The journal Nature reported yesterday (Thursday) that scientists have developed a new type of ion trapping technology that is the basis of a qubit - the storage unit in a quantum computer, which uses microwave radiation to perform calculations instead of lasers. This technology may simplify the development of large-scale quantum computers
The strange phenomena of quantum physics, such as the possibility of a particle being in two different places at the same time, fascinated experienced physicists as well as students. These phenomena are not just theoretical oddities. A new, practical field of quantum physics has become an active field during the last decade.
In this field, researchers are trying to utilize the power of quantum phenomena to produce innovative technology - quantum computing that will cause a revolution in the computing industry.
The scientists are trying several directions to develop these systems, using different physical systems. Quantum computers using trapped ions are the most successful so far. In two studies published last Thursday, August 11, 2011 in the journal Niche, the researchers describe a new approach to trapping ions that will increase the potential of these systems to produce quantum computers on a large scale rather than on a laboratory-experimental scale as is done today.
Osfalkos and his colleagues report that they have succeeded in realizing quantum gates that use microwave radiation instead of laser beams, which have been used to make these gates so far. Quantum gates are the equivalent of the classical logic gates that we use to perform calculations in quantum processors.
Whereas Timoni's group has developed a new approach to quantum computing that also uses microwaves - and which is not sensitive to noise (also known as decoherence) and operates through physical systems used to perform the calculation.
An inconsistency can cause the destruction of the quantum effects to interfere with the operation of the quantum processor. Timoni and his colleagues were able to effectively shield the quantum processor from this phenomenon.
The operation of quantum gates operating in quantum processors is based on the entanglement of the ions. Entanglement is one of the non-intuitive phenomena in quantum physics where properties of multiple systems, such as a group of ions, act in concert.
Often, the result of measuring certain properties of a single ion yields completely random results, but measuring the same property on an ion that is in a entanglement of ions produces correlated results. A simple way to explain this situation is to imagine two people each flipping a coin. The roll result of each of them is random. However, if the coins are intertwined in a certain way, the result of the tossing of the coins will always be the same for both coins, meaning that both throwers get either a tree or a piece.
In recent years, researchers have been able to advance in the development of quantum computers using an entanglement of up to 14 ions, and have also been able to realize through the entanglement quantum algorithms as well as teleportation (jumping from place to place of an ion in zero time). So far, researchers have used laser beams to create these interlacings. Back in 2001, researchers Mintert and Wunderlich came up with a theoretical idea for the use of long-wavelength radiation such as microwaves or radio waves.
While the laser needs to be carefully aligned with the trapped ions facing a complication, the microwaves can operate using waveguides (structures that can guide radiation) that are part of a chip on which the ions can connect, so this does not require their prior alignment.
Moreover, it is easier and cheaper to produce microwave radiation than to use complicated laser systems. There are also today stable sources for creating microwaves.
Large-scale quantum computing will require millions of trapped ions, each of which contains one quantum bit (qubit - the basic storage unit of quantum computing). As a result, its creation would require several laser beams to intertwine the ions, which would be engineering complex and expensive. In contrast, the use of micro radiation for the same purpose will be much easier and will make the use of the ion traps for the purpose of building processors much simpler.
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And thanks to Ehud for the corrections.
Many thanks to Gali Weinstein for the links.
Number of corrections:
beginning:
Grover's algorithm was invented in the nineties and not the sixties, more precisely 1996, the date is important because the field of quantum computing was actually born as a field in 1994-1995 when Peter Shore published his algorithm.
Second:
In Grover's algorithm, a quantum computer does not find the correct solution on the first attempt, but there is a probability that it will succeed. The Grover algorithm works with a computational solution of the root of N so that for 4 phone numbers the Grover algorithm will find the answer after 2 attempts on average compared to the classic algorithm which will need 3 attempts. By the way, in this example, even a classical algorithm will succeed on average in less than 3 attempts and there is a chance of a quarter that it will find the number on the first attempt. The difference between the classic algorithm and Grover's is in the number N
large then the classical requires order N trials and the quantum Grover root algorithm N trials.
By the way, the Deutsch-Jose algorithm was already invented in 1992, but it is a deterministic algorithm for an artificial problem that has no interest except for academic interest, so it did not attract much attention. As mentioned, it was Shor's algorithm that started the great deal in quantum computing.
it was difficult for me
I made an effort
No
I really understood
But I forgive myself
I'm really glad we have so many geniuses like you
This is quite encouraging
Two years ago I wrote about an experiment at Yale University:
http://delorian64.wordpress.com/2009/06/29/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F/
Two algorithms that tried to see if they could be run:
Grover's search algorithm (a probabilistic algorithm invented in the 60s by Lev Grover). Let's take a tangible example. We know we have a friend's phone number, but not his name. The processor reads all the phone numbers in the book at once due to the superposition feature to find the single correct answer. The end of the process is that the qubit will be in one state and not in a superposition state and will give the answer. Let's say we have four phone numbers, including a friend's phone number and we don't know which number among the four belongs to that friend. So you try to dial about three numbers before reaching the correct number of the friend. In contrast, a quantum processor can find the correct number on the first try. Instead of trying to dial one number, then another number, then another number.
A simpler algorithm is the Deutsch-José algorithm (proposed by David Deutsch and Richard José in the 90s). In a tangible way, the algorithm checks whether a coin toss is fair or not. If you want to examine in a classic way whether the coin is fair (pali on one side, wood on the other) or fake (pali or wood on both sides), it requires an examination of each side. But the quantum analog move called the Deutsch-Jose algorithm requires only one test step.
