A superconducting material that reduces friction has been discovered in Japan, may break new ground in electronics and technology, develop fast and cheap trains, energy-efficient particle accelerators, cheap MRI machines and more.
![A Maglev train hovers in Shanghai. Photo-Jody-McIntyre-Flickr[1]](https://www.hayadan.org.il/images/content3/2015/07/%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%91-%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%A4%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%97%D7%90%D7%99.-%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D-Jody-McIntyre-Flickr1-500x334.jpg)
To understand the new discovery, you need to understand what superconductivity is. Superconductivity is a state of aggregation that was discovered in the 243s, and is essentially a solid material that is cooled to a very low temperature, for example -XNUMX degrees Celsius, where its electrons can flow without friction within the material. This can be compared to the difference between dragging a heavy sofa on a rough floor - so you need a lot of force to move it - and dragging a sofa with wheels on a smooth floor - so you can roll it with a light push, with almost no energy investment. A conductor does not lose energy when the electrons flow within the material, which creates a special electronic system that does not heat up from a strong electric current.
Using superconducting materials, it is possible to create strong electromagnets, such as those that enable the Chinese Maglev train to levitate at an incredible speed of 430 km/h and with surprising silence. Superconductors are also used in MRI machines, which are used to obtain a detailed image of the inside of the body and have become an important and life-saving examination tool in many hospitals. The disadvantage of conductors is that a lot of energy must be invested in cooling them.
Researchers from Japan recently discovered a new state of aggregation, which is called Jahn-Teller metal. This metal can be used as a superconductor at relatively high temperatures, -135 degrees Celsius. This means that if it is possible to take this development out of the laboratory, it will be possible to produce electronic systems with the properties of superconductors in a very cheap way. This state of accumulation is special in that it is possible to switch between the state of a superconducting material and the state of an insulating material (which does not conduct electricity) by creating pressure on the material - a feature that could possibly create sophisticated electrical circuits that have never been seen before.
A hovering skateboard may not be a common gadget in 2015, but thanks to Jan-Teller metal, there's a chance that in 2020 you'll already be able to hover to work.
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Hanan Sabat, it's true, superconductivity is a state of aggregation for everything (albeit of a quantum nature) you can read more about it in depth if you look up some of the terms that Ariel mentioned above or search in the science magazine Popular Science American, the truth is that a much more interesting situation that I came across recently in Article there (of course, if one has access to the academic article on the subject and not the popular one and also has the ability to understand what it is about, it is better) This is a state of aggregation known as stange metal or loosely translated "strange metal" and it was actually discovered due to the discovery of an iron-based growth that condenses to high superconductivity Relatively (not 138 yet, but definitely in the direction) the physical mechanism there in these rocks that leads to the quantum accumulation mass (not to be confused with quantum states) is relatively still unknown and insanely fascinating, surely borrowed from science fiction movies, by the way to the author of the article, it is worth noting that in a state of superconductivity The charge carriers are not just electrons but electron pairs called "Cooper pairs" and actually bosons (with complete spin) and therefore are not subject to Pauli's prohibition and consequently to Bose Einstein's condensation, etc., perhaps it is appropriate in such an article to detail a little more about the physical mechanism leading to this state of aggregation if You have already opened the box, and this is both because it is interesting and to satisfy the skeptics and prevent inaccuracies
There is not a lot of information regarding conductors at high temperatures, but minus 135 degrees Celsius is 138 degrees Kelvin, and on Wikipedia I find:
* In 1987, Ching Wu-Chu discovered a similar compound in which the lanthanum is replaced by yttrium, a substance known as YBCO, which has a critical temperature of 92 degrees Kelvin.
* In 1988 BSCCO was discovered to have a critical temperature of 108 degrees Kelvin, and later that year TBCCO was discovered to have a critical temperature of 127 degrees Kelvin.
* In 2009, HgBa2Ca2Cu3Ox was discovered with the highest critical temperature discovered to date which is 135 degrees Kelvin, when under strong pressure it can even reach 164 degrees Kelvin.
In English there is more information, but in her eyes the fact that liquid nitrogen must be used for the cooling, and in this respect a little less than a difference of ten degrees here or there.
Hanan,
Skepticism is a healthy thing. But also reading comprehension.
95% of the public knows 3 modes of aggregation. Plasma aggregation mode is familiar to you and me, but most people are unfamiliar with it. That's what the article says.
Lorem Ipsum,
I don't know of conductors that operate at minus 135 degrees Celsius today except for John Teller metal (except for a new conductor that was published very recently after writing this article, and operates at minus seventy-eighty). If you know, please provide links. In addition, as written in the article, the transition between conductor and insulator in John Teller metal is performed by applying mechanical pressure - a feature that can expand the design limits of electric circuits.
So
It is not clear exactly what the technological advantage of the new metal is. Materials on ceramic conductors at similar temperatures (such as allow work in liquid nitrogen) are already known and have existed for decades. Those who need and can use superconductors at such temperatures use them, and those who have not yet passed the cost-effectiveness threshold for using the technology do not seem to find a way to use it. It seems that we will continue to travel by light rail of the type that is equipped with steel wheels.
The gang that runs the light rail heard about it? They should do homework.
Hanan, the material has more than 4 aggregation states. Take for example a neutron star is not a liquid, it is not a solid, it is not a gas and it is not a plasma (only neutrons).
Quote from Wikipedia about "state of accumulation"
There are substances that can exist in more complex states of aggregation such as liquid crystals, superfluid, nanoparticles, Bose-Einstein condensation, degenerate matter, neutron star and others. These are rare conditions on earth, and some of them are artificial and exist only in laboratories.
Hanan
It's okay, there are a lot of mistakes on the science website... here you will see Nissim for example.. 🙂
Hanan Sabat
What is written in the article is true... You can cancel the vendor warning 🙂
4 modes of aggregation are recognized - solid, liquid, gas, plasma. Since the article already started with such a basic mistake, I doubt how much of what is said in the article corresponds to reality...