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The end of the world did not come as the Mayans allegedly predicted. Will scientists be believed now?

One tenth of humanity believed that the world will be destroyed today, what does this say about the attitude to science and logic?

2012 HOAX website logo
2012 HOAX website logo

The CNN and Popular Science It is reported that one in seven Americans, according to a Reuters poll, that is, about 15% of Americans believe that the world will be destroyed in their lifetime. 10% believe that this will happen on a certain date - today.

The pollsters asked over 16 respondents in over 20 countries. It seems that predictions about the end of the world vary from place to place. Only 6% of the French and 8% of the British fear that Armageddon will occur in their lifetime compared to 22% in Turkey and the US. The Russians and the Poles were the most afraid of the end of the world on September 21.

According to the researchers, people under 35 with little education or low income were the most likely to believe in the apocalypse, perhaps because those over 35 had experienced enough in their lives not to worry.
In history, many cases of end of the world predictions were known - the Chinese, Egyptians, Native Americans, the Irish and more, but due to certain circumstances, the doomsday prophecy attributed to the Maya attracted many, perhaps even billions of people, hundreds of thousands of websites were dedicated to concerns about the end of the world.
The countries where the proportion of believers in this nonsense was the smallest were France (6%) as well as 4% of Germans and Indonesians believed in the calculation of the end of the world based on the Mayan calendar.

However, 2012 is not the only apocalypse that succeeded in Western culture. If you manage the over a hundred books on the subject of 2012 on Amazon, and are still hungry for some Armageddon, you can read Tim LaHaye's 16 books - which provide right-wing Christian apocalypses. The Left Behind series sold 65 million copies.

Where does the concept that the end of the world will end in 2012 come from? Why 2012? The date as I recall was taken from the Mayan calendar and Mayan mythology. According to the Maya, the gods tried three times to create humanity and failed each time. Therefore they decided to avoid creating perfect humans and created humanity in its current form, a creation that can survive for 5,126 years and then collapse and make way for a new attempt. We, the fourth creation, are about to end our term on December 21, 2012. Some Mayan experts have said that this is a wild imagination. There are many reasons to believe that the catastrophic conception of 2012 is Western and used the Mayan calendar as an excuse.

For historians of religions this sounds familiar. Americans have been hungry for major disasters for a long time. In the early 19th century, a farmer from New York state, William Miller preached that the earth would collapse in a mass disaster in 1843. When the end of the world did not come, Miller and his believers corrected the date in a year. This was supposed to be the end of Miller's integrity, but this was not the case, Miller's predictions were so fascinating to his believers that today number 16 million, they are called "Seventh Day Promoters" - a Protestant sect whose people believe in the second coming of Christ in the near future.

And there were also prophecies that fulfilled themselves. The people who brought their end upon themselves because of the prophecy of the end of the world were the Aztecs in Mexico. According to their prophecy, gods with white skin color will come from the east and save their people. Their last king fulfilled the prophecy and promoted Cortez and his conquistadors, and today there is not a single Aztec.

We will probably have to look for the answer not in the scientific field, because there is no reason for the end of the world, but only the slow end, which we bring upon ourselves by destroying the earth and global warming, but these do not have a specific date and their damages are felt to different extents in different places and at different times, and most importantly - it can be moderated them if we just switch to alternative energy.

The rationalists, like me, have tried over the years to explain in a logical way why there is no meaning in crossing the celestial equator, the reversal of the poles and what is the true meaning of a planet approaching the earth, and therefore why there is no fear that one of these will approach us. All of this goes over the heads of those who believe in these theories, almost as much as those who believe in more conventional conspiracy theories. the article "The end of the world will not come in 2012” which I translated from the Universe Today website in May 2009 was read over a quarter of a million times, including over 1,600 yesterday, and the figure will surely increase today. The meaning is that people have been exposed to the truth, the question is whether the average person has the tools to read scientific arguments, even those translated into simple language, and understand them, or does the lack of basic scientific knowledge in Israel make people think that the scientists are providing them with excuses, in order to prevent global panic - one of the most basic signs of identification of a conspiracy theory.

Some will say that this is cognitive dissonance, and therefore the spreaders of conspiracy theories, including 2012, gave them a scientific appearance, and therefore some thought that this was one scientific argument against another.

