Hydrogen should play a major role in future renewable energy technologies, all experts agree, only if cheap, efficient and carbon-free means of producing it can be developed. An important step towards conquering this elusive target was made by a team of researchers from the US Department of Energy (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) and the University of Berkeley in California. The team discovered an inexpensive metallic catalyst capable of efficiently producing hydrogen gas from water.
"Our innovative hydrogen redox catalyst is based on a molybdenum-oxo metal coupling that is seventy times cheaper than platinum, the most common metal catalyst used today for water splitting," said Hemamala Karunadasa, one of the co-discoverers of this coupling.
"In addition, our catalyst does not require organic additives, and is able to operate in neutral water, even if it is dirty, in neutral electrolytes, and it is also able to operate in drinking water, the most common source of hydrogen on earth. These properties make our catalyst ideal for the development of renewable energy and sustainable chemistry." The findings of this study were published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature.
Hydrogen gas, whether it is used in combustion or in fuel cells to generate electricity, emits only water vapor as the emission product, and therefore the idea of using it should lead towards a hydrogen economy if only hydrogen reservoirs were found. However, hydrogen gas does not appear in nature as such and must be produced from other materials. Most of the hydrogen gas in the US today comes from natural gas - fossil fuel. Although inexpensive, this method adds large amounts of carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Hydrogen gas can also be produced by the electrolysis of water - using electricity to split parts of water into parts of hydrogen and oxygen. This is an environmentally friendly (green) and sustainable (stable) production method - especially if the electricity is produced using renewable energy technology such as solar energy or wind energy - but it requires a catalyst that breaks the chemical bonds in the water.
Nature has "developed", over the years, highly efficient water-splitting enzymes called hydrogenases - for the use of plants during photosynthesis, however, these enzymes are extremely sensitive and lose their activity quickly when they are outside their natural and normal environment. The needs of humanity require a stable metallic catalyst that can also operate in non-biological systems.
It is true that there are commercial metallic catalysts, but the metals that make them up are relatively expensive and thus prevent a more widespread use. For example, the price of an ounce (28 grams) of platinum, the best catalyst among them, is two thousand dollars.
"The basic scientific challenge was to prepare a molecular system consisting of a metal that is common on the planet that can produce hydrogen from water and that has both high catalytic activity and stability," explains the researcher. "We believe that our discovery of a molybdenum-oxo molecular catalyst capable of producing hydrogen from water without the use of acids or additional organic co-solvents establishes an innovative chemical method for the preparation of redox catalysts that are highly active and efficient in an aqueous medium."
The conjugate that the researchers discovered consists of a high-valence metal with the chemical name of (PY5Me2)Mo-oxo. In their study, the scientists found that this coupling catalyzes the production of hydrogen from water in a neutral solution or even from seawater at a rate of 2.4 moles of hydrogen per mole of catalyst per second. The researchers note: "This metal-oxo coupling represents a unique molecular motif for redox catalysts with high activity and great stability in water.
"We are now focusing on changing the PY5Me group of the conjugate and are examining other metal conjugates based on a similar skeleton to understand if they will succeed in promoting charge-based and light-based catalytic processes. Our emphasis is placed on chemistry related to sustainable energy circuits."
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Friend, I read all your comments
I am a mechanic and car electrician by profession
I thought about this idea for 7 years already and I did it then it consumed about 30 amps today we brought the system to a state where it only requires 6 amps at the beginning and reaches a maximum of 10 amps based on a mixture
The system company saves both fuel and cleans the pistons and all the soot in the exhaust, it's a waste of time, it's a ticking time bomb for our country
People are a great thing. More serious than the energy crisis in the world, there is an even more serious water crisis... If it is possible to produce clean water from seawater in this way, there is an unparalleled discovery here.
Producing clean water from seawater while recovering energy by oxidizing the resulting hydrogen can be an unparalleled economic process, plus there are no disadvantages of desalinated water using the reverse osmosis method (high concentrations of boron that harms plants).
The cool Ziv.
And what about the vehicle's battery? To what extent do you think it can contribute to the balance of the system? Or is it theoretically useless?
Haim:
And why, if you say that the writers in the forum understand very little about the subject, do you repeat the words of some of them?
