The most massive quasar known in the early universe was discovered at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii and now the second most distant quasar ever discovered now has a name in the Hawaiian language
International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld
Astronomers have discovered the second most distant quasar ever discovered using three observatories in Mauna Kea, Hawaii: Observatory W. M. Keck, the Gemini International Observatory, a program of NSF's NOIRLab, and the UK Infrared Telescope Facility (UKIRT) owned by the University of Hawaii. It is the first quasar to be given a native Hawaiian name, Pōniuāʻena, which means "invisible rotating source of life, surrounded by radiance" in the Hawaiian language.
Pōniuā`ena is only the second quasar discovered so far at a distance calculated as a cosmological redshift greater than 7.5 and it hosts a black hole twice the size of the other quasar known at the time. The existence of these massive black holes at such early times challenges current theories about how supermassive black holes formed and evolved in the young universe. The research was accepted into The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Quasars are the most energetic objects in the universe powered by their supermassive black holes and since their discovery, astronomers have been eager to determine when they first appeared in our cosmic history. By systematically searching for these rare objects in wide-area sky surveys, astronomers discovered the most distant quasar (named J1342+0928) in 2018 and now the second most distant, Pōniuā`ena (or J1007+2115, at redshift 7.515). The light seen from Pōniuā`ena has been moving through space for more than 13 billion years since it left the quasar, just 700 million years after the Big Bang.
Spectroscopic observations from the Keck Observatory and the Gemini Observatory show that the supermassive black hole driving Pōniuā`ena is 1.5 billion times more massive than our Sun.
"Pōniuā`ena is the most distant known object in the universe that hosts a black hole more than a billion solar masses in size," said Jinyi Yang, a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Arizona's Steward Observatory and lead author of the study.
International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld
For a black hole of this size to form so early in the universe, it would have to start as a "primordial" black hole of 10,000 solar masses about 100 million years after the Big Bang, as opposed to evolving from a much smaller black hole created by the collapse of a single star. "How could the universe form a massive black hole so early in its history?" said Xiaohui Pan, Regents Professor and deputy director of the Department of Astronomy at the University of Arizona. "This discovery presents the greatest challenge to date to the theory of the formation and evolution of black holes in the early universe."
According to the current theory, the birth of stars and galaxies as we know them began in the era of re-ionization, starting about 400 million years after the big bang. The evolution of supermassive black holes is thought to have occurred during the same era in the history of the universe.
The discovery of quasars like Pōniuā`ena, deep in the era of reionization, is a major step toward understanding this process of reionization and the formation of supermassive black holes and early massive galaxies. Pōniuā`ena placed important new restrictions on the evolution of matter between galaxies (the intergalactic medium) in the age of reionization.
“Pōniuā`ena serves as a cosmic beacon. As its light travels on the long journey to Earth, its spectrum is modified by diffuse gas in the intergalactic medium that allows us to pinpoint exactly when the reionization epoch occurred," said co-author Joseph Hinawi, a professor in the Department of Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
methodology
Young's team initially identified Pōniuā`ena as a possible quasar after rigorously scanning wide-area surveys such as the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey and data from the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy's Pan-STARRS1 telescope on the island of Maui.
In 2019, researchers observed the substance using the Gemini Observatory's GNIRS instrument and the Keck Observatory's NIRES spectrograph to confirm the existence of Pōniuā`ena.
"From the initial data from Gemini it seems that this will probably be an important discovery. Our team had scheduled viewing time at Keck just a few weeks later, perfectly timed to observe the new quasar using Keck's NIRES spectrograph to confirm its very high redshift and measure the mass of its black hole," said co-author Aron Barth,
Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of California, Irvine.
to the observatory's announcement
For the scientific article (pre-publication)
More of the topic in Hayadan:
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It's just terrible that because you don't know or don't understand something you just say it's a lie and in a discussion. If you want to know how astronomers and astrophysicists discover things, search the Internet. By the way, scientific theories are not just guesses. I bring you a box and you guess that there is a plate inside. These theories are based on years of scientific research and complicated mathematical calculations. Don't underestimate science like that.
to the mandolin
Keep playing Sam
Fascinating article, thank you very much.
post Scriptum
Irrelevant background noises can be ignored 🙂
All the delusional commenters about the imaginary friend.. Let me whisper in the space inside your ear: there is no god!!!
Only the Creator of the world governs the world. He gave a law and it will not be transgressed. There is a good plan in the whole world who put and do their will. We think that we sing. And those who don't obey are swallowed up in the black hole
Only the Creator of the world governs the world. He gave a law and it will not be transgressed. There is a good plan in the whole world who put and do their will. We think that we sing. And those who don't obey are swallowed up in the black hole
You can get a photo they took and not a drawing they drew
Why is there never a photo taken to prove it
Sorry I learned what you can't see with your eyes doesn't exist until you prove it to me with my other senses
Right now, as far as I'm concerned, it's an invention from 800 million years ago that could also be an invention from one day ago or any other time I decide to invent...
It is easier to believe in the creator of the world, although he is hidden, but his actions in the world are visible to our senses throughout history
Hanania, everything that is sold should also publish how they found it, meaning a black hole does not react directly, so the simple explanation of what brought them to the conclusion should also be published. A lot of things in astrophysics are theoretical and related to the standard model of the universe. And all they do is confirm it because they already decided that way years ago. I'm very sorry but when the academy comes down from the tree then we can talk. Why? Because there could be blacks, blacks are in general connections between stars and in practice there are no black holes and all the phenomena are visible to the eye in this case.
Hananiah Kadosh:
They are also the largest... (those created in the early universe).
For example, Lapid also has a black hole without masses and it carries only fools into the black hole
I bought a house there yesterday
If the light left the quasar thirteen billion years ago it should have reached our galaxy already many billions of years ago because our galaxy was also much closer to it then.
Where exactly has this light been all these years?
It's a bit sad that all the comments here are clearly unrelated to what was said in the article, and regarding the article - a huge step for humanity and astronomers in Hawaii, the observatory in Hawaii is one of the biggest contributors in the field of astronomy and this discovery only illustrates their greatness, it's also amazing that we can finally confirm the theory that blacks were indeed created in the early universe
The corona virus is driving the global crazy and has sent billions of people into quarantine, wearing masks, and losing their source of livelihood (the hole in their pocket) and the scientists of the world are dealing with a black hole at a great distance from the center of the country...
Pōniuāʻena meaning "invisible revolving source of creation"
lol that's what they told them it means... sounds like a hoax on tourists (:
Indeed, unfortunately, I am one of those. After all, it's the voters' fault that he didn't vote!!! But who now gives a windfall, apparently to all the "acts of corruption!!!??? As far as I'm concerned, he is worse, the incumbent promised his voters "what was will be and possibly even more." And it should be said honestly. Keeps every word!!! I salute him "under the jumper".
This creator has a name and he is the Lord of all things. He is one and his name is one Lord.
Probably, or maybe not....there is a creator in the universe and he sets us a hidden challenge: to know him.!
Hidden why? Because he forbids us to know him and see him..but he knows that if he forbids us we will actually do so.
Wonderful.
There is a place to send to him everyone who voted blue and white in the hope that Netanyahu will be overthrown and is now tearing out his last hairs when it did not happen