This day will pass peacefully, and will not be different from the other days. The question is how to channel this desire for knowledge, in an entire public that has been betrayed by the media. In a world where agreement with science depends on political affiliation rather than serving as a basis for any discussion, this is a very difficult task.

65 תגובות

  1. Maya
    The improved tools come from previous tools. Unlike animals, we have language and know how to pass knowledge from generation to generation. Today, new computers are designed with the help of existing computers.
    There are nations that do not have such a development, or the development is very slow. There are many possible reasons for this, I don't know an unequivocal answer to this. But - there is no spiritual matter here...

    I do not understand where I am condescending…… and why my vision is narrow. Did I miss something?

    A kind of experiment - are you implying that there is an experimenter?

    And what is the connection between spirit and evolution? this or this or this……

  2. Miracles
    I believe - that you do not understand how right you are!!
    But also how wrong you are..

    Where do these improved tools come to us? – by themselves?

    "Every generation that thinks its generation is special" - this is from the arrogance and narrow vision I was talking about.
    The world today is indeed different than ever..
    We are definitely a result! The result of some kind of experiment, and are in evolution - and in addition, the spirit exists. And it is also evolving.

  3. Maya
    The world is changing at an increasing rate for the reason that the tools to change it are "improving". Every 40-50 years the world population doubles.

    Nothing special is happening today. We live on a graph that is getting steeper. that's it.
    Everyone thinks their generation is special. that the world today is different than ever before.

    And we are a complex of matter and energy. There is no such thing as a "spirit". We are the result of evolution. that's it.

  4. If we get down from condescension, criticism and cynicism (as this article is written), and go into the depth of Maya research, then we will understand..
    Because the Maya tribe predicted the end of the era in which civilization lives. And we (with an earthly body and a veiled mind) understood this according to the level of our understanding..
    If we simulate the change that everyone expected to happen and it will be visible (we humans need a change here and now and if it happens in a process that is not immediately visible - we do not attach importance to it and do not see it as a change!), then maybe I will be able to explain the event that most of us misinterpreted and turned it into excuses In the media:
    When a year changes from 2012 to 2013. We don't feel a physiological/climatic/mental/spiritual change etc.. real.
    Rather, the numerical era has passed and the year is counted again. (And it seems that a "meaningless" routine is going to repeat itself)
    But looking back: we see that the character of an era has changed, people have become wiser, looking back over a period of time we see the change that has taken place in us as human beings and in our environment.
    For example, the most prominent example was throughout the last century (1900-2000), in which there was a very serious acceleration of development.
    You see the differences between the XNUMXs and the XNUMXs, and between the XNUMXs and the XNUMXs, and between the XNUMXs and the XNUMXs: in looks, in mentality, in wisdom, even in ozone, in climate, in material, in every mundane layer that we look at.
    And I will conclude with a sentence saying, do not close your eyes, do not deny the connection to the spirit within us, because we are a complex of spirit-matter-energy. Those who block themselves from knowing a new era, of exposure to knowledge that we did not know before, development and growth at a higher level - will be left behind, bitter and bitter with only his corrosive criticism and negativity.

  5. Creation to the point
    You don't come to judge the bad, but you have a lot to say about the good.

    Total - you have nothing to say. I describe reality to you and you refer me to practical stories.
    good luck with that.

  6. Forgiveness from my father, he didn't filter me like I thought,
    That is why it is said that every person should be judged fairly
    Miracles, don't just look at the glass half empty
    Read Masilat Isharim and understand how to reach the level of spirituality
    And the highest pleasure according to Maimonides
    I don't come to judge the bad in the world, because I am small
    in heaven's accounts
    May you see visible miracles in your life, Amen

  7. What happened to rationality and common sense? 21.12.2012 passed like another day and the world as usual. So we misinterpreted them, a reference to a different date, and the dancer dances poorly because the floor is crooked. Cults, delusional brainiacs and all other New Age geniuses (astrologers of all kinds and excellent fortune tellers) learn a proper profession and stop confusing the brain at the expense of others.

  8. their creativity to the matter
    A week ago I really enjoyed "Ziv Shekinato".

    I recently happened to be in Fegia. There was a baby girl there who was born in the seventh month. The girl was born with a severe deformity and suffered greatly. I have never seen such suffering in the face of any person. The baby was in agony. I guess in the end it was resolved in this situation.
    I will never forget what that girl looked like.

