Scientists at the Fermi particle accelerator in Batavia, Illinois ("Fermilab") are planning a new experiment that will investigate the possibility of a fifth dimension, in addition to the three dimensions of space and time
By: Mark Alpert
The discovery of new dimensions beyond the four known ones - the three dimensions of space and the dimension of time - will be among the most sensational discoveries in the history of physics. Now, scientists at the Fermi Particle Accelerator in Batavia, Illinois ("Fermilab") are planning a new experiment that will investigate the possibility that extra dimensions do exist.
In 2007, researchers in Permilab's MiniBooNE project, which deals with the detection of elusive subatomic particles called neutrinos, announced that they had discovered a surprising anomaly. Neutrino particles are particles with no electric charge and have a very small mass, which are created in nuclear reactions and particle decays. There are three types of neutrinos: the electron neutrino, the muon neutrino and the tau neutrino. As they speed along, they change their flavor, or "oscillate", at a rapid rate.
As the MiniBooNE researchers observed a beam of muon neutrinos generated by one of Permilab's particle accelerators, they discovered that an unexpectedly high proportion of particles in the low energy range (below 475 million electron volts) became electron neutrinos. The researchers analyzed the results for a year but were unable to find a conventional explanation for this phenomenon, known as low-energy excess. The mystery has focused attention on an intriguing and highly unconventional hypothesis: it is possible that type XNUMX neutrinos are hopping in and out of other dimensions.
String theorists, seeking to unify the laws of gravity with the laws of quantum mechanics, have long predicted the existence of extra dimensions. Some physicists have raised the possibility that almost all the particles in our universe may be bound to a four-dimensional membrane (brane) housed within a 10-dimensional "bulk". But a hypothetical particle called the sterile neutrino, which interacts with other particles only through gravity, would be able to travel in and out of the membrane, cutting through the extra dimensions. In 2005, Heinrich Peiss, now at the University of Dortmund in Germany, Sandfi Pakwasa from the University of Hawaii, and Thomas J. Weiler from Vanderbilt University predicted that the journeys made by the sterile neutrino particles in additional dimensions would increase the probability of flavor oscillations at low energies - and this is exactly the result that was discovered in MiniBooNE two years later.
The MiniBooNE team, excited by the prospect of discovering new laws of physics, soon proposed another experiment called MicroBooNE to test the sterile neutrino hypothesis. The new detector, a low-temperature tank filled with 170 tons of liquid argon, will be able to detect low-energy particles with greater precision than its predecessor. A particle that will emerge from the neutrino interaction will cause the ionization of the argon atoms that will stand in its way, and by the way direct currents in wire arrays that will be installed on the sides of the tank. In this way, the scientists will be able to determine the exact trajectory of the particle, which will allow them to make a better diagnosis between electron neutrino particle interactions and other events and determine in this way if there really is an excess of low-energy fluctuations.
The MicroBooNE container, which is estimated to cost about $15 million, will be placed next to the MiniBooNE detector at Paralab so that it can observe the same neutrino beam. In June 2008, the laboratory's physics advisory committee approved the planning phase of the project. If everything goes well, the detector will be able to start operating as early as 2011. Researchers hope that MicroBooNE will lead to the development of much larger detectors, containing hundreds of thousands of tons of liquid argon in tanks the size of a sports field. Such facilities will be able to search for other supposed phenomena such as the incredibly rare decay of protons. "This is a wonderful new technology," says Bonnie Fleming, a physicist at Yale University and spokesperson for the MicroBooNE project. "And it will play a decisive role in advancing physics to the next level."
Mark Alpert is the author of the book "The Final Theory" (Touchstone Publishing, 2008), the article was published in the November 2008 issue of "Scientific American"
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Theory... to represent the location of something (for example: a human being) you need 4 numbers: X, Y, Z axis and time, maybe the fifth dimension describes the "how", "situation", "parallel world", "the number of the soul's reincarnation", "Energy" etc.. That is: a human being who lives in a certain location and time can only exist in that location and at the same time in another form, another body or another parallel world, and maybe he is not a human being in this dimension at all...
Wow, what is this complicated article?
Father, you need to spend some day (or more) explaining all the complicated concepts.
You can show some kind of presentation put on the website that explains all the complicated concepts (the whole micro and nano world).
