An experimental nuclear power reactor of a new type will be installed in France * the most expensive and largest international project

The project is expected to cost 5 billion dollars in the next decade in the first stable melting pot. Iter is the first step before building a commercial reactor

Avi Blizovsky

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The European Union has chosen France as the preferred location for a new type of nuclear reactor. The scientists hope to cause a revolution in the global energy economy. The construction of the experimental reactor will cost 5 billion dollars. This is the fusion machine that will release energy in the same way that the sun does. The scientists said the new reactor would be a prototype reactor that provides more energy than it consumes.
The international partners in the huge engineering project include the USA, China, Japan, Russia and South Korea.

A final decision on the location of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (Iter) should be made during December at a meeting of senior officials involved in the planning. The Union's preferred location, Cadreche in southeastern France may face stiff competition from Japan's Roccasho. The plant, wherever it is located, is expected to create thousands of jobs.
Spain tried to promote Vandalus, but the proposal fell through when the European Union's science ministers decided that the administrative headquarters of the European arm of Iter would be located there. Europe believes that it has the highest chances to host the smelter.
A committee report led by Sir David King, the British government's chief scientist said that "any site chosen by Europe will almost certainly win the international choice.
The Iter project is the last step in the decade-long race to develop fusion propulsion. In conventional nuclear power reactors, heavy atoms split and release energy, but in a fusion reactor, the energy is captured through the forceful joining of two light atoms - the same process that occurs inside the sun and causes it to glow.
Proponents say future fusion reactors will be cheap and environmentally friendly, producing far less nuclear waste.

However, developing the essential technology has proven to be very expensive and time-consuming. In order to use fusion reactors as an energy source, it is necessary to heat gas to temperatures approaching 100 million degrees - much hotter than in the center of the sun. At this temperature the gas turns into plasma.
Under these conditions, the plasma particles transform from deuterium and tritium (two heavy states of hydrogen) into helium and fast neutrons. A commercial power plant would use the heat generated by the neutrons and slowed down by a 'blanket' of heavier material (lithium) to generate electricity. The fuel used is practically inexhaustible. Deuterium and tritium are, as mentioned, isotopes of hydrogen. Deuterium is extracted from water and tritium is produced using a light metal - lithium - found all over the world. One kilogram of hydrogen could produce an amount of energy equal to ten million kilograms of fossil fuel (diesel or fuel oil).
Iter will be the largest research and development project in the world other than the International Space Station. The goal is to generate 500 megawatts of electricity for 500 seconds or more during each fusion trial and to test all the technologies necessary to develop commercial reactors.

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