The data also shows that women are the majority among students in universities and colleges, a jump in the number of Arabs studying and women becoming the majority among them as well * and there are also data from a graduate employment survey * this is according to the data of the Council for Higher Education published last Thursday. Second and last part of the series
The Council for Higher Education published yesterday (Thursday) Data for the opening of the academic school year 2013/2014 - XNUMX/XNUMX. Yesterday we brought the first part of the review entitled The cut in university budgets in the previous decade is noticeable: they lost students to the colleges. Today we bring additional important data published in the same survey.
The number of applicants for bachelor's degrees in universities increased fairly continuously until the mid-39,500s when their number reached a peak of about XNUMX.
In recent years, their number has been on a downward trend and in 31,900 reached 800, a decrease of XNUMX candidates relative to XNUMX.
In 38,280, data on bachelor's degree candidates were also received for the first time for the academic colleges, and their number increased from approximately 43,690 this year to approximately 64 in 66. The share of candidates who were accepted and are studying increased from about XNUMX% in XNUMX to about XNUMX% in XNUMX. The most sought after fields of study offered at the academic colleges are law, business administration, social sciences and engineering subjects. The first two fields are studied in the large majority in colleges that are not funded by the Ministry of Education and Culture. The distribution of candidates according to fields of study is of course different between the colleges and the universities.
For comparison, the share of candidates who applied for business studies and management sciences to academic colleges was about 23% compared to about 5% in universities in 13. In law, this rate was about 4.5% in the academic colleges compared to about XNUMX% in the universities.
The data regarding the fields of study that were in demand for bachelor's degree studies in universities in XNUMX give a certain expression to the professions that are in demand in the labor market. An index that reflects the excess demand in a certain field is the ratio between the number of applicants and the number of those starting to study that field. In this section we will list the most requested fields of study that were studied
in universities in 2 according to these indicators. The data is presented in table no. XNUMX
The ratio of applicants to students for all subjects in universities was 1.7 in 2.0 compared to about 3.9 during the 3.7s. Higher ratios than can be seen, for example, in architecture and city planning (2.1), general medicine (XNUMX), and auxiliary medical professions (XNUMX).
The number of candidates for law and business administration studies in universities has been decreasing throughout the 2000s, as a result of the majority of the demand for these studies being directed to the academic colleges, mainly to colleges that are not budgeted by the Ministry of Education and Culture. The number of candidates for law studies in the early 2,000s was about 1,500 and decreased to about 500 in recent years, and for business administration studies the number of candidates was about 250 about a decade ago and decreased to about XNUMX in recent years.
A particularly low ratio of 1.3 indicates the low demand that characterizes those applying to the general humanities. The downward trend in the number of candidates for all humanities, from approximately 6,330 in the early 2000s to approximately 4,500 in XNUMX, also emphasizes the decrease in demand for studies in the field
Since the second half of the XNUMXs, we have witnessed the changes that took place in the inclination and attitude of the undergraduate students to study the natural sciences and technology compared to the humanities and social sciences.
The phenomenon is reflected in Table No. 3, which describes the changes in the distribution of undergraduate students across the various fields. In 24, about 30% of undergraduate students studied one of the subjects of mathematics, computer science, natural science or engineering. The share of these increased steadily until 28, when it exceeded XNUMX%, decreased slightly in the following years and in XNUMX reached XNUMX%.
The fluctuations that characterize the high-tech industry are reflected in the annual student data. In 8.3, the share of those who studied mathematics and computer science subjects reached 5.7% of those studying for a bachelor's degree. In the years that followed, there was a decrease in the share of students in these fields and in 18 their share reached XNUMX% of those studying for a bachelor's degree. The share of students studying engineering has been more or less stable in recent years and is estimated at about XNUMX% of all students studying for a bachelor's degree.
The share of those studying business administration increased from 6.7% in 6,780 (which made up 12 students) to 22,650% in XNUMX (XNUMX students), with most of the increase during this period recorded in colleges that are not budgeted by the Planning and Budgeting Committee.
The number of students studying law increased from about 6,000 students in 16,190 to more than 80 in 38, and about XNUMX% of them study in colleges that are not budgeted by the OT, compared to XNUMX% of them who studied in the Alvarashit institutions of the period.
The share of those studying law among those studying for a bachelor's degree increased from 6.0% in 8.5 to 18.5% in 7.5. At the same time as these changes, the share of those who applied for humanities studies dropped significantly from XNUMX% in XNUMX to only XNUMX% in XNUMX.
The rapid and extreme changes that took place in the high-tech industry were also reflected in the percentage of students in the first year who studied a subject in the fields of natural sciences and technology out of an average yearbook of 20-24 year olds.
