The finds were uncovered in the excavations of the Antiquities Authority in the National Park around the walls of Jerusalem
Evidence of the destruction of Jerusalem at the hands of the Babylonians was recently uncovered in the City of David in excavations by the Antiquities Authority in the National Park around the Walls of Jerusalem, funded by the City of David Association. In the excavations centered on the eastern slope of the City of David, 2,500-year-old residential buildings were uncovered, covered by rockfalls. Among the stones of the landslides, many finds are discovered: charred remains of wood - evidence of the destruction, grape seeds, pottery, fish scales and fish bones and special and rare artefacts. These findings show the wealth and character of Jerusalem under the rule of the capital of the Kingdom of Judah, and are a fascinating testimony to the end of the city and its destruction by the Babylonians.
Among the outstanding finds in the excavation are dozens of jars that were used to store grain and liquids, on some of which seal impressions appeared. Among other things, a 'Rosetta' impression was discovered - a model of a rose with six leaves. According to Ortal Kalaf and Dr. Joe Uziel, the managers of the excavation on behalf of the Antiquities Authority: "These imprints are typical of the end of the days of the First Temple and were used by the administrative system that developed at the end of the Kingdom of Judah. Marking the object allowed control and control over the collection of the crops, and their marketing and storage. The 'Rosetta' stamps replaced, in fact, the 'King' stamps, which were used by the previous administrative system.
The wealth of the capital of the Kingdom of Judah is also reflected in the decorative objects discovered in the excavations. A special and rare find is a tiny ivory statuette, in the form of a woman. The figure is naked, and has an Egyptian style haircut or wig. The quality of the carving of the figurine is high, and it testifies to the high artistic level of the object and the excellent skill of the craftsmen in this period.
According to Ortal Kalaf and Dr. Joe Uziel, the managers of the excavation on behalf of the Antiquities Authority, "The findings of the excavation show unequivocally that the city of Jerusalem spread outside the wall before its destruction. A row of buildings that are now being excavated appears beyond the line of the wall that formed the eastern border of the city in this period. Throughout the Iron Age, Jerusalem undergoes a process of constant growth, which is reflected in the building of walls, and in the expansion outside the walls. Excavations done in the past in the area of the Jewish quarter showed how the growth of the settlement at the end of the 8th century BC caused the western area of Jerusalem to be annexed into the settlement. In the current excavation, it can be suggested that after the expansion of the city to the west, buildings were also built from the east outside the line of the wall."
See more on the subject on the science website:
- The Fortified Tower in Jerusalem was built 1,000 years later than archaeologists had previously estimated
- A new photographic technology has revealed a Hebrew inscription from the days of the First Temple - on pottery that is still considered clean of a letter
- Evidence of the use of dyeing plants in textiles from the days of Kings David and Solomon
19 תגובות
Baruch ben Naraya the writer is a verified figure in an archaeological find
https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94
In the Ofel excavations in Jerusalem, Professor Nachman Avigad published in 1979, a seal impression on pottery, dedicated to Barchihu ben Nerihu. The seal probably belonged to Ramlihu ben Nerihu. It is possible that he is the brother of Baruch ben Naria.
This is a proof of the distinct disciple of Jeremiah the prophet, and hence of Jeremiah himself who belonged to the Babylonian school in the royal court, and not to the Egyptian school.
and more in relation to world heritage. At the gates of the UNESCO building, the same organization that denies our connection to Jerusalem, to Jericho in Hebron, is recorded the prophecy of Isaiah "and his class shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into psalms." Gentile will not carry a sword against Gentile, and they will no longer learn war." No other language has such sentences of rebuke/prophecy. Not in Greece, Rome, Egypt, Babylon.
Neither in the environment nor outside the environment. All the nations of the world recognize the sentence as their motto, but not the nation from which the prophet who produced the sentence came.
Last but not least.
In the days of Isaiah and Jeremiah, the problem that the prophets anticipated was not the polytheistic belief and the stages, but the insistence on offering sacrifices and commandments, while not maintaining the dignity of the poor, slaves, foreigners, etc. That is, socialist reform.
