The CEO of CERN, Dr. Rolf Hoyer, described in his lecture at Tel Aviv University the discoveries of the LHC from its beginnings to the discovery of the Higgs, and says that all of this constitutes only 5% of the universe, and we are just beginning to explore dark matter and dark energy. Hoyer visited Israel on the occasion of the 60th anniversary celebrations of the European Organization for Nuclear Energy for Peaceful Purposes (CERN), which Israel recently joined as a full member.
It has been known for about 20 years that normal matter, whose mass the Higgs boson is responsible for, constitutes only 5% of the mass of the universe, another 25% is dark matter, which behaves like normal matter but lacks light, and the rest is filled by dark energy - the same force that causes the universe to accelerate its expansion. This is how the CEO of CERN, Dr. Rolf Hoyer, described it in a lecture he gave to the general audience at Tel Aviv University on Thursday, April 10, 2014.
Hoyer visited Israel on the occasion of the 60th anniversary celebrations of the European Organization for Nuclear Energy for Peaceful Purposes (CERN), which Israel recently joined as a full member. Today, as Hoyer defines it, Seren is a science for peace organization. The facilities are actually jointly owned by all the member countries of the organization - and Israel is the 21st country to join it in the last few months. On the waiting list are much larger countries such as Turkey, Russia, Ukraine and Brazil.
After describing the history of the various accelerators, some of which, by the way, are still operating today in addition to the LHC, and about Israel's contribution, especially in establishing and participating in the Atlas facility, Hoyer moved on to the scientific part and described the series of discoveries that led to the discovery of the Higgs boson through two experiments at the LHC Atlas and -LHC (as is known, Prof. Elam Gross from the Weizmann Institute was headed by the search team for the Higgs boson in the Atlas experiment. AB). "The Large Hadron Collider - the LHC can be compared to a huge microscope that allows us to examine the universe as it was at its birth."
"The Higgs boson was the last stone we were missing in the standard model, but the discovery of the Higgs boson is just the beginning. Finding out is easy, now comes the hard part. What next. We know that there is a Higgs boson but the question is whether it is the Higgs boson, i.e. is it the only one or is there a family of particles similar to it. Some theories that try to extend physics beyond the standard model hold that there are several Higgs bosons."
"Let's say we know someone who has an identical twin. They look the same. The only way to tell them apart is through the way they pronounce a certain word. And now one of them is coming, and you don't know which of the twins it is. You have to convince him to talk, and at some point he will say the word that differentiates them. We need to perform a lot of measurements to know whether it is a single particle or one of a family."
This is important information, says Hoyer. "The properties of that particle will give us an indication of the nature of dark matter and maybe even hints of the nature of dark energy since the Higgs boson and dark energy are scalars."
"Our understanding of the universe is certainly going to change. To prepare for this, we established a program at the LHC known as 'Physics after 2030', not only with regard to the Higgs, but also other measurements that may advance us in post-Standard Model physics."
But despite everything we are required to be modest. At the conclusion of his lecture, Prof. Hoyer said: "The discoveries in recent decades have provided us with an accurate measurement of 5% of our universe through the discovery of the standard model. The LHC provided the data and now we have a discovery but we are only beginning to explore 95% of our universe. The future is bright for the dark universe.”
Videography: Avi Blizovsky
In the same topic on the science website:
18 תגובות
Yehuda
Beautiful 🙂
It reminds me a lot (although it's definitely different) of a Stanislav Lem short story called The Seventh Sally.
for miracles
Following on from your words
https://www.hayadan.org.il/sevdermish250904/
Yehuda
I liked your wording about the existence of God. The truth is that there are other options. It could be that God was, created the world in 6 days, said "What have I done!!!", and hanged himself....
for miracles
I stopped looking for God. After all, there are only two possibilities - either he doesn't exist, or he exists and sat quietly in the Holocaust. There is no other option. Of these two options, I prefer the first option - he does not exist. point.
To Zvika
You get confidence in the dark mass from the discovery of the neutrino. It doesn't matter to me. It is similar to the sentence:- I will be able to learn Chinese because someone learned German after thirty years. It seems unrelated to me. We'll see each other in April 2094. Just promise me you won't ask for an extension!
My approach is that there is no assurance that the gravitation formula proven at a distance of a thousand light years (inner solar system) will also be correct at a distance of 100,000 light years - one hundred million times the diameter of the galaxy or for the entire universe which is ten thousand billion times the size of the solar system. A small error in the definition of the formula in the solar system will be multiplied thousands of billions in the universe. Therefore, the definition of dark mass obtained from the correctness of Newton's formula in galaxies and the universe, is built on chicken skins.
It's like saying the moon is driven by the same force as my fingers typing this response. It's ridiculous!
