The early universe

Computer simulation showing baby black holes growing in a young galaxy in the early universe. Credit: Dr John Regan

New simulations offer a solution: This is how black holes grew quickly to become supermassive in the early universe

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Simulation study claims that the young universe was chaotic and rich in dense gas, allowing even “light seeds” to undergo “binge” episodes that exceeded conventional growth limits
Galaxy with a pole. Illustration: depositphotos.com

A galaxy with a star bar as it was about 11.5 billion years ago

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The eye is immediately drawn, in this month’s new image from the James Webb Space Telescope (NASA/ESA/CSA), to the “monster” at the center: the galaxy cluster Abell S1063. This huge collection of galaxies, located about 4.5 billion light-years from Earth in the constellation Grus (the Crane), dominates the field of view. A closer look reveals glowing streaks and curved arcs around it—the product of gravitational lensing—and it is precisely these that attract the researchers’ attention: these arcs are magnified and distorted images of faint, ancient galaxies from the distant universe.

Webb Space Telescope reveals that faint galaxies were more common in the early universe

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Analysis of deep observations suggests that small galaxies may explain much of the rate of star formation at cosmic dawn – but further verification is needed
The Big Bang Theory. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Study: “Cannibal Stars” and Primordial Black Holes Could Have Formed in the First Second After the Big Bang

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A cosmological model suggests that during a brief matter-dominant period immediately after inflation, halos of particles formed that gravitationally-thermally collapsed to form primordial black holes (PBHs), boson stars, and “cannibal stars” that prevent mutual annihilation of particles —
Neutrinos are created as a byproduct of nuclear fusion, such as that which occurs inside stars. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Will neutrinos reveal why the universe exists?

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A collaboration between two leading neutrino experiments, NOVA in the US and T2K in Japan, paints the most precise picture yet of neutrino oscillations – and may come closer to explaining why the universe is full of matter and not
Dark matter. Artificial intelligence visualization. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Fingerprints of dark matter: Scientists map hidden patterns in the early universe

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Rutgers University-led research reveals how Lyman-alpha-emitting galaxies provide clues about the place and role of dark matter in the evolution of the universe
An artist's impression of CAPERS-LRD-z9, home to the earliest confirmed black hole. The supermassive black hole at its center is thought to be surrounded by a thick cloud of gas, giving the galaxy its distinctive red color. Credit: Erik Zumalt, The University of Texas at Austin

Webb Telescope Discovers Oldest Black Hole – Breaking Universe Records

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Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope have detected the oldest confirmed supermassive black hole, found in a rare "Little Red Spot" galaxy and formed just 500 million years after the Big Bang.
The "Infinity Galaxy," as photographed by the James Webb Space Telescope, is the result of a cosmic collision between two galaxies that created a shape resembling the infinity sign. The merger created a new supermassive black hole, marked by the white line, about 300 times the mass of the Sun—and XNUMX billion times the mass of Earth. (Computer-simulated image of a black hole.) Credit: James Webb Space Telescope and NASA

'Never seen before' – Astronomers discover strange 'infinity' galaxy

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A magnificent black hole with an allocation disk and a cosmic hill of matter.

Supermassive black holes defy physics to become cosmic giants

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Researchers have linked X-ray emissions from 21 distant quasars to the rapid growth of supermassive black holes in the early universe
This image taken by Webb shows an ancient quasar (in the red circle) with fewer neighboring galaxies than expected. Credit: Christina Eilers/EIGER team

The Webb Space Telescope discovers quasars where they shouldn't exist

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Astronomers have used the Web to discover individual ancient quasars of uncertain origin
Galaxy display in the deep valley, including spectacular spiral and amorphous galaxies and diverse stars.

In the "Pablo" galaxy, high-speed ejection of gas by the black hole stopped the formation of new stars

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Web image showing the quasar J0148 circled in red. The upper small image shows the central black hole and the lower the stellar emission from the host galaxy.

How did black holes get so big and so fast? The answer lies in dark matter

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This groundbreaking idea proposed by Prof. Liu's team allows a single astronomical telescope in the Earth's magnetosphere to function as a gravitational wave signal detector. Credit: HKUST

Astrophysicists harness planetary power to explore the universe's greatest mysteries

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Observing the universe using gravitational waves poses significant technological challenges, especially in the investigation of the frequency range above one kilohertz, the astronomers are technologically assisted in the magnetosphere of planets to detect the gravitational waves
An artist's rendering of a Tidal Disruption Event (TDE), a star torn apart by the powerful gravity of a massive black hole. Credit: Sophia Dagnello, NRAO/AUI/NSF

Cosmic Archaeology: Using Black Holes to Discover Evidence of the Universe's First Stars

