Half of the prize was awarded to Syokuro Manaba from Princeton University and Klaus Hasselman, the Max Planck Institute, who perfected the climate models, and the Italian Giorgio Frisi, who deals with the transition between simple and complex systems * Frisi said at the announcement event: "The understanding of the climate crisis rests on solid science" * The news will be updated with explanations the scientific of the Nobel Prize Committee
Nobel Prize in Physics for 2021
The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three researchers: Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann and Giorgio Parisi for "groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems". Half of the prize was awarded to the Japanese Sokoro Manaba and the German Klaus Hasselman who developed models for predicting climate change, and the other half was awarded to the Italian Giorgio Perisi for developing models for the study of fluctuating systems of many orders of magnitude.
As mentioned, This year (2021) Parisi also won the Wolf Prize for Physics, some see him as a noble prophet.
The physics that explains the climate and other complex phenomena
The three laureates of the Nobel Prize in Physics for this year won the prize for their research into seemingly chaotic and random phenomena. Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann laid the foundation for his understanding of the Earth's climate and how humanity affects it. Giorgio Parisi won the award for his groundbreaking contributions to the theory of disordered materials and random processes.
Complex systems are characterized by randomness and disorder and are difficult to fully understand. This year's award recognizes and honors new methods for describing these systems and predicting their long-term behavior.
One vital complex system for humanity is the Earth's climate. Socorro Manaba demonstrated how rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere lead to higher temperatures on Earth's surface. In the XNUMXs, he led the development of physical models describing Earth's climate and was the first researcher ever to examine the interplay between the radiation balance and the vertical transport of air. His research laid the foundation for the development of contemporary models for describing the climate.
About a decade later, Klaus Hasselmann developed a model linking the weather and the climate together, while answering the question of why climate models can be reliable despite the fact that the weather changes frequently and chaotically. Hasselman also developed methods to identify specific signals, a kind of "fingerprints", that leave their mark, both natural and man-made, on the climate. The methods he developed are used today to prove that the higher temperature in the atmosphere is caused by man-made emissions of carbon dioxide.
In 1980, Giorgio Frisi discovered patterns hidden in irregular complex materials. His discoveries are among the most important contributions to the theory of complex systems. They make it possible to understand and describe many different materials that appear to be randomly arranged, including such phenomena, not only in the field of physics, but also in other, very different fields, such as mathematics, biology, neuroscience and machine learning.
"The discoveries recognized this year demonstrate that our understanding of climate rests on a solid scientific foundation, based on careful analysis of many observations. This year's laureates made us gain a deeper insight into the properties and development of complex physical systems," says the chairman of the Nobel Prize Committee for Physics.
Sokoro Manaba Born in 1931 in Shinju (Shingu) Japan. He received his PhD from the University of Tokyo in Japan. Today he works as a meteorologist at Princeton University, USA.
Klaus Hasselmann Born in 1931 in Hamburg, Germany. In 1957 he received his doctorate from the University of Göttingen in Germany. He is currently a professor of meteorology at the Max Planck Institute, Germany.
Giorgio Frisi Born in 1948 in Rome, Italy. In 1970 he received his doctorate from the University of Spezia in Italy. He currently serves as a professor at the University of Spezia in Italy
More of the topic in Hayadan:
Thawing the ice freeze could accelerate global warming
An elusive molecule has finally been discovered
for expansion (English)
Popular science background: They found hidden patterns in the climate and in other complex phenomena (pdf)
Scientific Background: "For groundbreaking contributions to out understanding of complex physical systems" (pdf)
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In a retrospective review of 36 models
Prof. Syokuro Manaba's model presented the most severe forecast for the years 1972-2022
All 36 models tested were very far from reality according to NOAA's actual measurements (which also has an upward bias)
The model of the Russian Prof. Evgeny Volodin was the most accurate - he did not receive a prize...