According to NASA scientists who calculated this by comparing the ratio between normal water and heavy water, this is enough time for the formation of life and its development (evolution)
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It is hard to believe this when looking at the dusty and dry landscapes of Mars because in the past they contained a huge ocean. A recent NASA study in which they used the world's most powerful infrared telescopes clearly indicates that this is a planet that held a body of water larger than the Earth's Arctic Ocean.
If the water were spread uniformly over the entire surface of Mars, it would cover the entire surface at a depth of about 140 meters. It is more likely that the water accumulated in the low plains that cover most of the northern hemisphere, and in some places the depth of the water was about 2 kilometers.
Before the ocean evaporated molecule by molecule into new ones, the water washed the desert shores for over 1.5 billion years, more than the time it took for life to develop on Earth. Thus life got a chance to form and develop on Mars as well.
The researchers from NASA's Goddard Center used three of the most powerful infrared telescopes on Earth. Keck Observatory in Hawaii, the European Space Agency's Very Large Telescope and NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility, to study the water molecules in the Martian atmosphere. The map they created shows the distribution of two types of water - the normal version H2O that we use in our daily lives and HDO or heavy water which is rare on Earth, but it turns out not so much on Mars.
In heavy water, one of the hydrogen atoms contains a neutron in addition to the single proton, creating an isotope of water known as deuterium. Since deuterium is heavier than normal hydrogen, heavy water is indeed heavier than normal water as the name implies.
The new "water map" shows how the ratio between normal water and gravitational water changes across the planet depending on location and season. It can be noted that the latest data show that the polar caps, the place where water is concentrated nowadays on the almost completely dry planet, are rich in deuterium.
The explanation is that the decay of the global magnetic field that once existed on Mars caused the solar winds to tear away most of the thick atmosphere that early Mars had, and allowed the sun's ultraviolet rays to break down the water molecules. The lighter hydrogen escaped into space leaving behind the heavier version.
On Earth, the ratio of deuterium to normal hydrogen is 1 to 3,200, but on the polar caps of Mars the ratio is 1 to 400. The light hydrogen atoms are slowly lost after the planet has lost its protective atmospheric mantle and concentrations of the heaviest form of hydrogen remain. Once scientists knew the ratio of deuterium to normal hydrogen, they could determine how much water Mars must have contained in its youth. The answer is - a lot.
Only 13% of the original water remains on Mars, mostly trapped in the polar regions, while 87% of the original ocean has evaporated into space. The most likely place where the ocean is located is the northern plains - a vast and deep area that is an ideal place to store huge amounts of water. Mars was a planet more like Earth when it had a thick atmosphere that provided the right pressure and a warmer climate to maintain an ocean.
What is interesting about the findings is that Mars has been wet for a long time than previously thought. We know from measurements made by the Curiosity rover that water flowed across the planet for 1.5 billion years after its formation, but the new study shows that Mars continued to be wet for much longer.
Given the fact that life began on Earth 3.5 billion years ago, just a billion years after the planet's formation, Mars had plenty of time for life to evolve.
For the news in Universe Today (with many photos and illustrations)
18 תגובות
Eliran, who determined that the Bible is a fact? first man? The Bible was written by hundreds if not thousands of people at a time when people believed that God sends diseases to sinners (germs are just a theory, right?)
In addition, I don't think you know the difference between a theory and a scientific theory, so here is a small explanation provided by Wiki (in English):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_theory
A fascinating article that may explain what is written in Genesis "And God made a difference between the waters under the sky and between the waters above the sky".
But "given the fact" that life began on Earth 3.5 billion ago??? come on. This is not a fact. It's a theory. Just like the atom. theory.
By the way, according to Judaism, which states that the world has existed for less than 6000 years, the evolutionary explanations are very simple. He created things already at a certain age. That is, speed up processes. There was no need for the separation of tectonic plates and the slow extinction of dinosaurs. And there is no fear of the chicken and the egg question. The mountains were created at the age of 30, 70, or 600 million years, circle whatever you like. And so the first man was created and survived even though he had no mother to nurse him. Because he was born 30 or 20 or 40 years old, circle in a circle...
And don't be monkeys.
Emmett Brown
Do you have any more of this stuff you're branching out?
Who wants pictures of Mars with buildings and cities in the centers of craters and around them?
And that NASAS will decide... either their photos are fabricated or they are indeed real from Mars.
You will find the original TIFF photographs of Hale Crater and many others.
Download the red spectrum, increase several times without any filters and regrets.
And you won't believe it. Buildings, pyramids, geometric caves, giant sculptures. It is possible to verify against several different photographs of the same area.. Everything is concentrated in specific areas, so that you will not be impressed that it is a JPG distortion... because it is a TIF, and it is from several photographs. No amount of probabilistic error can undo that.
If you are really interested in researching the issue then try and don't be parrots... first check it, then we will see you denying stupidity.
But it could also be that because there is no atmosphere on Mars, heavy particles that came out of the sun hit the water on Mars and slowly made it heavy,,,,,,
Eyal
There is a lot of water in the solar system. Wherever there is water there is life? I agree that where there is liquid water it is very likely that life will form. But - we are not at all sure that life on Earth began with water, and I would be careful with the conclusions.
Nissim: No. I'm just assuming the findings of water
Eyal
Can you substantiate your assertion?
The findings certainly do not lie. There was and is evidence of life on Mars
To Amit: If there was life in the form of fish, surely there is evidence at the bottom of the sea
On the other hand, how life would have been in heavy water is not clear at all
Lecoby: No one at NASA is thinking of settling on Mars, they are studying it for science and curiosity purposes.
What about fossils? Not only vertebrates leave fossils. Even for a plant in a humid environment, for example, you can find evidence.
orders? I will give you all vouchers for a settlement on Mars, which includes a hundred dunams and a couple of donkeys.
Lorem Ipsum
I understand that you will receive a Nobel Prize for the land of Mars and you will manage this project. best wishes All that is left for you to do is to send invitations to the science readers to the inauguration ceremony of this plant.
It is not a problem at all to return to Mars its magnetic field. It is necessary to dig 20 circular tunnels with a diameter of 1000 km around its axis of rotation, place superconductors in them (those that operate at the temperature prevailing there) and create a constant current in them. If there is a budget left, it is also possible to install a cylindrical iron core with a diameter of 500 km to Mars to improve the field.
Now that we have restored the magnetic field to Mars, all that remains is to restore the water and atmosphere that were once there, and everything will be perfect.
interesting
Kobi
Maybe you can explain how exactly a magnetic field is produced for a planet. If you succeed, all you have to do is order a 3-piece suit, a bow tie and go to Stockholm. A Nobel Prize awaits you.
Amit
Distinguish between civilization and life. Remnants of life remain even after 3 and a half billion years.
In the movie "The World After Humanity" it is said that 10,000 years after the disappearance of civilization, the last evidence of its existence will also disappear. Therefore, after so much time (assuming the negligible chance that a civilization did exist on Mars) we have no possibility of understanding if there was one there... The knowledge that we will never know makes me terribly sad!
Now the project was to restore Mars to its magnetic field
Or create an artificial magnetic field on the surface, and use the solar energy to protect from the solar winds