I agree with what Adi said.
to me Note that the writers in the forum understand very little about the subject.
They make up stories and produce illogical theses.
The whole issue around hydrogen has been chewed up for many years. Today, the experts only deal with edge improvements.
Mainly on the issue of storage, which is the main problem with hydrogen. The first to develop a serious storage system will be the market leader.
Regarding the release of the energy from the hydrogen, there are basically two ways. One, a reactor that turns the hydrogen into electricity directly and the result, of course, is water. The second, an internal combustion engine that releases energy by burning.
In the reactor, the efficiency (including the electric motor) approaches 90%. In the fire, they reached only 45%.
The costs of the energy conversion are also different. The reactor is very expensive, in combustion it is a conventional piston engine.
By the way, producing hydrogen requires energy. Therefore, in any case, we will not receive from nowhere. The thesis of hydrogen production by solar, wind and possibly nuclear energy, etc. is the correct one and it will be the future source of hydrogen.
Haim:
Why, because you claimed power to farts in this place?
rascals!!!!!
The problem is the storage of the hydrogen and not the production.
What they invented are electrodes that are not eaten during the process and nothing more.
Those who don't understand will fart somewhere else.
Lior:
A small correction regarding the alternator,
Although the alternator rotates permanently with the engine, it only turns it harder according to the electricity consumption.
This means that there is a large consumption, it is definitely burdening him.
That's why it's important to control the electricity consumption in the fuel cells, so that they don't draw too much energy and burn out your alternator...
There is another system that works on steam (which also in a boiling battery, the oxygen and hydrogen are separated from the water) and it works on the heat of the exhaust gases of the engine, and does not need electricity at all.
I have not seen this system work, but theoretically it can also work
http://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/site/HE/weizman.asp?pi=439&doc_id=2417&interID=1033&sq=1033
And maybe you are right.
I did not connect it myself to my car but I find it hard to believe that hundreds of people are just lying for no apparent reason.
Indeed I will bring and check myself. Yes.. it will take some time but then we can be sure.
Adi my friend.. you are probably hot o and even strong in theories.. but everything you said is not really related to practice.
My correction to HHO is generally about a keyword for eBay..and search engines are usually not interested in compounds and mixtures but exact keywords. Search for H2O and you won't find the product. That's why the correction was necessary. Well... you just didn't read the first subcomment. (And then you I so don't understand what you are talking about, that even your correction indicates that 🙂 )
And your formula really doesn't take into account what's really going on under the hood..
What you describe as net X is not really net X at all because when you start the engine anyway regularly the alternator is turned on which creates electricity and fills the battery to provide the electricity needed for the vehicle's systems... and therefore this X already includes the E that I use in my system which is connected to the battery..
That's why regularly the wheels always get "XE" regardless of my system
In fact, the system takes energy that is wasted from filling and is lost and simply injects it back into the engine without detracting from the power "X" that goes to the wheels ..which is expressed in fuel consumption..
Do you understand? It's not that a car runs on X amount of energy and suddenly when you connect the system it starts generating special electricity for it that subtracts from the "X".. Rather, it fills up and produces this electricity regularly. And instead of being wasted to nothing, it is used to save fuel.
I must say (although it may be petty) that this delusion is not me...
I'm optimistic, but not that much.
Lior,
You don't understand what you're talking about so much, that even your correction shows it 🙂
The system you are talking about electrolyzes water (H2O) and turns it into oxygen and hydrogen, labeled as HHO, and the fact that the hydrogens are labeled separately signifies the fact that it is a mixture (gases in this case) and not a compound. So Machel had no reason to doubt your words.
I reinforce it and emphasize that this part:
"The car drives? Yes.. Saves fuel? Yes" in your key chain is wrong.
Your engine produces X energy. You use e for your system, and Xe to turn the wheels.
Your system yields oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen burns in oxygen and f energy is created, when f
Lior:
I did not cancel your words.
I asked a question.
From your answer I learned that the answer is negative.
You didn't try!
Indeed - you did an electrolysis experiment and created hydrogen which is indeed a flammable gas.
Big deal.
You just didn't take into account the fact that the electricity consumption from the battery was higher than the energy created in the combustion.
That's what I said in the beginning but you probably dismissed my words so much that you didn't even read them.