The extra-biblical documentation for the destruction of the First Temple is rich. For the monotheistic reality of that time, the characters they wrote are partially verified. At least the Jeremiah books were written by Barucha Sofer, who himself wrote a book outside the Bible that was not included in the Bible. But thanks to him we have the book of Jeremiah. Baruch was his student and appears in the book of Jeremiah, where they went together to a place called the Holes.
The location of the tombstones that testify to the monotheistic House of David also testifies to the size of the kingdom: the Misha tombstone in the city of Kamosh in Moab - Jordan, and the Tel-Dan tombstone. Tel-Dan is the Golan Heights. What about the situation in Tel-Dan and the House of David, if the House of David is so small that it is the size of a city as the Finkelstein school claims. The pantheistic priesthood of belief in one God in one place is identified with the House of David. Not with the Kingdom of Israel. I do agree with Finkelstein's dating of events, and that the truth about David lies somewhere in the middle between the 2 schools.
And a second fact: non-Jewish scientists known to all of us dealt with the Jewish Talmud and the Kabbalah books that were available in their generation. For example, Isaac Newton. All you have to do is search "izak newton and talmud". He also wrote literature on Talmud and Kabbalah. He also copied theological ideas, I don't know if physical ones from there.
Descartes. Other mathematical philosophers of the Western secular world and the Enlightenment. Be knowledgeable in the Talmud when defining concepts such as cognito. All that is needed is a search on the web "decartes and talmud". I admit that today religious and ultra-Orthodox people work against the Enlightenment in general and are mostly at war with the Enlightenment.
Descartes invented the Cartesian coordinate system and analytic geometry.
If they had nothing to take from the Talmudic sources, in the 17th and 18th centuries, why did they feel the need to read them. If they had it at home why did they feel the need to read them. What I am saying - the moral heritage, the legal system, the philosophy draws not only from Greek culture but also from Israeli culture. When it is presented as a theory of western philosophy it is acceptable. When the Jewish source is brought up - they deny it.
In order to learn the rulings of Halachot in Islamic studies, they study Talmud (the days of the Second Temple, signed about 200 AD): Iran, Pakistan, Indonesia, Jordan and more. In order to study the origins of Christianity - the most distinct source outside the New Testament about Jesus and his disciples is the Talmud and Jewish books. Those nations that seemingly do not like us, inherit the methodology of thinking and the legal system consistently from the sources of Judaism. They make a distinction between adopting the method and liking the people. As I said, the roots of Hasidism in the 18th-20th centuries, if we ignore the testimonies "against the Gentiles" because there are also "in favor of the Gentiles", are adopted into the other faiths and resemble secular philosophies.
Tikun Olam by self-correction, reduction in order to allow creation, and sefirot. Being beyond the material.
If the ideas are so bad, why are they adopted? There is no contradiction to the principles of science in my opinion, even though most religious people disagree with me and most atheists disagree with me. Science deals with materials and it is also gradually becoming non-material. The work of Nimer Arkani-Hamed who proved that the XYZ space was created from energy alone. It is true that many religious people fight science and enlightenment, and there is a small part among them who are interested in science like secularists.
There is a great deal of literature from the days of the First Temple that was written in Babylonian times (blessed is the writer, he is an exile, he was the main disciple of Jeremiah) about the belief in one God. For example, the four volumes of the late Professor Yehezkel Koipman "History of the Israeli Faith" are also written for the secular and make sure to combine extra-biblical evidence and extra-biblical background. There was an extensive layer that supported the belief in one God among the people and there was idolatry.
The layer that believed in one god believed in one abstract god. The other two monotheistic religions, numbering 3 billion people, are all based on this idea, nothing else. The Messiah of the Christians is a Pharisee rabbi named Yeshua, and more than him Rabbi Shimon Kifa, known as Peter the shaper of Christianity. The Messiah of the Muslims stayed among the Jewish tribes and from them he learned about the belief in one God.
Dr. Shurk's opinion is not the only secular scientific opinion, it is one of two main opinions.
As a researcher, he should present the opposite opinion as well.
Only Professor Israel Finkelstein disputes the existence of the House of David. This was used by the Palestinians on YOUTUBE, by UNESCO - but I do not see this as treason. This is his opinion. In the last twenty years, as mentioned, two solid extra-biblical evidences have emerged for the House of David and that it was not a small house but a large one. In my opinion, it also means the belief in one God.