But the road is still very, very long to a quantum computer...
here:
http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9-%D7%92'%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94
And here:
http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%9D_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8
jelly
Thanks for the link.
my father
We'll see if a billion Chinese are wrong... 🙂 I heard they are strong in physics.
We didn't get far beyond the moon, and even there we stopped 39 years ago and returned. You need courage and no president has that courage.
Sorry, sorry... I forgot that space and astronomy experts sit here. So yes we have come far beyond the moon. We have reached distant galaxies. 🙂
A new type of ion-trap quantum technology has been developed that uses microwave radiation to perform computations. It will considerably simplify the practical implementation of large-scale quantum computers.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7359/full/476155a.html
Improvement of the ion trap experiment. As Neil Armstrong said about the moon: That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. And since then... we haven't gotten far beyond the moon... 🙂 Well, then also in the matter of the quantum computer, we probably won't get far beyond the moon 🙁
What are qubits?
In a normal computer there are bits that can have the value 0 or 1 and from the fundamental point of view these are saved (if I'm not mistaken
using electric currents or magnetic fields). You can think of them as a little arrow that can point up state 1 or down state 0.
A quantum computer has qubits that can have the value 1 or 0 or any superposition thereof. The convenient way to think about it is about an arrow of length 1 that can point to any point on a circle where pointing up is 1 and pointing down is 0.
Logic gates are operations that change the state of the bits in a normal computer or the qubits in a quantum computer.
For example, a certain gate operating on two bits can change the state of a bit, that is, change state 1 to 0 or state 0 to 1, only if the second bit is in state 1, if the second bit does nothing. Quantum gates are like logic gates in a computer except that they operate on qubits.
What is quantum entanglement?
In classical physics there are particles and these are defined as objects in the Torah. The state of a system is defined by the position and the momentum (the momentum is the speed of the particle multiplied by its mass). of all the particles in the system.
In quantum mechanics the state of the system is defined by a wave function. Sometimes the system can be separated and described as a product of wave functions for each individual particle, when this cannot be done in the entangled system.
When a pair of particles are entangled together an action on their common wave function acts on both of them together. Theoretically it is not even possible to talk about a pair of particles with separate identities.
Again scientific spin there is almost no connection between this experiment and a quantum computer. This is similar to someone who would invent a new vacuum tube in the hope that the discovery would improve the ordinary computer. To make quantum computing possible today, a completely new idea is needed that will make it possible to bridge some of the technological gaps faced by the planners, what's more, it is theoretically not certain that a quantum computer can be built.
A short attempt to answer questions that arose. I will try to give the explanations in simple and non-mathematical language, so sometimes this will damage their accuracy.
NIST has been experimenting with ion traps and quantum entanglement for a long time.
Two years ago NIST jumped in and told about the entanglement of six ions. They captured six pigeons in a tiny area. And they used a laser to manipulate the ions: the researchers checked the spins of the ions. The ions were hit by laser pulses and these placed them in a superposition of spin up or spin down. means that each ion has a 50 percent chance of being measured with spin up or spin down. But according to quantum theory, a measurement always causes a collapse in one direction: either this or that. Let's say we have six pigeons. So we have 64 possible combinations of up and down spins. But the ions were not measured at this stage of the experiment. And so they remained in superposition. Then entangle all the ions by applying oscillations of two laser beams to all six ions. The difference between the frequency of the two laser beams was almost the same as the frequency of the natural oscillation of the six ions. This created a coupling of the superposition of the spin states to the motion of the ion chain and then a quantum entanglement of the ions was obtained.
and NIST tried to perfect the experiment over the next two years. And the result was published three days ago. Here is their latest div from three days ago:
http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/microwave-quantum-081011.cfm
The problem is the following. Imagine putting a CD into a DVD player the size of a room. And the researchers' proposal is to minimize it. First we will solve more problems in quantum computing and then we will get to the quantum iPhone. God willing…
I wonder what the scientist and the man of the spirit would say about it - it's not a braid it's a fairy
Quote: "Quantum gates are the equivalent of the classical logic gates that we use to perform calculations in quantum processors".
What are quantum gates? Does a quantum computer's logic differ from binary logic?
(Computer/micro-tensistor logic has positive/negative 1/0. What is in a quantum computer?)
Anat, nevertheless, Nature devotes both an editorial and two articles to the discovery. Maybe there is something to it?
For a plant: a coin is both male and female
Avi Luz
sorry to disappoint
This is what happens when you translate an article without understanding
The researchers publish an overall improvement of the well-known ion trap of the microwave-based type.
But there is nothing interesting here, so what do we do? Describe the applications of the Henell trap. One of the applications is in the quantum entanglement of trapped ions for the entanglement a laser is required even if the trapping was done with a microwave.
If someone reads and doesn't understand the nuances, they think that there is an amazing invention here that enables innovative weaving technology, and if it is innovative, then there is an article
Interesting article,
By the way, "the coins are intertwined" -> "the coins are intertwined" ..
An interesting and promising field that we hear about almost twice a month and how far it has progressed. I hope that by the time I'm a hundred years old, the first quantum computer (with a one-year warranty) will be sold in Ivory.
Can someone explain briefly and in simple words how to actually weave? My father explained what weaving is and it is understandable. How exactly do you weave 2 ions or 2 electrons or something else into pairs that work together? (Above it says that with laser or microwaves in this case, but this explanation does not really explain how to weave but with what to weave).
Greetings friends,
Ami Bachar