In the last year, the share of these was estimated at about 13.2% of the average year, similar to the years when there was a strong demand from the industry for academic manpower from these fields, mainly for people in computer science and electronic engineering. For comparison, until the mid-nineties, this rate stabilized at only 6.5% of an average yearbook.
The demands of the students for studies in the field of biotechnology are also affected by the industrial developments in the field. In XNUMX, the number of first-year students who applied to this field
stood at 2,800. In recent years, there has been a slow increase in the number of applicants to this field, apparently as evidence of the students' anticipation of Israel's entry into the biotechnological era.
One of the impressive achievements of the higher education system in the last decade is the expansion of access to higher education among the population living in the periphery and among weaker population groups. In 25, about 9.7% of undergraduate students studied in the existing educational institutions in the northern and southern districts (14.6% in the northern district and 9% in the southern district), compared to XNUMX% who studied in the southern district only in XNUMX. This significant change in the map of Israel's higher education, which took place in the last two decades, would not have been possible if it had not been for directing the budgetary resources required for this to the two peripheral districts.
Despite the slowdown in the higher education system in recent years, the number of students in the northern district has increased almost threefold in the last decade, mainly as a result of the expansion of the existing programs in the academic colleges in the north and the opening of new study programs.
In the part of the institutions located in the Jerusalem district, the consistent decline continues and in recent years about 13% of undergraduate students study in institutions of higher education located in the Jerusalem district compared to about 23% of them in the early nineties.
The number of candidates for master's degree studies in universities is generally on the rise and their number reached 22,515 in 18,000 compared to about 77 in 63. Similar to 23, XNUMX% of the applicants were accepted for studies in XNUMX and XNUMX% fulfilled their acceptance and began studying. The share of those rejected was about XNUMX%.
In contrast to the downward trend in demand for bachelor's degree studies in the humanities, the number of candidates for master's degree studies (including education studies and teaching training) increased from 4,360 in 5,285 to XNUMX in XNUMX.
The number of candidates for a master's degree in social sciences has also gradually increased in recent years from 4,160 in 5,320 to 4980 in 100, but decreased to XNUMX in XNUMX, as a result of a decrease of about XNUMX candidates in each of the subjects: economics, political science and psychology .
The number of candidates enrolled for master's degree studies in business administration increased significantly from 3,760 in 4,460 to XNUMX in XNUMX.
In law, the number of candidates increased to 2,070 in 1650 compared to XNUMX in XNUMX.
In recent years, biology studies have seen a consistent decrease in the number of candidates for a master's degree, from 1,325 in 1,000 to 520 candidates in 780, as recorded in 1,045. For the physical sciences, 860 candidates registered in 1,705 compared to 1,500 in 785; In mathematics and computer science, the number of candidates decreased from approximately 1,520 in XNUMX to XNUMX in XNUMX; The number of applicants to study engineering and architecture decreased from XNUMX in XNUMX to XNUMX in XNUMX; in recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of people enrolled in auxiliary medical professions from XNUMX in XNUMX to XNUMX in XNUMX
. The increase in recent years is due to an increase in the number of people registering for public health programs and the opening of new programs such as therapy with the help of the arts, geriatric studies and emergency medicine.
As mentioned, one of the most sought-after fields in master's studies is business administration. In 11,800, about 23 students studied master's degrees in business administration, which accounted for about XNUMX% of all master's degree students in the system
The number of positions for members of the senior academic staff in universities increased by 3.5% in the last years (4,444 - XNUMX) and stood at XNUMX positions in XNUMX. This is after several years in which the number of senior academic staff positions in universities was on a downward trend.
In total, in the last decade (4.1 - XNUMX) the number of senior academic staff members in universities decreased by XNUMX%.
The total number of jobs and the equivalent of junior academic staff, foreign teachers and teaching colleagues increased by about 2% compared to 3,492 and XNUMX and is XNUMX jobs and the equivalent of jobs.
Examining the changes in these faculty groups, significant changes occurred due to the implementation of the salary agreements of the junior academic staff in the universities: the number of junior academic staff positions increased by 19% to 2,136 positions, similarly the number of teaching associate positions increased by 19% to 670 positions. On the other hand, the equivalent number of jobs for foreign teachers decreased by 36% and is 686 jobs.
The number of senior academic staff positions in the budgeted colleges increased by approximately 140 positions (8.34%) compared between 960 and 1,825. This follows a consistent increase over the past decade from a total of 90 positions in 196 to 13 positions in XNUMX. An increase This of about XNUMX% is due to the increase in the number of students in the last decade and the opening of new study programs in colleges. A similar trend was also recorded in the equivalent of foreign teacher jobs which increased by XNUMX (about XNUMX%) compared between XNUMX and XNUMX. Total positions of the junior academic staff remained almost unchanged.