    Great God you have.

  9. Since the beginning of history, man has believed in Christ and the Apocalypse.

    All the reasons why there won't be an apocalypse soon are not particularly interesting because the idea is ridiculous.

    It is more interesting to understand why the human race behaves like this and what does it get out of it?
    Maybe the idea of ​​Gog and Magog makes us strive for excellence? :$ And Christ gives hope? Only he will come, instead of on a donkey, on a spaceship. And took me to live in Mars.

  10. Creation probably doesn't catch on here 🙁

    Miracles: The purpose is to enjoy His glory, this is the purpose on one foot.
    As it is written: "That man was not created except to delight in God and to enjoy His glory, which He called this the truest pleasure and the greatest refinement of all the refinements that can be invented" (Mesilat Isharim Chapter XNUMX - Rambam)
    May you see more visible miracles in your life, miracles..

  11. To enjoy what he called miracles, this is the purpose on one foot
    As it is written: "That man was not created except to delight in God and to enjoy His glory, which He called this the truest pleasure and the greatest refinement of all the refinements that can be invented" (Mesilat Isharim Chapter XNUMX - Rambam)
    May you see more visible miracles in your life and the doubts will disappear...

  12. Hypothetically:
    If they say that on 21.12.12 the end of an era is coming - it does not mean that on that day the world will explode. If we go by the Jewish culture, it is possible that on that day the sentence of that entity was signed, and hence it is a walking dead.
    That means the destruction will take a few more years.

    The concept of the beginning of the 26000-year-old sixth era in the Maya is actually interesting even though it has no scientific basis!
    In modern history there have been 5 mass extinctions with periods of 60,000,000 years between them, like the number of eras the Maya counted (they did not understand such periods of time), and it is possible that there were extinctions
    of knowledge also in human history. For example, the antikythera mechanism, the burning of the library in Alexandria (the movie Agora) and entering the medieval era. Periods when humanity that was technologically advanced but not culturally took a break from science and stabilized culturally. Precisely in the historical perspective there is an end of an era nowadays.
    In the USA, the trend of black and Hispanic minority rule is prominent. of administrations not sympathetic to Israel.
    In Europe, a demographic victory for the Muslims is expected (5-6 children per family growth rate compared to less than two for Christians). It is very possible to enter the Second Intermediate Period, of an all-Muslim world, which is buried in the ignorance of the lack of education (nothing genetic), and came out of the ignorance out of Islam and not from something else. Of course, it is possible that there won't be such a global change and it's all bullshit.

  13. Meir - words for girls
    I wish everyone would reach this level of understanding of the world and not be preoccupied with emptiness and vanity, because man is like the shadow of his days passing and all the titles and material things he has accumulated do not go down with him to the grave.
    That's why it's a shame for every second that passes and we didn't do anything to realize the purpose for which we came.

  14. What is not clear to me is, if the Maya were so wise, prudent and enlightened how did they not foresee their own doom and why did they not prevent it?

  15. I tend to agree with Assaf. Even in the past, there were dozens of prophecies of astrologers and numerologists who were deceived, and there are still people who believe their nonsense and spend their money on getting advice, "opening luck", reading in coffee / tarot cards and various delusional rituals. It's a shame we're deteriorating like this.

  16. I'm not really optimistic. In my opinion, scientists will no longer be listened to and the New Agers will continue to pour their verbal diarrhea on us despite the failed predictions.

  17. We in your generation also have a good and a bad end of days, like in the war of Gog and Magog. Each has its own dates that are sacred. The Mayans who believed that the end of the world was approaching were wrong. The earth will continue to exist even if the issue of global heat comes up and the alternative and green energies are not integrated. Nature will not destroy itself He will develop mutations and allow the changes in him. The one who can destroy the world and bring an end to all of us is us and the leaders who control us. If the madness of warmongers and malice will rise and come and nuclear bombs will ignite in every corner and chemical and biological weapons coming out of the warehouses will be scattered and distributed like dust or only then the world will be shattered.

  18. serious
    I meant that there is indeed a place here to give a platform to issues such as evolution, religion 21/12/2012 and such - because this develops the issue of criticality. This is exactly what is missing in idol worshipers of all kinds. Tell them something stupid and they say Amen.

