The big dream of the physicists: to create a dwarf "black hole" in the laboratory, with the help of a new particle accelerator that is being built in Geneva. It is possible that this will come true in 2006
A black hole and its surroundings (Photo: Hubble Space Telescope
By Dr. Noah Brosh
In the depths of the earth, near Geneva, Switzerland, researchers plan to make holes
Blacks in the lab. They hope they can do it with an accelerator
The new particles - "The Great Hadron Collider" (in English: Collider
Large Hadron), which is under construction. If their calculations come true, LHC-approx
will work, black holes will be formed at the rate of one per second.
After many years blacks were only in theory - or "assumption".
"Astrophysical" work - scientists hope to be able to study the
Their properties in the laboratory, under controlled conditions. To study the internal structure of
particles, "microscopes" with improved penetration capacity must be developed
For the usual particles, a proton and a neutron. The research tools for this are
The big accelerators, where the light rays of the microscopes are exchanged
The usual ones, in high-energy particle beams. As much energy as possible
The higher the particles, the greater their penetration into the particles.
To obtain high energies, "colliding beam" accelerators were developed
The projectile particles and the target particles are accelerated, one by one.
The most powerful accelerator, still under construction, is the European Laboratory's LHC
for particle research and will come into operation in 2006. Among other things, it will also research
The process of creating nanofinish black holes, which is possible under certain conditions
in modern physics.
In the universe, black holes are formed when a large amount of matter collapses,
Under the influence of self-gravity, and there is no internal force to oppose this attraction,
because of gravity.
This process is described as follows: two particles, for example protons, will attract each other
It is so strong that their connection will create a black hole - an area of density
The material is so high that light is unable to escape from it.
The problem - within the framework of normal physics - is: protons attract each other
This is because of gravitation and because of the strong force and repel each other because of the force
the electric
For the protons to combine, they must be given enough energy to overcome
on the electrical repulsion, then a nuclear fusion process occurs. if they succeed
to bring two protons closer to 1 Planck (10 to the 33rd power of cm),
Their connection should create a black hole.
According to new theories in physics, gravity acts on a larger number
of dimensions than the usual three. The behavior of gravity with respect to distance
different - and when the two protons are only 10 to the power of 17 cm apart,
The conditions for the formation of a black hole will be met. The approach of the two protons, is
within reach in the new accelerator.
The signature of the formation of a miniature black hole is obtained as the "creature" born
In a collision, it has an extremely short lifetime. the black holes
The miniatures "evaporate" in a process described by physicist Steve Hawking
And named after him "Hawking radiation".
On the edge of the black hole, in a place called the "Event Horizon", there are Christians
There are non-existent pairs of particles and antiparticles. if one of the spouses
falls into the black hole - the other can be ejected into the universe, away from the hole
the black To an outside observer, the black hole appears to be emitting particles. loss
The energy - the particles that are emitted - causes the black hole to disappear.
The scientists also considered the danger that the black holes would create products
the laboratory. According to the pessimistic scenarios, if the Hawking process does not take place,
The tiny holes created could sink through the lab floor into the depths
The land in Switzerland - up to the center of the earth and there they will begin to consume the earth.
The evidence that such a process does not take place is actually received from the universe: every year
Forming in the Earth's atmosphere, about a hundred dwarf black holes, due
Impact of cosmic radiation particles, with great energy. the black holes
The dwarves disappear by themselves. The process that will produce them in the laboratory will maintain quality
Earth's environment.
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