There is no one in the State of Israel who forbids you to spend your money installing such a facility and please do not make up false stories.
jewel:
Could be but that is not what is claimed.
Michael, you are so dismissive of my words in advance..that you didn't even look for information yourself
Otherwise you would have noticed that H2O is not correct
My mistake..HHO
I will not detail anything here about the vehicle.. there are voices that say it is illegal to install it in Israel.
But you can try it yourself at home, even 9V is enough for a small experiment..
Take a glass of water, put a teaspoon of baking powder and put in a 9V battery, you will see the gas that is created..flammable.
For a more complex and effective experiment you will need 12 V and some materials that can be obtained in any warehouse.
Any little search will yield you a bunch of guides.
http://tinyurl.com/3xyxorp
You can see hundreds of videos of people who have installed in the car.
http://tinyurl.com/3ahqwae
And I don't understand what the logical problem is here..
Create HHO from the electrical system in the car.. not a problem.
Insert a tube into the air intake system.. no problem.
Is the gas flammable? Yes..does it mix with the gasoline? Yes..the car drives? Yes..saves fuel?
By the way, traveling with hydrogen cylinders in a car is also safer than regular fuel. At least that's how he explains it.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BX2RxlXCZKA
Are there capitalists and rulers who are more interested in the coupon in their pocket than a green world? No...it's not possible..
Governments full of slaughter? No.. It's not possible.. We've never heard that there are thieves, robbers and rapists in politics..
Media controlled by vested interests? No...nonsense. Head against the wall? Always.
Michael,
Could it be that the whole thing here is actually the oxygen, and not the hydrogen?
Could it be that it simply enriches the mixture with oxygen, which causes a more efficient combustion and an increase in the efficiency of the engine (as compared to the injection of dinitrogen oxygen, for example), and that the hydrogen is not related at all?
What is "tried myself"
It is mounted on your car and saves you gas?
Are you ready to demonstrate?
Ziv is right!
I tried myself.
And it's very simple.
And such kits are not a problem to get, nor are they particularly complicated to build on your own.
For example, write H2O KIT on eBay and you will find it.
Most people dismiss my words in advance until they see proof..that's how people are today, as long as it's not published in the open, they don't believe it.
splendor:
I don't know if I have already come across this link or something else like it, but what I do know is that I have never come across anyone for whom this thing worked.
It doesn't surprise me that much in light of the fact that it contradicts the known laws of nature but it is always possible that someone has discovered proof that the known laws of nature are incorrect.
Therefore, although I do not believe that you will be able to activate the system and get the promised result from it, I would love to hear the opposite, if it happens.
In the meantime, according to my understanding, there is no basis for your claim that the issue really works and there is certainly no basis for the claim of harassment by the authorities.
http://www.watertogas.com/
This is a company that markets the aforementioned system,
So.
The system is combined with hydrogen and gasoline, with the hydrogen entering in small quantities through the engine's intake manifold, thus enriching the air that the engine draws in with hydrogen and oxygen.
The decomposition is done entirely in small fuel cells, which are fed by the car's electrical system, the hydrogen is not stored anywhere, as soon as it is formed, it goes into the combustion chambers of the engine.
Again, you don't need to create large amounts of hydrogen to achieve an effect, a little is needed when in fact the hydrogen and oxygen improve the combustion inside the engine and thus reduce fuel consumption.
In order not to confuse the injection computer, you have to make some changes to the sensors, or install a controller
The system not only saves but also increases the engine power by more than 10 horsepower.
I have been trying for some time to bring the "kit" from the USA, when its cost ranges from 50 to 250 dollars
Someone completely different
The energy content of hydrogen is 143 megajoules per kilo and of gasoline 46.4 megajoules per kilo
To me it looks like about three times the benefits of hydrogen
Map
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density
For everyone who asked about refueling with hydrogen: the energy content in relation to the volume of hydrogen
It is relatively small and requires the use of extremely low temperatures
Turning the hydrogen into a liquid - not particularly practical in everyday use.
Ziv, what you're saying doesn't sound thermodynamically logical.
When you react with hydrogen, you get water, to produce hydrogen from water, you need the same amount of energy to break the bond. And this is assuming that in both cases you get 100% efficiency, that is, you have no heat losses or other losses to the environment.