    It takes some thought to understand that evolution is proven, that we are warming the climate, that homeopathy, chiropractic and acupuncture are eye work, and that there is no God.

    The problem is that most people don't think. Maybe a conversation here will remind them to think?

  19. איציק

    You are right, I will also add that in my opinion every matter and topic that is given a platform here on this scientific website, makes an impression on a considerable number of readers who are impressed here by an important matter that has meaning and even has some truth in it. I still haven't understood what the scientists gain by bringing regularly and in significant quantities the opinions and words of the science opponents of the science haters of the world of ignorance and superstitions. Is it possible that the rating has taken over and determines this site as well and not quality and reliability.

  20. People in the world, because of such nonsense, bought underground bunkers and stored hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of food and equipment and you scientists are still giving it a platform. You who are supposed to be presenting a serious logical argument based on facts and not on historical cow murals, should be the flag of the world because for hundreds of years
    In this destruction that God/nature is going to land on the earth and wipe out humanity. Friends, since the belief that Rome would be wiped out in its 120th year, nothing happened, and every time they repeated the theories and the "signs" and nothing happened. So stop it, we need To be an example of true, realistic thinking and not thinking from even eras that took advantage of the common man's fear of the unknown. Science should be
    The light that will illuminate humanity because fear is only in the minds of these delusional people and there is nothing to fear.

  21. This survey sounds like one big bullshit to me. Many Americans believe that the end of the world will come in their lifetime - simply because they are fundamentalist Christians who are just waiting for doomsday. They believe in it like the foolish believers in Judaism believe in the coming of the Messiah. Everyone has been hearing about the Messiah for hundreds of years and is sure that he is here, he is coming really soon, he must have just gotten stuck in traffic or something, and of course there are many signs that foreshadow his coming, wars and disasters, etc., etc. that it turns out that there are always enough of them to predict an approaching coming.

    The chatter about the Mayan calendar is simply a meme that has been blown out of proportion on the web and, as a result, in the media, something like a millennial bug only with much less grip on reality. Probably most of the people who believe in this, they believe at the level of "an interesting curiosity that could be true" and not at the level of spending all the savings a week before because tomorrow we will die. All the skeptics' preoccupation with this is simply unnecessary and only inflames the discourse on a stupid topic that it would be better to forget about long before 21/12.

  22. Wow what nonsense now 20:24 - let's wait for 00:00 then I will laugh at all those who believed it XD
    It's a fact that they said it would be at 11:11 and nothing happened. We sat in class and waited for the end of the world. The only thing that came out of it was a Bible study.
    Hahahahaha those who are worried that the world will end, let the fact that we are still poo and the earth is still poo.

    Oh man, when will this day end?

  23. Science was born from the stories of the Thousand and One Nights, make no mistake, science has been wrong dozens of times, regarding the depth of hundreds of questions there is no answer, in the absence of an answer there is faith, faith inspires research, research is crossed more than once
    So who to believe exactly? Scientists once claimed that soda is a cure for headaches. indeed?
    All arguments are unnecessary, what is true today may not be true tomorrow, I have read many Torahs, but there is none like ours
    Science should be taken seriously, but don't be fanatical, there is no 100 percent in anything, don't invalidate our Torah because you don't know how to understand it, not because some black ultra-Orthodox creates hatred for you, so the Torah should be invalidated,
    There are opal forces that act on us and download false information, and there are enlightened forces that download true information, the enlightened and the truth can only be understood through the Torah and not always through the commentators, you are with yourself and your understanding of the scriptures, and science will also soon crack many secrets, and it should be,
    The Creator will never let us understand the transition to our world, everything is hidden, otherwise it would be boring here, if we knew
    He gave a beginning and let life develop at its own pace, and when the rest go off the path, He brings it back
    to the straight path, to development to achievements and picking the fruits, in the same breath the Creator wants you to never forget that He is above us and we will never be above Him no matter how wise we become, only these people will advance in the future

    .

  24. Wait, wait, give it a chance!!!! There are still 5 and a half hours to destruction... and if not... wait a minute, actually we have to calculate according to Guatemala time and there the time seems to be 11 in the morning, so there is still a chance for destruction.

    In the name of all the "cuckoos", the fools, the fools, the idiots, the "newbies" and the rest of the loosers.

