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Human Genome

Smoking and ultraviolet radiation end the effects of aging. Credit: The Science website via DALEE

The cause of aging: cumulative damage from factors such as radiation and smoking causes low expression of long genes

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Dutch researchers found that this process happens all the time and damages all genes, but the longer the genes, the more likely they are to be damaged because they have more sites. Especially the great damage is to nerve cells due to their inability to regenerate
Fertilization process illustration: depositphotos.com

Eggs from men and sperm cells from women: How stem cells may change the way we reproduce

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In theory, a male skin cell can be turned into an egg and a female skin cell into a sperm cell. There is also the possibility of a child genetically connected to several parents, or only to one parent
Figure 1. Methods for vaccine production before the corona epidemic. (Courtesy of the Committee for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine): Use of a weakened or inactive virus and a recombinant protein (the virus) that is transferred to the body via a viral vector and activates the immune system. Courtesy of the Nobel Prize Committee

Nobel Prize in Medicine 2023 for the pioneers in the field of mRNA who accelerated the vaccines for Corona

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Kariko and Weissman immediately realized that their discovery was of enormous significance for the possible use of messenger RNA in medicine. These important findings were published in 2005, 15 years before the outbreak of the Corona epidemic.
X and Y chromosomes. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The complete sequence of the human Y chromosome was assembled for the first time

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Scientists have successfully sequenced the entire human Y chromosome, revealing critical genomic features. This groundbreaking research offers deep insights into human biology and potential medical advances. The new sequence reveals genomic factors in fertility, including sperm production.
The genetic code in DNA. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The genetic code contains many synonymous 'words' - information theory may help explain the redundancies

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New research suggests that there may be two other significant factors that natural systems weigh: the information-theoretic nature of the genetic code and the principle of maximum entropy
The human genome represents a collection of genetic sequences from a diverse group of people. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The first human "pangenome" is intended to catalog genetic diversity

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Scientists have published draft results from a comprehensive research effort underway to capture all human genetic variation
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0045682

Chinese researchers are proposing to create tardigrade super-soldiers

Chinese researchers propose combining genes from tardigrades (water bears) to improve the ability of human cells to deal with radioactive radiation
Mitochondrial structure. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The DNA is decreasing

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For 1.5 billion years, the mitochondria - the powerhouse of the cell - have been sending DNA segments to the cell nucleus, and they merge with the DNA in the nucleus. A new study found that the contribution of the mitochondria to the DNA in the cell nucleus gradually decreases. This process is expected to reduce the incidence of some hereditary diseases
The DNA molecule. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Why is the "junk folder" in our DNA not deleted even after millions of years of evolution?

A new model offers an explanation for the huge variety of sizes of DNA in nature
HIV AIDS virus, retrovirus. Image: depositphotos.com

About 8% of the human genome originates from viruses

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Researchers examine how the ancient viral DNA in the human genome plays a role in disease and human development
Genetic editing using CRISPR. Image: depositphotos.com

Researchers at Tel Aviv University warn: treatment with the CRISPR method may cause damage to the genome

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According to the researchers: "The method is indeed very effective, but it is not always safe either. Sometimes chromosomes that have been cut in the procedure fail to recover and the stability of the genome is undermined - something that in the long run may even cause cancer"
Human Genome. Image: depositphotos.com

A new comprehensive map links every human gene to its function

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The study of genetics has progressed rapidly in recent decades. For example, just a few months ago, the first complete, gap-free sequencing of the human genome was announced. Now the researchers have made progress again and created the first comprehensive functional map of genes expressed in human cells
Human Genome. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The Human Genome Project deciphered only 92% of the DNA - now scientists have finally filled in the remaining 8%, a scientist who participated in the project explains

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Rare crabs. Credit: Shutterstock

Rare crustaceans and genomic sequencing

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Oncologists use genomic sequencing to try to refine the treatment of rare cancers - about this and more in the following interview with Dr. Sharon Pels - an oncology expert
The planet "City". Illustration: depositphotos.com

Why are more and more people moving to cities and is it worthwhile?

The cities are dense and have a fast pace of life, but still more and more people are moving to them, especially in the developing countries
Taking a DNA sample from an ancient skeleton Illustration: depositphotos.com

For the first time - the senior researchers in the world of ancient DNA formulated an international code of ethics

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structures of different proteins. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Google's DeepMind has published an accurate picture of the human proteome

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In what has been cited as "the most significant contribution that artificial intelligence (AI) has yet made to the advancement of human scientific knowledge," DeepMind and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) have released the most complete database for predicting the three-dimensional structures of human proteins.

Confused teacher: 5 things you should know when choosing a comprehensive genomic test for cancer diagnosis

What parameters should be taken into account when choosing a genomic test for cancer?
Who is a comprehensive cancer genomic test not suitable for?

Comprehensive genomic testing in cancer: for whom is the test not suitable?

Comprehensive genomic testing in cancer: great hope, but not for everyone
Decoding the genome of corona patients. Illustration: Image by Pete Linforth from Pixabay

We must sequence the genomes of corona patients and those of healthy people in order to improve treatment and develop a vaccine

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Gene editing of embryos. Illustration: shutterstock

The failure of the gene-edited babies experiment in China proves that we are not ready for gene-editing of human embryos

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genetically modified fetus. Illustration: shutterstock

A Russian scientist plans to genetically engineer babies by the end of 2019 - and the scientific bodies admit that they are unable to stop him

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immune system. Illustration: shutterstock

The European Union and Canada have awarded 8.65 million euros to an Israeli-led project to promote the sharing of genomic information related to the immune system

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The future of human evolution. Illustration: shutterstock

Human evolution is still happening and may even be accelerating

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Cells. Illustration: shutterstock

The genetic internet

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