of the inflationary theory, which holds that the universe expanded rapidly in its early moments, argue that the pattern of hot and cold spots is consistent with this idea. However, the theory can actually produce any pattern, and in most of its versions it produces larger temperature differences than this map shows. Moreover, if inflation did occur, the background radiation should include evidence for cosmic gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime caused by the primordial stretch, but it does not. Instead, the Planck data reveal that the true story of our universe's history is still far from over. Source: ESA and the Planck Collaboration.

Nobel laureate Prof. Peebles revealed the secrets behind cosmic radiation

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A diagram of the evolution and expansion of the universe, with cosmic inflation visible at its very beginning. Is the theory of cosmic inflation, which tries to explain the properties of our universe, wrong? Source: r NASA/WMAP Science Team.

Cosmic controversy

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A diagram of the evolution and expansion of the universe, with cosmic inflation visible at its very beginning. Is the theory of cosmic inflation, which tries to explain the properties of our universe, wrong? Source: r NASA/WMAP Science Team.

The theory of cosmic inflation is in trouble

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This image shows an array of 512 conductive detectors on the BICEP2 telescope at the South Pole. The technology was fundamental to the discovery of the effect of gravitational waves from the early era of the universe known as the "Inflationary Period". Photo: NASA/JPL-Caltech

How does the telescope at the South Pole that discovered the gravitational waves created by the Big Bang work?

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The Planck Space Telescope and the map it created of the cosmic background radiation. Figure: European Space Agency

The Planck Space Telescope has completed its mission and cleared its orbit

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The sky in the microwave field, as photographed by the European Space Agency's Planck Space Telescope. These speckled structures of the cosmic background radiation, the oldest light in the universe, are visible at high latitudes on the map. The strip in the center is the plane of our galaxy - the Milky Way. Photo: European Space Agency.

Is a large concentration of dark energy at the beginning of the universe responsible for accelerating the expansion of the universe that began 7 billion years ago and is felt today?

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This map shows the ancient light in our universe, as it was discovered with the greatest precision yet by the Planck mission. Photo: European Space Agency and the Planck Partnership. Video

The universe is 100 million years older than we thought until now

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These two images show the same piece of sky in the Boötes group, known as the "rapid accretion belt. The area covers one degree by 0.12 degrees. Photo: NASA/JPL-Caltech/GSFC

Spitzer captured the oldest light in the universe

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multiverse From Wikipedia

Does Rabbi Yokom really exist?/George F. R. Ellis

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Milestones in the expansion of the universe. From Wikipedia

The cold end of the universe

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Einstein

The Cosmological Constant: Einstein's Serious Mistake That Led to the Nobel Prize in Physics Part II

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expansion of the universe. From Wikipedia

"The discovery of the Nobel laureates is the most important discovery in cosmology in the last decades"

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Prof. Sol Perlmutter from Berkeley, one of the winners of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics

"The phenomenon of the acceleration of the expansion of the universe is a phenomenon that is observed and everyone is now convinced that it is real but no one understands it"

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A portrait of Baruch Spinoza painted in 1655. From Wikipedia

Who is the scientist's God?

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The different alternatives to the universe - it turns out that it is expanding even faster than they thought

A journey through the universe following "dark energy"

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Inside the Large Hadron Collider tunnel in Sarn, Geneva. Photo: CERN

How was the universe created? The riddle is not eternal

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

Planck's first light

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

Watch the formation of the universe through microwaves

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

There are still obstacles to the development of an AIDS vaccine, in the meantime we must help the patients in Africa

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

The Herschel and Planck space telescopes were successfully launched

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

Cosmic belts can solve the problem of excess positrons in regions of the universe

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

A busy year is expected for Europe in space

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

Atmospheres of super earth globes

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

Planets can form around binary stars

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

Black holes predate galaxies

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

Neutron star WR 104 won't kill us

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

The cosmic background radiation is 6 times stronger than expected

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

More evidence that the earth is not at the center of the universe

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

The universe does not expand uniformly

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

A new theory on gravitational waves and gravitational radiation

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

A method for examining string theory was proposed

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

A huge part of the matter in the universe is missing - again

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

New beginnings - ideas about the time before the big bang - are they testable?

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

How do you make contact with other life forms in space?

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

A cold region in space may be a remnant of the Big Bang

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

We will discover a huge area in space that has nothing in it

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

The lonely future that awaits us in 3 trillion years

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

The dark ages of the universe

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

The Technion's Harvey Award - to Professors Ronald Evans and Charles Bennett

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