  25. איציק
    Wording is different from mine but the idea and opinion is the same as mine
    I have requested several times to remove this type of unnecessary and delusional articles in the world of science.
    Apparently there is someone in the system with a completely blind faith who believes that the arguments are filled with hate
    Between those who believe in the ways of science and between its opponents, it will eventually result that the opponents of science will be convinced that they were wrong.
    And they will leave their blind faith in a hidden and supreme power.

    Miracles
    I couldn't understand why your opinion is the opposite of mine, because I divided between believers in a higher power and occultism and miracles and lucky charms and those who determine their perception with the help of scientific knowledge, proofs and facts.

  26. Is this a site that deals with serious science or a site that deals with mysticism and stories of the Thousand and One Nights???
    What's been going on lately on this site, shame on you, this is what's bothering you, you who are supposed to be sane believe the mumbo jumbo of people who themselves don't believe in the retarded nonsense you bring, I don't understand what I'm doing here. Shame on you guys.

  27. I'm just quoting...
    Gottfried also said that people with lower education or household income levels, as well as those under 35 years old, were more likely to believe in an apocalypse during their lifetime or in 2012, or have anxiety over the prospect.

  28. serious
    In my opinion - on the contrary. There is a problem with people thinking that "skepticism" means questioning what science says.
    The meaning, to me, of skepticism is to learn to be critical. I am critical of things like homeopathy, astrology, "2012", and also religion.

  29. Some believe that it is possible to predict, or control the future or that the future in their eyes is planned by any factor.
    And there are those who believe that the future is unpredictable, unknown, and is not planned or controlled by any force or being.

    I am from the second group, articles and debates of this kind are not interesting to that group, it is also very difficult for us
    To understand, what motivates those people of the first group, to believe and believe and continue their faith completely blindly, and without any relation to reality, and no less surprising, is the fact that the majority of the inhabitants of the earth belong to the first group.

    It was right, on this site, to give much, much less space and time, and maybe not at all, to articles that are not related to the world of science.

  30. What's wrong with me?
    No professor of any religion said the world was going to be destroyed.
    Those who said this are those who believe in all nonsense.

    A bit reminiscent of religious...

  31. It is that the Mayan tribe did not predict the end of the world, the ones who predicted it are the scientists\[
    Are we now going to believe the Mayan tribe??
    Zetumara contrary to the understanding of all the shocks, the end of the calendar is not the end of the world but the beginning of a new cycle
    As it is written in the Torah, 'in the seventh month at the end of the year' a new year has come out, what will happen?? And in general 'and serve forever' until the Jubilee what is it?? What will ? what will happen now end of the world
    So it is that the shocked Catholic Christian Americans, each one of them in the apocalyptic college imaginings of evil people and the like (see horror movies) are the scholars with the rational degrees who do not understand religions, they think of their people of course as those who understand. The Maya, of course, I don't believe, even though they were developed 2000 years ahead of the Europeans, who, of course, were confused and presented all kinds of theories that this might be a lost tribe of the Israelites or with the help of extraterrestrials (according to Eric von Daniken)
    Conclusion Investigations of professors on religious matters (which also belongs to the site) (vanity -!!!

  32. What are these drinks? The Mayan tribe even said that on 21.12.12 humanity will advance to a new Eden;
    The ones who turned the belief into "the end of the world" are the Hollywood directors who decided to make a lot of easy money on the subject

  33. So what if 10 or 2-percent paranoia or idiots believe? Are they allowed? It doesn't cost money if you profit from it like from global warming or the CO2 that occupies the atmosphere. It is not important for the earth, it swallows everything for now.. that's how it was and that's how it will be because there is nothing new under the moon.

  34. What nonsense, the day is not over yet!!! No one said what time it will happen, they talked about Friday December 21st, so let's wait patiently please and don't rush to draw conclusions too soon.

    Besides, I heard that there might have been a mistake of a year in the calendar and actually the end of the world will come on December 21 in 2013.

    So we'll wait and see.

  35. Generation, I feel sorry for you.. We will meet in the next world and see what is more stupid and senseless: believing in God or the end of the world. A person who has no faith and does not try to think about where he came from in the face of the wonder of creation and our great complex and magical world - I am sorry, but he does not have the possibility of deep thinking..
    What is a person without faith worth? Who do you pray for that is bad for you? Who do you ask for help you need?
    May you reach the next world - remember my words..
    Shabbat Shalom
    Click here to

  36. Father, it is science that can also lead to the extinction of humanity
    If we don't know how to direct it in useful directions:
    AI:
    Atomic bomb, chemical and biological warfare, replication
    DNA and giving life to a dead cell etc...

