The Ofek 6 spy satellite crashed into the sea during its launch due to a malfunction in the third stage
6.9.2004
From: Concentration of sources
An attempt to launch the "Ofek 6" photography and intelligence satellite failed. The first two stages of the launch went successfully, the satellite left the launch pad, but due to a technical failure, it was unable to rise into the air and fell into the Mediterranean Sea. The Ministry of Defense and the aviation industry said that the cause of the malfunction is being investigated.
The Ofek 6 satellite is considered one of the most advanced intelligence satellites in the world.
Ofek 5 on the ground At 13:45, after secret preparations, the launch of the spy satellite took place in Palmachim. The first 2 stages passed successfully but in the third stage the systems failed. This is a blow to Israel's missile defense system
Israel failed in its attempt to launch a spy satellite due to a malfunction in the third stage of the Shavit satellite launcher. As a result of the failure, the Ofek 6 satellite fell into the sea. The failure is considered a severe blow to the security system, which sought to use the satellite to strengthen Israel's defense system against a surprise missile attack, and to receive real-time information on the Iranian missile program.
The preparations for the launch were made in complete secrecy and no advance notice was given to the media about the launch date which was at 13:45 from the Palmahim base. The malfunction in the launch occurred in the third stage of its execution, after the transition from the first stage to the second was successfully completed.
As mentioned, at 13:53 the signal was given from the launch base in Palmahim and the Comet launcher, on the nose of which the Ofek 6 satellite is mounted, began to soar rapidly. The first two stages of the launch were successful and the rocket and satellite reached an altitude of 270 km. Right before the execution of the third stage, in which the satellite's four small engines are ignited, it became clear that one of them was not working and that it could not be directed to its exact position in space. In view of the circumstances, it was decided not to ignite the engines and stop the launch. The launcher and the satellite continued their flight, until they fell into the sea 1,500 kilometers from the coast.
The Minister of Defense, Shaul Mofaz, said: "We are not happy with the results and will draw the necessary lessons. It should be remembered that in the past we launched satellites and we are on the satellite map of the world. I am sure that the defense industries will find a way to learn the lessons and launch the satellite, albeit late, but we will launch it."
Ofek 6, as its name suggests, is the sixth in the "Ofek" photography satellite series. The Voice of Israel reported that the first satellite, "Ofek 1", was launched in 1988, and after that, in 1990 and 1995, two more satellites were launched.
The launch of the fourth satellite failed, after which Israel launched "Ofek 2002" in May 5, which photographs the entire Middle East and can distinguish objects less than two meters in size. Its cost was 60 million dollars. The aviation industry is now investigating what caused the failure of the Ofek 6 launch.
"It happened to the best"
In the coming days there will be a discussion in the defense system that will examine the continuation of the work to launch another satellite. The defense system states that the next project may use systems that were not damaged in today's launch to save costs.
A security official commented on the next launch and said: "We must create an overlap between Ofek 5 and the next satellite, even though it seems to be extending its life in space. In order to close the overlap perfectly, we must start the next project right now, which is estimated to last about two years."
The chairman of the space agency, Prof. Yuval Naman, who is involved in the satellite project, said: "The project has faded before our eyes, but there is nothing to do now but look forward to the next project. It happened to the best, like the Europeans and the Americans at NASA. This is a very important project for Israel, especially at the security level, so that we continue to see what we need to see."
Second failure
This is the second failure of an Ofek satellite launch. In January 1998, an attempt to place the Ofek 4 satellite in space, intended to replace Ofek 3, failed, and was destroyed due to a malfunction in one of its systems. Ofek 3, which is a low-altitude satellite, continues to send intelligence information to its operators to this day.
Today, the Ofek 5 satellite is in space, which can operate for two more years. According to foreign publications, it is a military intelligence satellite capable of detecting various objects.
A failed experiment with the arrow missile as wellAbout two weeks ago (26.08.2004) an experiment with the Arrow missile failed. The arrow failed to hit an improved D-class Scud missile with a fragmentation warhead launched from an aircraft. The arrow failed to intercept, after he was unable to distinguish between the warhead of the missile and his body. Missiles of this type exist in Syria.
The tests are starting following the failure to launch Ofek 6 yesterday
It is estimated that the construction and launch of a new satellite will take about two if not three years
7.9.2004
By: Avi Blizovsky
Ofek 6 launch, yesterday in Palmahim. Photo: the aviation industry. Estimate: The damage from the launch failure is 100 million dollars
The defense establishment says that a special budget will be required to continue developing systems for launching satellites and they estimate that within three to four years it will be possible to assemble a new satellite in place of Ofek 6. Voice of Israel reported that security officials said that it is necessary to reexamine the spy satellite program. In the meantime, the defense establishment in the Air Force and the Aerospace Industry continue to examine yesterday's launch failure.