The changes that have occurred in recent decades in the number of students in universities on the one hand and in the number of senior faculty members on the other hand, have resulted in a significant increase in the number of students per senior academic staff member.
This ratio increased from about 16 students per faculty member in the early 90s, to 21 students in 24 and to 24 students in 21, and in the following years the ratio stabilized around 23 students. The multi-year plan for the higher education system for the years XNUMX - XNUMX set a goal to improve this ratio in the universities and return to a ratio of about XNUMX students per senior academic staff member on average, and in XNUMX the decline in this ratio continued, hovering around XNUMX students per senior faculty member.
Women are the majority in universities and colleges
The share of women among the students in 57 was about XNUMX%, after a significant increase in their participation in academic studies over the past decades
. The women are now the majority in each of the degrees: in the first degree - 56%, in the second degree - 61% and in the third degree - 52%.
The stabilization of the share of women among those studying for a bachelor's degree is due, among other things, to the continued growth of the colleges that teach engineering and technology subjects in them
The percentage of women is lower, as well as the lack of growth of teacher training colleges where the percentage of women is the highest.
An impressive increase over the years has also occurred in the participation of women in graduate studies. In 50, the proportion of women among those studying for a master's degree crossed 61% and in XNUMX, as mentioned, their proportion reached XNUMX%.
The proportion of women among PhD students crossed 50% for the first time in the late 52s and has stabilized at around XNUMX% in recent years.
Along with the increase in the number of women in academic studies, there have also been changes in the fields of study to which they apply. In the fields of: business and management sciences, law, medicine and engineering and architecture, there have been increases in the participation of women in general studying in these fields in the last two decades.
On the other hand, with the decrease in the number of people applying to the humanities, the share of women studying for a bachelor's degree in this field also decreased from about 70% in 62 to about XNUMX% in XNUMX.
Even in the third degree, the proportion of women increased in most fields of study, but even here the main increase was recorded during the nineties.
A jump in the number of Arabs studying and in particular - Arab women
In the last two decades, the percentage of Arab students among those studying for a bachelor's degree has increased. The significant increase occurred in the 7s and their rate increased from 10% in 12.4 to XNUMX% in XNUMX. A significant slowdown in growth began and their rate reached XNUMX% in XNUMX.
The main increase in the participation of the Arab population in the higher education system in Israel took place in universities and colleges for the training of teaching staff.
In this context, it is important to note the significant increase in the participation of Arab women in university studies; If in the early 40s the Arab women constituted only about 66% of the Arab students studying for a bachelor's degree in universities, then in 53 their share among the students was XNUMX%, compared to about XNUMX% among the Jewish population. This important development is also related to the studies that take place in colleges that operate within the framework of university academic responsibility, which enabled the Arab female students to study near their place of residence without moving away from their family and social frameworks.
In a survey conducted in 2011 by the Central Bureau of Statistics, among bachelor's degree graduates in universities and academic colleges, who completed their studies in 30,300, various aspects regarding their occupational and academic development in the five years from the date of receiving the degree were examined. The survey was conducted among approximately XNUMX of the bachelor's degree recipients in XNUMX, and is a follow-up survey for the same population that was sampled in XNUMX, approximately two years after receiving the degree.
From the results of the graduate survey - those who can go on to a master's degree:
- 55% of the university graduates went on to academic studies compared to 32% among the graduates of the academic colleges. The most requested field of study among the graduates who went on to study for a master's degree and completed it was business and management sciences - 34% among university graduates and 55% among academic college graduates. In the fields of: business and management sciences, natural sciences and agriculture, law, medicine, and medical auxiliary professions, there was a high correspondence between the field of study in the first degree and the field of study in the second degree - about a quarter of the graduates of the first degree in these fields went on to study for a master's degree in the same field.
- Satisfaction with bachelor's degree studies was higher compared to satisfaction with master's degree studies, both in universities and academic colleges, both in the humanities and social sciences and in the natural sciences and engineering. However, satisfaction in the non-budgetary colleges was higher than in the colleges budgeted by the Ministry of Defense and universities, both among the graduates and among the master's degree students.