You can make presentations, or explain yourself, in short, you have to explain all these things, not everyone is such a genius.
And most importantly my little friends,
Try to visit the knowledge site every day
Read and enjoy
Zvi Yanai in all its beauty.
This is just a small spark of what is in it, more of his material should be published.
Zvi Yanai:
"Given the huge gap of years between us, I would be happy if I could equip you with a bunch of practical advice for success in life, but success is a lot of things, most of which I don't consider and I don't like.
What I have to offer you is a guideline, which may help you to be at peace with yourself in whatever you do or don't do, because it does not depend on material success, is not conditioned by conquests and is not related to power and achievements, but to you alone: the satisfaction of following the dictates of your conscience.
You can find the compass for this guideline in the saying attributed to Hillel the Elder: What is hateful to you, do not do to your friend.
It's not a perfect compass, it's not always accurate, but I don't know a better compass than it. Its strength is in its simplicity, because it treasures within itself the principles of democracy, liberalism and human dignity.
Don't try to expand it, because if you expect them to do to you what you would do to others, or to do to them what you like, you will miss the goal and you will also leave disappointed.
It is indeed a small compass, but it is enough to protect you from the chaos of ends that sanctify means and the temptations of conformism.
Even if it sometimes seems to you that others are more successful than you without it, even if you remain lonely because of it, even if the act you did - or the acts you refrained from doing - will seem to you to be worthless in the face of events and processes greater than them, you will find that following your conscience will guarantee you a considerable degree of satisfaction, and in satisfaction there is Always a good dose of happiness.
I would like to hope that you will put your trust in science and that you will put your trust in rationality, but you should not treat them as a religion and do not try to find in them an answer to all the important things for the world and for man. Rationality will not be able to decide for you between the inclinations of the heart and the inclinations of the mind.
Science has no answer to the purpose of your existence nor to the meaning of your life. Even the understanding he will give you is within the limits of reason and limited in the fields of knowledge and the scientific method.
And yet, these two are the strongest guarantee of your independence of thought and your sovereignty over your life.
Remember, science does not try to discover the will of nature, because nature has no will, no intentions, no goals.
Scientists do not claim to know the final truth about the things they investigate, because there is no final truth, and even if it exists - they will never know that they have reached it.
Know, the truths of nature are not facts, but interpretations that scientists give to things they see and things they do not perceive with their senses. Therefore the truths change from time to time, according to the new interpretations that are given to them.
Science does not pretend to know the secret of things and the causes of events that cannot be described in scientific categories.
For this reason he does not investigate ghosts and reincarnations, because the soul that was incarnated in a person has no memory, and in the absence of memory this statement has no meaning. Science does not know God's actions nor his intentions, because his actions and intentions cannot be examined, confirmed or refuted.
Some see a weakness in this missing and ephemeral knowledge of science.
I see her as a strength.
The lack of knowledge built into science is just as important as the knowledge inherent in it, because the lack of final knowledge of things and the lack of absolute certainty impose on scientists an adequate degree of humility and keep them away from self-deception.
When you become familiar with the brevity of the news, you will find in it a practical and important message like no other. Because in a world where the future is unknown, decisions should be made according to what is moral, just and correct in the present.
According to what is proper and true today, and not according to what may turn out to be right and just in the future. Therefore, future goals - even the most lofty ones - cannot justify improper means in the present, because no one can know in advance how lofty that future will really be. Only the gods know with absolute certainty tomorrow, only they know eternity.
Therefore, only they are apparently allowed to take upon themselves the freedom to sanctify the means to achieve their goals.
But the gods are not revealed in the world.
Not even for those who claim to be their confidants and do their word.
Because if they were discovered in the world they would be forced to bear responsibility for their actions, and this is something that gods do not like very much.
They would be asked to account for the injustice, the killing and the destruction by standards of earthly justice and morality. And the gods don't like that very much. Therefore, beware of gods, beware of religious priests and fortune tellers, who claim to know the wonderful from their understanding.
Keep away from those who do evil today for the sake of good tomorrow, because the wrong actions in the present anyway tarnish the good that may be achieved through them.
Especially beware of that one and only god whose face radiates a light so intense and precious that he is required to hide his face from his believers. Lean on your mind, despite its limitations, because your sovereignty over your life, your independent thought, your chances of reducing ignorance have no solid support than it.