The Minister of Defense, Shaul Mofaz, commented on the failure: "We are not happy with the results, we are studying what happened, and we will draw the necessary lessons."
Mofaz also said: "It must be remembered that we are on the satellite map of the world, and even if they ask to cut various budgets, there are areas that must be maintained. I believe they will find a way to learn from the lessons. I am sure that the defense industries will find a way to learn from the lessons and launch the satellite late, and we will launch it."
The failure of Ofek 6 will harm Israel's ability to warn against missiles
The launch of the "Ofek 6" intelligence satellite failed yesterday. Following the failure of the launch, the defense establishment will re-examine the spy satellite program and the schedules for the next launches. In addition, due to the cut in the defense budget, a special allocation requirement will be considered for the continued development of satellite launchers.
The satellite was supposed to improve Israel's independent ability to obtain early warning against a surprise attack by ballistic missiles. The "Shavit" satellite launcher, which carried "Ofek 6" in its bow, failed between the second and third stages of the launch to "throw" the satellite into orbit around the Earth, and it is estimated that the satellite fell into the sea. The financial damage from the loss of the satellite is estimated at about 100 million dollars.
The failure may result in strategic damage to Israel, due to the delay in establishing a permanent presence of Israeli spy satellites over the Middle East, and in creating a sequence in the transmission of images from space on military preparations in the countries of the third threat circle - mainly Iran.
The defense industry fears that the failure will also cause heavy damage to the reputation of the aerospace industry - the manufacturer of the launcher and the satellite - and to the reliability of satellite launchers from the Shavit family, which are intended for export. According to foreign publications, the Comet is a derivative of the "Jericho" surface-to-surface missile.
The Shavit satellite launcher was launched yesterday from the Palmachim Air Force Base at 13:53, with the Ofek 6 spy satellite in its nose. For the first few minutes, it seemed that the launch was a complete success: Shavit took off as planned, then the launch and the launcher moved along its flight path as planned. The personnel of the launch administration reported that the first engine of the launcher finished its job and the second engine was activated correctly (the end of the first stage and the beginning of the second stage). At this point, at a height of several dozen kilometers above the surface of the earth, the comet left the atmosphere and continued to climb to a height of several hundred kilometers. In the third stage, the launcher was supposed to "throw" the satellite and put "Horizon 6" into an elliptical orbit around the Earth, at an altitude between 600-400 km. However, at this stage it became clear that the attempt to put the satellite into its orbit failed.
When the fault was discovered, an urgent consultation was held at the test site between the project engineers, in order to locate its source. The assessment emerging from the inspection of the launch reports is that the malfunction was caused at the moment of transition from the end of the operation of the second engine (the second stage) and the activation of the third engine (the third stage), which is intended to put "Ofek 6" into orbit around the earth.
Not the first failure
YNET reported that the failure of the Horizon 6 launch is not the first in the series of Horizon satellite launches. In January 1998, the launch of "Ofek 4", which was supposed to replace "Ofek 3", failed. The launch failed due to a malfunction in the launcher, and the damage was estimated at the time at tens of millions of dollars.
Ofek satellites are launched into space on "Shavit" rockets. It was the Aerospace Industry that developed and created the satellite and the launcher, in cooperation with other knowledge-intensive industries, including - the Military Industry, Rafael, Elbit Systems and the Elishara Group, at the request of the Ministry of Defense.
in the prestigious club
On May 31, 2002, the previous spy satellite, "Ofek 5" passed its first test and transmitted the first images from space to the ground station of the Aerospace Industry, known by its name "Ayelet Hashar". "Ofek 5" replaced "Ofek 3", which ended its mission in January 2001, after the gas that allowed it to correct its orbit in space ran out.
"Ofek 5" transmitted black and white photographs to the ground station, with an accuracy of less than a meter. These photographs were distributed to all intelligence agencies that needed them.
The security establishment will re-examine the spy satellite program
Following the failure of the launch of the "Ofek 6" spy satellite, the defense system will re-examine the spy satellite program and the schedules for subsequent launches. In addition, due to the cut in the defense budget, a special allocation requirement will be considered for the continued development of satellite launchers.
An examination reveals that all the malfunctions in the Israeli satellites were caused during the launch phase. To date there have been no malfunctions in the operation of the satellites or the electro-optical cameras. The inspection committee that will be set up by the Ministry of Defense will have to examine whether it is necessary to freeze the planned launch program, until it can be verified that the launches using the Shavit satellite launcher are safe. The additional budget that will be required - to the extent of tens of millions of dollars - will probably be intended for the construction of several satellite launchers, some of them for experiments. Today, due to the high cost of building a launcher, the Ministry of Defense refrains from testing.