If the king of Aram brags about the recognition of David, it means that it is a great house. If another Aram king boasts that he has captured one of David's warriors, this is a great house. Jesus has no reliable evidence, and there are not that many researchers who challenge his existence and that maybe he is an invention of Peter. It was said of a Sanhedrin that executed one in seventy years, that it was cruel. Execution was rare by and because of Jews.
The Talmud does attest to Jesus, but it was written in 200 AD. Josephus testifies to Jesus, but it is suspected that the Greek translators planted the testimony in his book.
The phenomenon of challenging the history that binds the people of Israel to the land I have only come across in the Jewish people. The new historians disbelieve in the new history of Israel. Of these, only Benny Morris, whose books I have read (victims and more) is objective and the rest are unbelievers in the right to the existence of the State of Israel. And this is in history from 1900.
I have not come across any other nation whose historians are so busy disputing their history. But I am not inciting against.
It is a characteristic similar to the inquisitiveness of the people.
Kabbalistic concepts introduced by Saint Hari in the 16th century and Hasidism in the 18th-20th centuries were also introduced into the other religions: Tzitzum, Tikkun Olam, Sephiroth. They adopt the concepts and deny the people themselves, considering they thought about it.
Another comment from Dr. Yachiam Sorek
And here is my response: monotheism almost certainly among the Jews of the Land of Israel can be dated from the second half of the second century BC onwards. Until then, the people who lived in Canaan - so called, Jews, were polytheistic, and even the reforms of Hezekiah and Josiah did not succeed in collapsing polytheism in the stages, in the Asherah, and more. We tend to attribute Jewish monotheism according to our inclination and not according to literary and archaeological findings. And perhaps we have somewhat forgotten that in all the biblical prophetic literature, sculpted animals are mentioned inside the temple, and what about the copper - the copper snake - that Moses brought from the desert and was worshiped even in the temple, and what about the sacrifice for your peace, Rome, and for the peace of the Roman emperor that was conducted and held in the Jewish temple in Jerusalem throughout The entire Roman period? Is it monotheism? And what about the lions embroidered in the veil above the Ark of the Covenant in any self-respecting synagogue? What is this if not a relic recycled to polytheism and not to mention all the animalistic images of Jehovah in the Bible. And by the way, the term "God" is surely a plural of Eloah, as is accepted in all the popular environment in all of Judea and Israel and outside of them?
my father
You're right! Hinduism is more monotheistic than Judaism. After all, all their gods are avatars of one god.
One god with all his helpers - the army of heaven, the angels and demons and all the holy rabbis and their graves... This is not really monotheism.
You can say that both Shiva is one god and the Buddha, and Hare Krishna - it is a belief in one god (with several other gods who only help or are only manifestations of the same god) and this is from before Judaism. And actually the Greeks also believed in Zeus "one god" only with a few more helpers "angels"...
Basically each of the ancient peoples had one central god with several helpers.
So what is the fundamental difference between our celebrated "monotheism" and theirs?
In one of the meetings I had with the late Professor Yuval Na'eman, he talked about a city in Syria where it began
Belief in one God. This city is called "Abla" and it has a king and its name is "Eber" and it also has a library of pottery that he wanted to explore. He connected this city with the mikraean "across the river" (across the river your ancestors lived, etc.) and also linked to the Hebrew word attached to monotheistic believers. (After all, we are all Hebrews, and speak the Hebrew language) From this it can be assumed that Judaism and the belief in one God is, in my opinion, much older than the Second Temple and the Babylonian Exile. Few people know that Yuval Naaman was not only interested in science and this subject kept him very busy. He was eighty years old at the time and unfortunately he passed away not long after his son.
Please respond gently.
Yehuda
Raphael
The number of people who remember Holocaust Day is negligible compared to the number of people who remember Christmas. What does this prove?
One of the strongest proofs of the Holocaust is that not even a single Nazi denied what happened!
Raphael - this is not the place for your callous missionary. please.
The strongest proof of the holocaust and also the one that will last the longest over the years is that the people of Israel observe holocaust day every year and never stop talking about it and educating the children that they will also teach their children.