The idea of using hydrogen is that it will be produced in clean energy, and then we can use it as a non-polluting source. Personally, I am afraid of the problem of traveling with a hydrogen balloon in a car, it is enough that the balloon burst during an accident, and I take with me even the mother of the other driver and maybe some innocent bystanders...
Therefore, the problem is actually divided into 3:
1. Cheap production of hydrogen, also in terms of energy
2. Safe storage of hydrogen, and in quantities (you won't want to refuel every 10 km)
3. Creating an "engine" that works on hydrogen, probably a fuel cell, that would be easy, efficient, and small to fit into a car.
Only significant progress in the three fields at the same time will allow a transition to a hydrogen economy...
splendor:
Your words are such a blatant lie that it's really hard not to laugh.
Don't you know that the government actually encourages the reduction of oil consumption?
I am already benefiting from this government initiative in terms of fuel savings (I bought a hybrid car that consumes a little more than half the fuel that a normal car consumes) and these days are about to start installing a solar system to generate electricity on my roof.
Can you explain to me why you don't try to import the product yourself?
It is clear that many people will jump on it because everyone wants to save money.
Knows what? Let's say that for some principled reason you don't want to get rich.
Why don't you buy the system for personal import for your own use.
Maybe you don't understand this but you don't have such a system because there is no such system in the world.
But go mingle with Tamir.
splendor,
Can I have a link to it please?
First of all, anyone can purchase such a system without a problem, and it works...
If you were an oil importer/refinery owner/a government that imposes more than 100% taxes on buying fuel, you would have a very great interest in torpedoing such a move, from simple logic. Oil is the most powerful market in the world, and in it are the most powerful people in the world...
But as it seems right now your opacity does not allow any kind of dialogue at all
So, keep buying gas like everyone else...
splendor:
The thing with electrolysis is complete bullshit.
The energy needed to separate the hydrogen in the electrolysis process is higher than the energy produced from it as a fuel.
There is no such car! is nothing! Just all kinds of conspiracy theories.
How do you think it is possible to "torpedo the development" of such a thing?
Why don't you equip yourself with such a system?
It seems to me that maybe it is possible to take you and Tamir, mix good and good and mix two people who have no delusional prejudice - neither here nor there.
Since the 80s, cars have been developed that run on hydrogen that is simultaneously produced by breaking down water (electrolysis)
The entire system is in the car so that in practice all that remains is to fuel it with water.
Currently there are quite a few people who have created a similar system that combines hydrogen with fuel and reduces fuel consumption by more than 50%...
The technology exists, but various interests in the oil industry have been thwarting development for decades.
To load, electrolysis of water creates hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, your battery in your car creates small amounts of hydrogen during charging and discharging, the solution for an electric car is the use of fuel cells, there are currently experimental vehicles that run on fuel cells, the price of such a car is a million dollars mainly because of the use of precious metals such as platinum and palladium.
I don't really understand how you can generate electricity, if you extract hydrogen (and probably also oxygen) from water, and then turn the hydrogen back (along with oxygen) into water.
We still need to find a way to store hydrogen safely enough for private vehicle use. In addition, cheap fuel cells with a sufficient lifespan should be created (using hydrogen for internal combustion is a terrible waste of energy).
It seems to me personally that batteries would be a much more realistic solution - a fact that electric cars are already sold today (Tesla for example), while no company sells a hydrogen-based car (there are some experimental vehicles, but not commercial ones).
The question is, is it worth investing in hydrogen production and mandating only hydrogen refueling in transportation and thus getting rid of dependence on oil? It seems so, if the government promotes it we can reduce pollution much faster than waiting for all the cars in the country to be electric.
Because to produce hydrogen you need electricity
And currently the cheapest way to generate electricity is to burn fossil fuels
So what are you waiting for? Why don't they open stations to refuel with hydrogen and fuel the cars with hydrogen instead of gasoline and drive with 0 pollution?
to unite,
Yes, and the change that needs to be made to a gasoline engine in order for it to run on hydrogen is a relatively simple change
Can hydrogen gas be used in combustion? Does this mean that it can be used in internal combustion engines and instead of exhaust gases will emit water from the exhaust?