In the USA they managed to create a "fermionic condensation", which will lead to a breakthrough in the development of superconductors
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Scientists in the United States announced that they succeeded in creating a new state of aggregation of matter - the sixth in number. In their opinion, this may be the most efficient and cost-effective future form of electricity transmission. The new state of aggregation will be called "fermionic condensation" (from condensation and compression).
The five states of aggregation of matter that have been known so far are: solid, liquid, gas, plasma (hot gas) and bosonic condensation (named after the Indian physicist Bose, who worked with Einstein). The last state of aggregation was created in the laboratory in 1995 artificially. The sixth, new form is also artificial, but it is undoubtedly more exotic and rare.
To create the new state of aggregation, researchers at the University of Colorado cooled potassium gas to a billionth of a degree, above absolute zero. At this point the particles of matter stopped moving and froze. The gas was trapped in an empty chamber (vacuum), and with the help of a magnetic field and laser radiation, the researchers changed the arrangement of the condensed potassium atoms and separated them. The result: a new state of aggregation of the material - both condensed and compressed.
The researchers added the word "fermionic" to the term "condensation", after the general concept that defines the building blocks of matter - the fermions. These are all the subatomic particles - protons, electrons and neutrons.
The experiment in which the discovery was made does not currently provide any application in everyday life, but the way the potassium atoms behaved in the new state gives hope that a way will be found to turn them into a solid under room temperature conditions, thus turning this material into a superconductor. which will be very useful for transmitting electricity without losing energy, unlike the existing transmission methods. Today, about 10% of all the electricity produced in the world is lost during transmission in the power lines, because the lines heat up. The use of superconducting materials will make it possible to develop magnetic and levitating trains at a very high speed.
Alex Doron, Maariv
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