But what do I understand?
Happy holiday!
Sabdarmish Yehuda
to Judah,
Quite by chance, after our discussion, I happened to watch the sixth episode of Cosmos. Towards the end of the chapter, the neutrino particle is mentioned whose existence is predicted based on an energy mismatch during the decay of radioactive radiation.
It took about thirty years to find proof of its existence because of the minimal interaction it has with atoms of any kind, so a neutrino detector is a complex matter.
I'm pretty sure that quite a few people sat around during those three decades and tried to find what was wrong with the equations and how they could be adjusted for the strange results.
In any case, we closed the matter earlier on a date for another eighty years, but if you happen to watch the episode, it will remind you very much of our discussion...
Happy holiday to you and all the readers and commenters of the site.
Yehuda
God has been sought for thousands of years - why not stop this search as well? 🙂
To Zvika
If so, I understand that we have no choice but to meet in eighty years and see if we have searched enough. Alternatively, we can decide that we have already searched for enough mass and dark energy and decide now what we do.
I prefer to turn to the second way and do not think there is any point in waiting.
Good luck to both of us
Happy holiday!
Sabdarmish Yehuda
to Judah,
I hope I respond gently and to the point 🙂
You are absolutely right that sometimes theories predict something that is later completely unfounded. And that's perfectly fine. This is exactly how science works.
At the moment, there are many facts that support the existence of such dark matter, such as radiation distortions around what appears to be a mass that we cannot distinguish, and therefore most physicists and astrophysicists suspect its existence. There are also projects that try to think differently, like MOND or TeVeS.
In the end, either they will find such a dark matter that will explain the theory, or they will find an alternative theory, and the dark matter will go the way of the phlogiston. As soon as Lavoisier's theory of oxygen came up, phlogiston disappeared and was forgotten.
Basically, there is a scientific problem here that has no known solution but only such and such theories, and the answers are sought both in proving the existence of dark matter and in finding the errors in the existing theories. I see no point in stopping the search for dark matter just because 80 years have passed. Maxwell assumed the existence of radio waves according to his theory, and only after 20 years did they prove their existence. From the assumption of the existence of quasars to the proof of their existence, 12 years passed. 80 years is not too long in my opinion, especially if you consider that advanced search technology has only existed for perhaps the last 30 years.
To Zvika
The fact that they discovered the X boson, the neutrinos, and the planet Pluto, does not mean that they will also discover the two dark mass particles. After all, there are dozens of cases where this is not the case, for example they did not discover the caloric liquid or the phlogiston that came to explain the warming of bodies, or the planet Vulcan that came to explain the precession of the planet Hema. You are allowed to search, but you have to decide when to say - that's it!. Eighty years of searching for the dark mass and not much success. It is true that the conclusion is difficult because it would have to be decided that Newton's gravitation formula is (very) flawed at the large cosmological distances - with all that this means regarding the theory of relativity, which will also require correction, and a serious damage to the essence of dark energy.
If you need a few more hours of searching, rest, but wait endlessly?
Please respond gently
Happy holiday
Sabdarmish Yehuda
Yehuda Sabdarmish,
It's not accurate. The theory that exists today, and the formulas that come with it, predict the existence of such a substance. Scientists work in both directions, trying to prove its existence or trying to find formulas that will contain the problem that the previous ones are unable to contain.
The Higgs boson is an excellent example of this. The model predicted its existence even though no one had seen it yet. Much later, by experiments designed for this, they discovered it. Of course, this strengthens the existing model, but equally, if they hadn't discovered it, a different understanding would have been required.
So is dark matter. We are trying to understand how it is possible to prove a substance that does not emit radiation and plan an experiment that will reveal it to us. If they succeed, it will strengthen the existing model and open the door to new questions. If they do not succeed, they will have to solve the matter by new insights.
Prediction of experimental results, or of a particle, or of a substance, based on theories is a central part of science.
Dark matter will never be discovered because it does not exist. They are looking for material that will justify the correctness of Newton's gravitation formula at the great cosmological distances, which is not at all certain to be true. When a formula does not produce results that match the measured measurements, it is ridiculous to change the measurements in the field to fit the formula. The formula should be fixed or thrown away. If you were going to buy ten matzahs for Passover, would you be willing to get 9 Appalos? I do not!
And it doesn't seem to me that the universe should agree with the conflict it has with the gravitation formula.
Happy holiday!
Please respond gently
Sabdarmish Yehuda
At the end of the lecture Fr Hoyer was asked about the discovery of the new hadron with 2 quarks and 2 antiquarks
According to him, the discovery of the particle has not yet been confirmed!
And just as the search for the ether in the past promoted science, the search for dark matter today also promotes science.
haha genius (period)
Today's dark matter is like the ether of old.