  37. Well, the Mayans were wrong, the world survived, but there is a prophecy of the Tutsi tribe that the world will come to an end on 21.12.2014, now we have two years left to grind water.

  38. I read in one published article out of hundreds that the world will be destroyed today at 11:11 minutes, so the 15 people who read that article still have something to fear even now.
    But a friend who did not know about the existence of this prophecy told me when I told him about it:
    "The Mayans didn't know how to survive on their own and became extinct, but they did know how to find a date for the end of the world???"
    A beautiful, rainy day blessed with water and full of activity, this is what the end of the world looks like??

  39. They said that at 10:00 in the morning it will start. Of course NASA says that nothing will happen because there are 5 things that people think will happen first, that the planet Nibiru will destroy the Earth, but NASA would have seen it a long time ago. The second thing is the sun. Shemesh already has a tear, she's really going to die, but it won't really be a disaster from what she'll do in her current state. The third thing is asteroids that find theirs in Andromeda a few thousand light from here. There is the Milky Way followed by Andromeda, which is a space that contains only the debris from exploded stars.
    The fourth thing is a black hole that came from stars that exploded and were swallowed into themselves and created a rift in space and time as Heinstein described.
    Thing 5 is a neutron star that is scarier than a black hole, it moves very fast, you can't stop it, it swallows everything in its path, rather it doesn't swallow a radioactive destroyer.

    And from what I read about Maya, these are sick people. That's what I think.

  40. Be aware that the end of the world is supposed to happen at 12:12 today, so there is no telling if it will happen or not. And according to another belief, it is supposed to happen on December 23 (Sunday). I still think there is a chance it will happen!! I've always believed that...

  41. But the end of the world has really come!!! Today my wife said to me: Did you forget to turn off the boiler again???? and gave me an ambiguous look. My face turned pale, my hands trembled, my lips twitched and a deep understanding penetrated my mind - the Mayans were right!!!

  42. Sometimes it's better to be mediocre than small like you no one tries to escape from mediocrity but to create some tension and create some interest, a little boring I would say, no? Maybe not us Israelis, but we must remember that the whole world believes in this, not only we people invented 2012 to have something to do for people who are bored! And that's all soon they will invent something new.

  43. Why scare the public with nonsense~?? Not even the Mayans said it was the end of the world!!!! This is the beginning of a change, a change of consciousness, a change in the being of human beings! For the Maya, this is entering a different awareness.
    If they explained to everyone like this, then they wouldn't eat doomsday movies! It's the end of something else and a fresh and happy new beginning! Entering a new wave, the heart opens!!! So don't register without knowing what you are registering!!!

  44. well dears, i got tired,
    I'm tired of your intimidation
    I'm tired of your wretched and pathetic laughter
    Laughter of retards
    who laugh at those who are afraid

    I got tired

    I'm going to enjoy this life
    Eat salmon fish with green onions in a restaurant facing the sea
    with friends like me
    Real and full of love and enjoyment of life

    not lit
    not petty

    You tried to escape from the mediocrity and fell into it hugely

    Rise in peace

    Because life is here

  45. Why so much fuss about this date?
    This is not a scientific topic.
    This is just as much a scientific topic as the existence of the flying spaghetti monster is not a scientific topic.
    Why so many articles that state the obvious?
    Isn't there anything more interesting?

  46. Believing in God is worse than believing that the world will be destroyed in 2012
    When will you understand this, you medieval people...

  47. You tell me: the Maya tribe, the believers, the idolaters of your kind
    Nothing happened and nothing will happen! ! !

    Trust in the one and only God.
    point.

  48. Typo, the board ends today. Those who think so are simply wrong, there is no special day in the Mayan calendar in 100 years. They did not know the Christian calendar and therefore could not know that it was a day of any symmetrical significance.

  49. "We, the fourth creation, are about to end our term on December 21, 2112."

    It is true that this may be a stupid comment, but there are also those who believe that this will happen 100 years from now, so if the intention here was for 2012 and not for 2112, it should be corrected.

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