As part of the program formulated by the Space Administration in the Ministry of Defense, two spy satellites are currently being built simultaneously: "Ofek 7" and the radar satellite (TECHSAAR). These satellites represent a technological leap forward, and are planned to be launched into space in about two to three years. Ofek 7 - probably the last in the "Ofek" satellite family - will have a much higher level of separation than the current operational satellite "Ofek 5". The radar satellite will be able to photograph day and night and in all weather conditions. The Ministry of Defense will back up its spy satellites with civilian satellites from the "Eros" family, which will be financed with funds raised by the "Imagesat" company, which owns Eros.
Simultaneously with the development of Ofek satellites, the Ministry of Defense invests in the development of miniaturized micro- and nano-sized spy satellites. In an interview with "Haaretz" last year, the head of the space program administration in the Ministry of Defense, Brigadier General (ret.) Prof. Haim Ashad, revealed that Israel is investing in the development and construction of constellations (clusters) of many satellites, in a large variety of wavelengths, that will allow photography in the field the visible; Taking infrared pictures through which objects on the ground can be distinguished due to temperature changes; hyperspectral photography of color images, which allows, among other things, to distinguish from space between imaginary selves and real objects; XNUMXD electro-optical or radar photography for mapping purposes; and radar photography.
The second field is the development and construction of the next generation of micro- and nano-sized satellite clusters. At the same time as developing these technologies, scientists at Rafael are working on developing technology to launch satellites into space from F-15 fighter jets.
In addition to spy satellites, the defense system will also invest in the production of a military communication satellite from the "Amos" family, which will be twice the size of the civilian satellite, and its production will be completed in 2008.
Amnon Barzilai
The failure to launch the "Ofek 6" intelligence satellite, and the failure to put it into orbit around the Earth, disrupts the schedule of the Space Administration of the Ministry of Defense headed by Brigadier General (resp.) Prof. Haim Ashad. According to the plan drawn up about three years ago, Israel should have between five and seven spy satellites in space by the end of the decade. Such an impressive satellite presence is intended to give Israel - one of the few countries in the world capable of launching satellites - an independent early warning capability, and above all to receive continuous and available information about what is being done in the backyard of Iran's missile program.
The failure must turn on a warning light in the security system. Of the last three launches of the spy satellites in the Ofek 5,4, 6 and 5 series, only the launch of Ofek 2002, in May XNUMX, was successful. This is a bad ratio of one out of three launches, a ratio that is not flattering to Israeli technology, and especially to the quality of the flagship products of the defense industries Israeliness: missiles and satellite launchers. These products are supposed to give Israel the essential qualitative advantage over all the countries of the conflict in the first, second and third circles.
However, Major General (res.) Prof. Yitzhak Ben Israel, formerly Chief Research and Development Officer in the IDF and head of the Defense Ministry's Weapons and Infrastructure Development Administration, and who was among those responsible for the space project from the beginning of the 90s, believes that there is a fundamental difference between the failure of the launch Ofek 4" in January 1998 for the failure to launch Ofek 6, yesterday. Ofek 4 was launched to back up and reinforce "Ofek 3". Because of the failure in the launch, the State of Israel, after the demise of Ofek 3, was left without a spy satellite. Today, Israel has two photography satellites: military, Ofek 5, and the "Eros" satellite owned by the company "Imagest", a significant part of whose shares are held by IAI and "Elbit Systems". The two satellites - which orbit the Earth at an altitude of 600-400 km - transmit to the receiving stations in Israel excellent quality images, with a high level of separation (resolution), from the entire Middle East, once every hour and a half.
Ofek 6 is an optical satellite, like Ofek 5. However, it was supposed to transmit images at a higher level of separation and has a higher storage capacity of images. However, it is not a technological leap forward. In addition to this, Ben Israel emphasizes that yesterday's failure does not leave Israel without satellites. That is why the failure this time is "a blow to technology, but not a strategic blow to the State of Israel", according to him.
From the moment the launch malfunction was discovered, tensions arose between the government defense industries responsible for the development and production of "Comet" - the Aerospace Industry (the main contractor), the Military Industry (the manufacturer of the two large engines) and Rafael (the manufacturer of the third engine). However, the debate this time goes beyond matters of prestige. If it turns out, as it emerged from the initial test that was done immediately after the failure, that the fault in the launch was in an electronic component whose function was to ignite the third engine, the conclusion will be that the problem that was revealed is in Shavit's technological ability to put satellites into orbit around the Earth.