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To date there have been no convincing direct detections of Pop III stars - the first stars, because these stars formed in the early universe are very far away and too faint for our ground-based telescopes or
Artificial color JWST image of a small portion of the GOODS South field, with emphasis on JADES-GS-z7-01-QU. This type of galaxy is extremely rare. Credit: JADES Collaboration

Cosmic Time Runs Back: Webb Space Telescope Discovers 'Dead' Galaxy 13 Billion Years Old

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This galaxy experienced a tumultuous and fast life: the star formation process worked quickly and suddenly ended, a situation that is not expected at such an early stage in the evolution of the universe. It is still not clear if the "frozen" state of the galaxy
The large galaxy at the front of the image is LEDA 2046648, and it looks just over a billion years back in time, while most of the others are even further away, and therefore look further back in time. Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Martel

Looking into the past: how James Webb is rewriting our understanding of ancient galaxies

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The galaxy GS-9209. credit g. brammer c. Williams A. carnall, University of Edinburgh

Webb revealed features of a galaxy 25 billion light years away

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The galaxy is currently 25 billion light-years away, but when light began to travel from it to us about 12.5 billion years ago, it was much closer, because the universe is expanding
SMACS galaxy cluster. This image of the galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 and its surroundings was the first image released from the James Webb Space Telescope in July 2022. The five close-up images are about 19,000 light-years across and show galaxies as they appeared about 13 billion years ago. Careful analysis of these galaxies reveals that if we cannot resolve the discrepancy, we may greatly underestimate the total mass of its stars. Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI / Giménez-Arteaga et al. (2023), Peter Lorsen (Cosmic Dawn Center).

Astronomers are surprised by the unexpected size of galaxies in the early universe photographed by the James Webb Space Telescope

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The first findings from the James Webb space telescope hinted at galaxies so early and massive that they are somewhat inconsistent with our understanding of the formation of structure in the universe. A new study tries to deal with the contradictions
Webb and Hubble Space Telescope composite image of the RX J2129 galaxy cluster, with three images of the 9.51 redshift galaxy circled in green. From the scientific article

Ancient compact galaxy with high star formation rate discovered by Webb Space Telescope

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The redshift of this galaxy reaches 9.51 meaning that it was seen when the age of the universe was only 550 million years old. The rate of star formation in it is 10 times greater than the Milky Way
An artist's impression of the formation of the quasar Pōniuā`ena, which began with a primordial black hole, 100 million years after the Big Bang. Illustration: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld

A monstrous black hole with a billion solar masses has been discovered in the early universe

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The three images from top to bottom show what the evolutionary trajectory of galaxies such as XMM-2599 looks like, which starts out as a dusty galaxy full of star formation, then becomes a dead galaxy, possibly becoming the "brightest galaxy cluster" Credit: (NRAO/AUI/NSF/ B. Saxton; NASA/ESA/R. Foley; NASA/StScI)

Astronomers discover an unusual monstrous galaxy in the very early universe

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A composite image of the galaxy cluster XLSSC 122 using images from the Hubble Space Telescope and the European Observatory's Very Large Telescope. The white outlines reveal strong X-ray emission observed by the European Space Agency's Multi-Mirror satellite. (John Willis) . Courtesy of the author

New clues in the search for the oldest galaxies in the universe

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A pattern of radio waves in the sky created by the combination of radiation from the first stars and the influence of dark matter. The blue regions are those where the dark matter has supercooled the normal matter. Source: Prof. Renan Barkana.

Israeli research has found the first tangible proof of the existence of dark matter in the universe

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Imaging of the quasar J1342+0928, the active galactic halo that contains at its center a supermassive black hole, with a mass 800 million times that of our Sun, that is gobbling up a lot of material from a hot disk surrounding it. Source: Robin Dienel/Carnegie Institution for Science.

The most distant supermassive black hole to date has been discovered

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The galaxy EGS8p7 as seen from the Hubble Space Telescope (the large image and the image on the upper right, and by the Spitzer Space Telescope) lower right in infrared. I. Labbe, (Leiden University), NASA/ESA/JPL-Caltech

The most distant and therefore also the oldest galaxy so far has been discovered

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The Milky Way as photographed from 5,000 meters above sea level on the Chimborazo volcano in Ecuador. Photo: shutterstock - one new sun a year

Why galaxies in the early universe died young

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MACS0647-JD - Galaxy considered the oldest observed so far (November 2012). Photo: Hubble Space Telescope

A candidate for the farthest galaxy

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An example of a supernova discovered in the deep field of the Subaru telescope, by researchers from Israel, Japan and the USA

Israeli researchers discovered the oldest and most distant exploding stars in the universe

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The southern star field GOODS - as imaged from the VLT with the help of a filter that enables the detection of light from galaxies that have so far not been observed

90% of the lost galaxies in the early universe have been found

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Cosmic scene with DNA, stars, solvents and atomic circles in oral flow.

Watch the formation of the universe through microwaves

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