In the same way, the strongest proof that there was a First and Second Temple and that it was destroyed is that we continue to observe Tisha B'Av every year and weep and regret as those whose death is laid before him and also mention Jerusalem at every opportunity. If I forget you, Jerusalem, forget my right hand, my tongue will stick to my cheeks, if I don't remember you, if I don't put Jerusalem on the head of my happiness.
Rafael, I have more important concerns. As the son of a Holocaust survivor, I think it is impossible to compare.
Abu Mazen when he was sitting in his library in Moscow could reach the proofs.
Yosef
"Handsome. There is also evidence of the existence of trains. It means that Potter, even if it is not a historical book, together with non-Pottery references can be used as a historical source."
seriously?
Raphael
No evidence of the Holocaust? Are not you ashamed???
A question for Avi Blizovsky - why do you always have to bring comments in the name of Dr. Maybe he will learn once and for all how to do this simple operation? Or is it too complicated for him?
In the same way it can be said that there is no evidence that there was a Holocaust. There are even some people who did a doctorate on it, like the arch-terrorist Abu Mazen. In short, Dr. Shurk & Co. are in good company.
Starting with King Ahab, Omri, Ahaz and Athaliah 842-846 BC, it cannot be said that the Bible has no consistency to extra-biblical testimony. King David 1040-970 BC. That is, a gap of about 80 years.
Researchers such as Dr. Shurk and chiefly Professor Israel Finkelstein, I assume with a high level of confidence, support the hypothesis of the sources according to which, apart from a few, the people of Israel were monotheists and the belief in one God became the heritage of a people during the Babylonian exile
(http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1006/reli.1999.0198)
A chain of Israeli professors fought against this: Yehezkel Koipman, Xosoto, the Reform Rabbi Beno Yaacov, Professor Nachama Leibovitz, Shmuel Yibin, Benjamin Oppenheimer, Meir Weiss, Yoel Elitzur, Zvi Karl, Asher Weiser and other people. In most of the world, the concept of the sources is accepted.
My personal opinion and I have no historical reference, I am not a scientist in the field, that monotheistic belief existed at least on the eve of the destruction of the First Temple, and that Jeremiah, Isaiah, Ezekiel sound too authentic to be made up. I am willing to agree that the sources were signed/designed during the Babylonian exile.
There are 2 direct testimonies to the existence of David and the house of David:
Misha's tombstone which is today in the Louvre Museum, where it says: ""Ariel-Duda" is probably a warrior from David's soldiers who was captured by Moab. The name Israel is also mentioned there. The Golan Heights monument commemorating the House of David ("Beit David"). The rest are hypotheses or inconclusive evidence.
Two pieces of evidence are enough, in my opinion, to prove the existence of a royal house. Perhaps small in size, but left a great impression on the people he ruled.
According to the view of Dr. Sorek and the school of Israel Finkelstein, all the psalms attributed to David himself - a psalm to David, and all that is told about the united kingdom are a myth and not supported by archaeological facts. Unfortunately, I don't have a practical answer to that.
The response of Dr. Yehiam Sorek
And once again it is proven how the Elad association does not let the facts confuse us. Everything that is revealed in what is called the City of David is automatically associated with David and his time until the destruction of the First Temple by the Babylonians.
The lack of archeological documentation that clearly and even hypothetically indicates its belonging to the biblical city of David, that is, the Jewish one, leaves the observer nothing but puzzlement to say the least as to how it belongs to the Jews, to Judaism, etc. How is the rosette painting related to the people of Israel, including the presence of an Egyptian-style statuette of a veiled lady - mercifully - how is it related to the people of Israel, and maybe we are just talking about an "abomination"? Dear researchers and diggers have brought us solid evidence and not a flowered owl in connection with the Jewish-Jewish association.
This reminds me of a joke from the XNUMXs that ran around among diggers/researchers and which I heard with my own ears from my teacher and rabbi Prof. Shmuel Safrai, peace be upon him at Tel Aviv University as follows: Is it clear that solid evidence has been found for the presence of wireless in the excavations in Jerusalem? is that so? Indeed indeed - no wires and communication lines were found at the excavation site.
come on. Show us evidence, even if it is not so sensational. And by the way, we have not yet found any evidence of a Jewish temple associated with the days of the First Temple.
Handsome. There is also evidence of the existence of the House of David. It means that the Bible, even if it is not a historical book, together with non-biblical references can be used as a historical source