Black holes are known as celestial bodies with many strange properties, such as the property that nothing, not even light, can escape from them. A less known, but no less strange, feature is that black holes seem to "know" in advance what should happen in the future. This is according to a study published in the scientific journal Physical Review Letters
[Translation by Dr. Nachmani]
Black holes are known as celestial bodies with many strange properties, such as the property that nothing, not even light, can escape from them. A less known, but no less strange, feature is that black holes seem to "know" in advance what should happen in the future.
In a new article published in the scientific journal Physical Review Letters, researcher Raphael Bousso, a professor at the University of California at Berkeley, and his colleagues, published a new law within the framework of general relativity based on treating black holes as concave geometric objects called 'holographic screens'. "The definition of the event horizon in relation to black holes is an artificial concept used by physicists: the event horizon is defined in relation to an infinite future duration, so that by definition a black hole "knows" what the full future of the universe is," explains the lead researcher. In general relativity, the event horizon of a black hole cannot be observed by an observer at a given time, so there is no logic to the idea that the black hole will know what the future is. It's just a convenient way to describe black holes."
The researcher explains that holographic screens are so interesting because they are defined in a way that depends on more local properties and do not require any information about the infinite future. In their paper, the researchers report a new law that determines in which direction the area of the holographic screen increases, a direction that depends on its definition as "holographic screen in the future" or "holographic screen in the past". As the researchers explain, these two types of screens define two types of gravitational fields. "Holographic screens constitute a local boundary for areas of powerful gravitational fields," explains the lead researcher. "Holographic screens in the future refer to gravitational fields that attract matter towards them (for example, a black hole, the big contraction), while holographic screens in the past refer to areas where matter is spread everywhere (for example, the Big Bang event, a white hole)".
The new area law states that the area of a holographic screen in the future will always increase in one direction, while the area of a holographic screen in the past will always increase in a second (other) direction. The law has a number of fascinating implications in regards to the field of thermodynamics and the idea that space-time is actually a hologram. According to the holographic principle, the amount of information or entropy in a given area is related to its surface area. So if you treat surface as the entropy limit, the surface law can reveal the direction of thermodynamic time (which, as the scientists note, is not the same as mathematical time).
In light of the fact that the area of the holographic screens for the future and the past grow in different directions, the direction of time is different for each type of screen. In past screens, time moves forward. Expanding universes, like ours, involve holographic screens to the past, so we naturally perceive thermodynamic time as moving forward. In contrast, time will move backwards in holographic screens to the future. In a sense, this interpretation gives rise to the strange result that thermodynamic time moves backwards inside black holes and inside collapsing universes.
The scientists also note in their paper that this is the first widely applicable area law of general relativity since 1971, when Stephen Hawking showed that the event horizon of a black hole (and therefore its total surface area) is never small. However, later, Hawking showed that in the presence of quantum effects, black holes emit radiation. This emission causes the event horizon of a black hole, its surface area and its mass to decrease over time, and thus eventually the black hole evaporates and disappears. However, in the absence of quantum effects, Hawking's area law is still valid. "Our new area law is valid in the absence of quantum effects, and we hope that in the future we will be able to prove a more general area law that will also be valid in the presence of certain quantum effects," adds the lead researcher.
![The new law of areas states that the area of a future holographic screen (the continuous blue line [a]) will always increase in one direction, while the area of a past holographic screen (the continuous blue line [b]) will always increase in another direction. [Courtesy: Bousso and Engelhardt. ©2015 American Physical Society]](https://www.hayadan.org.il/images/content3/2015/11/newarealaw1-500x263.jpg)
for the scientific article
More of the topic in Hayadan:
15 תגובות
First of all, because it is impossible to return to our universe after crossing the event horizon - what does it matter if time there continues forward or goes back? After all, the definition of a "scientific theory" is that not only can phenomena be explained using it, but also predictions can be made, and if they match - then the theory becomes more reliable; But it is impossible to check the prediction of going back in time - so it is not a theory but just a guess or a beautiful story, and nothing more!