Also beware of those scientists who will claim in your ears that all their actions are intended solely for your sake and your benefit. Beware of their statements that the scientific truth compels them to develop the fruits of their discovery - as hard as they may be. A biologist is not a gene that acts according to a chemical necessity built into its DNA sequence. A physicist is not a particle of matter without free will, conscience and morality, which must act according to physical determinism.
Don't let the value judgment of scientists silence your value judgment.
Remember, scientists do not deal with beliefs, compassion, love, fairness and other values, but with processes that can be observed, tested, quantified and theoretically examined. A truly wise person, and I hope you will be like that, knows when to put emotion before reason, not only because it is the right thing to do, but also because it is the most important thing for him to do.
Stay away from any idealization.
From the idealization of life, of man, of emotion, of nature, of science, of the gods - and above all from the idealization of ideas, because every idealization buries with its own hands the ideal that stands at its foundation.
You know, the greatest abominations came from the creator of the greatest ideas.
From those who wanted to build a new world on the ruins of an old world, from those who strove to impose brotherhood, equality, freedom and justice on others, from those who wanted to create a new race of superior man.
Don't be tempted to idealize love,
to idealize brotherhood,
to the idealization of kindness,
to the idealization of justice,
to idealize beauty,
to idealize power,
to idealize heroism,
to the idealization of truth,
to the idealization of sacrifice,
to the idealization of friendship.
Especially beware of rationalization of idealization.
For all these reasons, my little friends, keep your little compass. "
What is beautiful here. How, from such an abstract theory, is a system of experimentation and prediction built that, apparently, at first glance, looks as if it is not related to the theory, however, it could not have been built without the theory.
Hugin, what material do you use, find out, find out for us too. We want too.
A beautiful video that explains how to imagine the dimensions to the tenth of them
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNvHdCosX08
Why does the discovery of excess fluctuations help to prove that there is a fifth dimension?
And wasn't it said that the other dimensions are curled up in Planck space, which means they are pretty much equivalent?
So who said it would be one dimension or another if at all.
Hugin,
I swear to you, I did not notice any ideas in the article!
Please rephrase the idea so that even a mere mortal like me can understand
Well, there are also 'wise men in the night' who know how to distinguish between the essential and the insipid and relate with the intellectual, spatial, and status breadth to the complex of dimensions of realities with the respect and awe that entails, but their time does not always depend on themselves but on their desire, their desire, their commitment and simply: as in the shadow of the whole land of sorcerers and sorcerers they blow With the spirit, the learned books and the soul of their breath.
Say Mr. Noam, apart from teasing me or praising me, you will not be able to give an 'ideological' reference to his article??
Hugin,
According to the time of your response, and especially according to its strange content, you must have written this from your sleep...
I think there are 81 dimensions.
just a feeling…
Hugin, 5 dimensions smaller than her.
Oops, this article requires reference and concentration in five dimensions!?..not simple, not sure, unfamiliar and perhaps well known for example in the books 'Dark Materials' (the trilogy) and more.
It is also likely that, similar to the weighty issue - and loaded with different perceptions in this article, the type of reactions in the chain of ties will be decisive! And perhaps it will also make it necessary on the part of 'a certain hand in the wonders of the site' to create many erasures, old and new, which will cause spaces and remove other reactions from their context in general and their absolute value (if any such a thing) to the point of 'systemic' ridiculousness also of the entire tegbitation system and some 'brilliant' minds on the site-dependent on personal identity as a 'triad' of N.A. for example (Michael, Noam, Oren) or the couple N.M. (point -Michael) and the unidentified as to gender will get confused and maybe even go completely crazy (much like black holes actually create suction and synergistic collapse).
So maybe we are at the beginning of the final theory? Or maybe the other one??
It's going to be an interesting 'Seder' - 'Passover' :)=+-(:
"The article was published in the November 2008 issue of "Scientific American".
published *
point,
The fact that there is an i does not prove that there are even more than 4 dimensions.
It's just a mathematical trick, to make algebraic structures have certain properties that don't happen in real ones.
Read, for example, about Hamilton's quaternion algebra.
The discovery of an additional dimension will only strengthen the assumptions on which string theory is based, the existence of additional dimensions.
In the equations of quantum mechanics, the imaginary number i appears. It's much more powerful than a small fifth dimension.