- The rate of employed among graduates of academic colleges was higher than that among university graduates, 91% compared to 86%. The highest employment rates were recorded among graduates of law (92%) and graduates of medicine and medical auxiliary professions (91%), while the lowest among graduates of natural sciences (83%). About half of the employed reported a high fit between the field of study of the last degree and work, especially in medicine and auxiliary medical professions (76%). In the humanities and social sciences, a lower adequacy was reported
8 תגובות
Anna and similar commenters,
Let's start with the term "humanities" - the fact that it is called "humanities" in Hebrew does not make it a "spirit" as you are trying to present it. This is a linguistic bias that you make without understanding, in terms of the history of science, the place of the "humanities". The concept is a German concept that the Israelis have adopted - in the Latin and English languages the concept in free translation is "human sciences". And another thing, this is not an invention of the twentieth century, as this concept was invented at the end of the Age of Enlightenment.
Anna, can I explain to you how many empires and how many political processes were founded on the "humanities"? I will not start from ancient Greece and skip over the Middle Ages when the "humanities" ruled unquestionably (theology) and were connected by a Gordian connection to the sciences (such as mathematics and physics). Well, I will list some things and some concepts that you may have heard about: "The Enlightened King" - Kings after the Enlightenment surround themselves with people of the humanities (writers, philosophers, moralists, historians, etc.) in order to establish their rule in a world where religion is fading; The formation of the moral ground for the modern state by philosophers: "separation of powers" - Montesquieu, "democracy" - de Tocqueville, "nationalism" - historians and writers discover "nationality" - from here the world as we know it today will begin; "The French Revolution" and "Philosophy of Advance" (with representatives such as Voltaire, Rousseau and more up to today's capitalists); "Hegel"/"Marx"/"Nietzsche" - "Death of God", "Proletariat", "Class Struggles", BRI; And from here, the products and effects that the "humanities" have on science are only increasing and I'm stopping.
It is possible that in your response you wanted to express something against the university establishment and you were misunderstood. In that case I will tell you something simple: at university you learn to think and not learn to "make" money. The entry of certain professions into the world of academia (medicine, law, business administration, etc.) is the result of a late development that has a connection with extensive processes at the level of the political and economic structure of society. Science and the humanities are so closely related that it cannot be disentangled - everything that exists today in science has at its base some philosophical idea, a worldview and a perception that they are metaphysical.
Do with it what you want. I recommend you study philosophy.
You don't need a PhD in literature to write good books.
You don't need a doctorate in history to know history.
The truth is that you don't need a degree in engineering to work as an engineer in many cases - but a much more significant percentage of those who work in engineering are really engineers than those who wrote books and studied literature.
Anna
There is a guy named Avshalom Koresh Elitzur
Before becoming a physicist, he was a psychologist (humanities)
Today he combines the two fields in his studies.
There is no need to rush and eradicate things in which you are not particularly knowledgeable
And it's always good to remember that the wrongdoer is wrong.
PhD humanities student
We did not see representatives of the countries posted at the gates of 'humanities' faculties.
We have not seen a brain drain of the future scientists of the 'humanities'.
Have you heard of Israelis who left the country and paid respect to the host country?
A soap bubble is scientifically more complicated than all the nonsense you learn in the 'humanities'.
just answer me What about biotechnology, chemistry, physics, electro-optics, and the humanities. What is the connection?
PhD humanities student
you are wrong. Humanities studies have no influence on the majority of society. But - they have a lot of meaning for those who study these subjects - and that's great. each what suits him.
On the other hand - because there is no value in these fields at all, there is no money behind them either. A doctorate in literature is a problem - there is a place for this education in the academy, and almost exclusively there. Do not expect the public to finance you.
Your response is also unnecessary!!!. Without the humanities, society becomes like Robtrick!!
Humanities is the most entertaining invention of the twentieth century, and unnecessary in the twenty-first century.
Between spirit and science there is and cannot be a connection. Just an invention.
There are many market failures in the education system in Israel.
1. The large financial benefit in the salary of public sector employees and the security system (which has no justification at all) they simply let them get a degree and it doesn't really matter what, causes the civil servants to attack the humanities faculties. It should be canceled, they are not interested in studies just warming chairs.
2. Many of the graduates in life sciences and engineering do not find work in the field at all and are forced to do a painful conversion (graduates of mechanical engineering, agricultural chemistry and aeronautics, biology, veterinary science and chemistry) most of them convert to administrative programming.
3. The flood of economic and accounting laws caused widespread devaluation of the profession.
4. The failure in the issue of promoting weak populations pushes unqualified people into faculties without having minimal ability, and they find themselves unable to finish the degree which is too difficult for them.
5. Distribution of scholarships to faculties whose graduates the state has no real need for, such as the humanities, law, and economics. Scholarships should only be given to students who choose to study a degree in a profession that has a need such as nursing and the high tech professions, there must not be scholarships for business administration.