Identifying the fault and locating it has far-reaching strategic significance for Israel's long-range missile project. Because, according to foreign publications, the first two stages of the Comet launcher are the derivative of the "Jericho" surface-to-surface missile. Therefore, if the final diagnosis of the malfunction is that the failure was in an electronic component whose function is to ignite the third engine, then it is not Israel's technological ability to launch missiles that was found to be defective, but the problem is in the satellite launcher.
After the failure to launch Ofek 4, the then defense minister, Yitzhak Mordechai, ordered the satellite development project to be halted. An expert committee headed by Col. (Res.) Dr. Aviam Sela was established, which examined all the ways of working, quality control, organization and cooperation between the defense industries. The committee discovered that the fault in the launch at that time was in the second stage of the launcher, and following its findings, new work rules were established. The result was a successful launch of Ofek 5. Yesterday's failure will require the establishment of a similar committee to examine the cause of the failure. If indeed the malfunction is in an electronic component, and not in one of the three engines of the launcher, the responsibility for this falls on the "Melm" factory of the Aerospace Industry. The mishap in Horizon 6 is reminiscent of a similar mishap that caused the "Arrow" missile to fail to intercept an American target missile that was impersonating an Iranian "Shiyab 3" missile about two weeks ago. Even then, it turned out that the fault was in an electronic component manufactured at the Melam factory.
Evaluation: Ofek 6 launch failed due to a malfunction in the launcher; The damage: 100 million dollars
By Amnon Barzilai 7/9/04
The launch of the "Ofek 6" intelligence satellite failed yesterday. The satellite was supposed to improve Israel's independent ability to obtain early warning against a surprise attack by ballistic missiles. The "Shavit" satellite launcher, which carried "Ofek 6" in its bow, failed between the second and third stages of the launch to "throw" the satellite into orbit around the Earth, and it is estimated that the satellite fell into the sea.
The failure of the launch may cause a delay in Israel's space programs, since now the schedules for launching additional satellites will be changed. In addition, the failure may cause strategic damage to Israel, due to the delay in establishing a permanent presence of Israeli spy satellites over the Middle East, and in creating a sequence in the transmission of images from space on military deployment in the countries of the third threat circle - mainly Iran. The financial damage from the loss of Ofek 6 is estimated at about 100 million dollars.
The defense industry fears that the failure will also cause heavy damage to the reputation of the aerospace industry - the manufacturer of the launcher and the satellite - and to the reliability of satellite launchers from the Shavit family, which are intended for export. According to foreign publications, the Comet is a derivative of the "Jericho" surface-to-surface missile.
After many preparations, which were made in complete secrecy, yesterday at 13:53, the Shavit satellite launcher - with the Ofek 6 spy satellite in its nose - was launched from the air force's experimental base in Palmachim. In the first minutes it seemed that the launch was a complete success. From the photos on the ground it was possible to learn that everything is going well, and the launcher is moving along a flight path as planned. The personnel of the launch administration reported that the first engine of the launcher finished its job and the second engine was activated correctly (the end of the first stage and the beginning of the second stage). At this point, at a height of several tens of kilometers above the earth's surface, the comet left the atmosphere and continued its climb. In the third stage, the launcher was supposed to "throw" the satellite and put "Horizon 6" into an elliptical orbit around the Earth, at an altitude between 600-400 km. However, at this stage it became clear that the attempt to put the satellite into its orbit failed.
When the fault was discovered, an urgent consultation was held at the test site between the project engineers, in order to locate the source of the fault. From the inspection of the launch reports, it is estimated that the malfunction was caused at the moment of transition from the end of the operation of the second engine (the second stage) and the activation of the third engine (the third stage), which is intended to put "Ofek 6" into orbit around the earth.
Locating the source of the malfunction is also intended to determine the responsibility for the malfunction and the competence of the satellite launcher. The first two Shavit engines are manufactured at the Givon factory of the Military Industry, and are also an integral part of the Shavit launcher. The third engine is manufactured by "Raphael" and is not an integral part of the comet, but it plays a significant role in the launch of the satellite - the engine was designed to accelerate Ofek 6 to a speed that would allow it to enter orbit around the Earth.
Since the failure occurred before the third engine was activated, it is estimated that the failure was in the electronic box that activates the third engine. The box is manufactured at the "Melam" missile factory of the Aerospace Industry - the main contractor in the development and production of the Comet. Even in the attempt of the "Arrow" missile, which failed about a week ago, to intercept an American target missile that resembled a "Shiyav 3" missile, a malfunction was discovered in an electronic box developed and manufactured in Melam.
The Ofek 5 launch, the successful launch from 2002