Second, a "white hole" can be any powerful energy source; If so, it could even be that quasars are actually "white holes"! This is of course just an example of a "theory", which emphasizes our lack of knowledge in cosmology even today.
In fact, if we say that every "black hole" has a "white hole" in our universe, and that a "white hole" does not necessarily have geometric dimensions of the order of magnitude of the "black hole" connected to it - could it be that, similar to particles in quantum mechanics - a "white hole" It is not located at one point but is "spread" over a huge volume, and in fact all the matter that is sucked into its "black hole" actually returns to our universe in a dispersed form and is not focused at a certain point or in a given volume (let's say that the matter that returns to the universe has a wave function that is "spread" over face thousands of cubic light years)?
This is an example of one of my ideas for unifying quantum mechanics with relativity. Beyond that, this idea of mine can also explain the origin and quantity of the "dark matter", also explain the non-uniformity in the background radiation in the universe, and perhaps also provide a logical, simple and realistic alternative (that is, it will not only explain the phenomenon in "high mathematics" but also given to a "physical understanding" and a more intuitive explanation) to "Hawking radiation", according to which "black holes" simply disappear in very long periods of time: it is possible that they are simply swallowed "into themselves" and then spread throughout the universe in the form of "white holes" scattered and not located ? By the way, all this without the need to add dimensions in addition to the 4 dimensions of relativity (I've already heard of between 5 and 26 dimensions "folded" in normal space-time)...
this is really cool!
Messiah
What were you trying to say?
interesting!! I just saw the movie Interstellar
Any child between the ages of three who is cut off from technology will be able to think of beautiful and complex theories that are no less true than any stupid scientist writes how many nonsense how many definitions for intelligent minds will be shaken in every light in the dark in the collapse space has no direction it is infinite and the human square brain can only dream and pollute the brain with theories that are far from proposals because You have to write an article to have something behind the name
How to stop metastases!
In the film Interstellar by Matthew McConaughey, who is from DVB, a tesseract structure is proposed in the black hole where time is spread out as an additional dimension and it is possible to reach any point in time. The script for the film was written by or in collaboration with Professor Kip Thorne. This professor is the father or one of the promoters of the idea of the wormhole as a way of time travel.
In a structure where time exists simultaneously at several points in time, it is possible that the black hole knew what the future is. In the film, the time of another place is spread out and not of the hero of the film who is in the black hole. It's interesting that this movie, which is completely science fiction, met partially by chance probably with the theoretical discovery presented here. The tesseract is somewhat reminiscent of Asher's paintings of stairs without beginning and without end or of the Mobius curve. Drawings that today turn out to be possible mathematics and maybe also physics.
The disturbing thing about the article found in ARXIV is that it doesn't even have a single formula, which casts some doubt on its robustness.
The article discusses, in my opinion, an important discovery. The article is free
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1504.07627.pdf
He shows that we still do not know about super laws that are created from the basic laws of general relativity. If it is possible both in general relativity and in quantum theory to move backwards, then perhaps in integrated reality it is also possible.
Unfortunately, the main researcher's explanations are less understandable than his silence.
You will know if inside each black hole there are not an infinite number of white holes that inside each one have an infinite number of black holes and repeat, God forbid, an infinite number of times in both directions
There is one white hole in our universe which is the big bang that made space-time possible or created and within it a large number of black holes that can only exist within space-time...
Raphael
Why do you think there is one white hole in the universe? (It seems to me that the question you are actually asking is why the universe is the only white hole there is)
It is actually unknown if a white hole exists in reality. A white hole is a theoretical game that simply posits a black hole moving backwards in time.
If really, on the "other side" of a black hole there is a white hole, it is possible that it is in another universe. It is possible that "he" will be another. It is possible that the emission of the material from it is not continuous and occurs only above a certain threshold. If so, what will be observed will be a strong, rapid and unexplained emission of energy. (Gamma burst?).
Time is relative, it can stretch and it can squeeze, but, it can't run backwards! Just can't. The only thing that can move across dimensions, like time, is gravity.
If the opposite of a black hole is a "white hole" then why is there a multitude of black holes in our universe and only one white hole that contains them all?