The iron core at the center of the Earth is responsible for some of the changes observed in the last century in our magnetic field
Dr. Noah Brosh
https://www.hayadan.org.il/earth070204.html
Deep beneath the Earth's solid mantle, above its iron core, within a fiery ocean of boiling magma, our world's magnetic field was born. The internal magnetic field of the earth is not arranged along the self-rotation axis. Therefore, the magnetic north pole is not the true north pole.
The magnetic pole was discovered in 1831 by James Ross. In 1904, Roald Amundsen rediscovered the pole, and found that its position had changed by 50 km relative to Ross's measurements. In the 20th century, the northward movement of the magnetic pole accelerated by about 10
km per year to about 40 km per year. The strength of the magnetic field has decreased by 10% compared to the 19th century. In Africa, the north direction as indicated by the compass needle changes by a full degree every decade.
The reason for the unpredictable behavior of the magnetic field lies deep in the earth, close to the iron core at the center of the earth. This core is almost as big as the moon. Its temperature is like the face of the sun (about 6,000 degrees). The core moves around itself, at a slightly faster rate than the Earth's surface. It is surrounded by a solid iron sheath, the "outer core", within which the magnetic field is created, due to the movement of the molten iron currents.
The American researchers, Glatzmeier and Roberts, developed a computational model to describe what is happening in the outer core. The software calculates the expressions of the magnetic field created in the eddies and other currents of the molten iron. Comparing the measurements highlights the current situation.
The model also predicts the magnetic field reversals. They occur on average every 300 thousand years. But the last reversal was 780 thousand years ago. From this, many researchers believe that the reversal of the poles may occur in the near future.
Glatzmeier and Roberts showed that in the reversal of the poles - which lasts for about a thousand years - the magnetic field is preserved, but its shape is complicated: several "north poles" and "south poles" appear at the same time. Since the magnetic field is one of our defenses against solar particle radiation, it is to be hoped that in the coming solstice we will still be well protected.
For news on the subject at the BBC
Earth scientist - planet
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