These black holes revolve around each other and are going to merge in a few hundred million years, thus creating an even bigger black hole and as a result a catastrophic event that will release intense radiation and gravitational waves
Chandra images reveal an extremely bright phase galaxy, called NGC 6240, contains not one, but two supermassive black holes, which are actively absorbing material from their surroundings. This discovery shows that black holes can grow through mergers at the centers of galaxies, and that these mysterious events may be observed in the future using space telescopes to measure gravitational waves.
"The breakthrough occurred due to Chandra's ability to clearly distinguish between the two cores, and to measure in detail the X-ray radiation from each core," says Guenter Hasniger, from the Max Planck Institute for Outer Space Physics in Germany, co-author of the article describing the The research, which will be published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. "These cosmic fingerprints revealed characteristic signatures of supermassive black holes—excess high-energy photons from gas swirling around a black hole, and X-rays from iron atoms radiating in gas near the black hole," he says.
Previous X-ray observations have shown that the central region produces X-ray radiation, while optical, infrared, and radio observations have spotted two bright cores, but the nature of the region remains a mystery. Astronomers did not know the location of the source of the X-ray radiation, and did not confirm the nature of the two bright cores.
"Using Chandra, we hoped to determine which of the cores, if any, is an active supermassive black hole," says Stephanie Komosa, also from the Max Planck Institute, and lead author of the paper on NGC6240. "To our surprise, we found that both are active black holes!"
About 400 million light-years away, NGC6240 is an excellent example of a massive galaxy where stars are forming at an extremely high frequency thanks to a recent collision and subsequent merger of two smaller galaxies. Because of the large amount of dust and gas in such galaxies, it is difficult to look directly into the central regions with optical telescopes. However, X-ray radiation emanating from the galactic core can penetrate through the mantle of gas and dust.
"The discovery of a binary black hole supports the idea that black holes can grow to massive masses at the centers of galaxies by merging with other black holes," Komosa says. "This is important for understanding the process of formation and evolution of galaxies," she says.
Over the next several hundred million years, the two black holes in NGC6240, which are 3000 light-years apart, will drift towards each other and merge to form an even more massive black hole. Towards the end of the process, in several hundreds of millions of years, a massive burst of gravitational waves will occur.
These gravitational waves will spread throughout the universe and create folds in the fabric of space, which will be seen as tiny changes in the distance between two points. The US space agency's planned space probe, Lisa, will look for gravitational waves from merging supermassive black holes. It is estimated that such events occur several times a year in the visible universe.
"This is the first time we've seen a binary black hole in action, the barrel of the gun where something will form that will become large bursts of gravitational waves in the future," says Singer.
Chandra observed NGC6240 for 10.3 hours using the Advanced Imaging Spectrometer. Other members of the team are Wadim Borowitz, Peter Friedahl from the Max Planck Institute, Jill Kastra from the Netherlands Space Research Organization and Yoshishi Ikeba from the University of Maryland in Baltimore.
NASA's Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama manages the Chandra program for which the Office of Space Science in Washington and TRW in Redondo Beach, California is the prime contractor for the spacecraft. The Smithsonian's Chandra X-ray Center, Director of Science and Aeronautical Operations in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
For a statement from the Chandra Space Telescope Science Research Center
20 תגובות
she wore
If we take a large mass (let's say a rock weighing several tons) is it held or pulled by gravity? Does gravity pull the outer part? No!! but all the atoms at the same time, therefore it works both inside the material and outside it! Contrary to the force we will exert if we lift any object, it will act in this case only externally!
Hence the action of gravity is both internal and external, or appears to our eyes as external!!
Of course, this is relevant until the "boundary" of the material is determined and where the gravitational wave passes or touches it!
And another thing..even what the scientists "know" still does not mean that what they know is the only thing that exists!! Without underestimating, God forbid, the extensive knowledge accumulated over the years!
I still want to see the experiment in which they will show how the gravitational waves act on the atoms or on them .. an experiment that must also include the possibility of warping and even canceling the gravitational wave locally!
The pattern of the sheet is irrelevant because like a flag that flutters in the wind and changes its shape and with it the painting on it...the shape is a matter of vision that changes even when looking at a painting on the wall from different angles for example! It reminds me of the balloon model that came to explain the expansion of the universe..I admit that it took me a while to understand what I was being told..but after I understood again it became clear that the model is simplistic and does not reflect reality and many discoveries just in the last year prove that this model does not contain reality Because of the complexity of spreading everywhere at the same time...it's a balloon inside a balloon inside a balloon!! What's more, it gave me a nice and simple theory about the creation of the universe that is somewhat different from the accepted and known one (many swellings of the matter rather than one and in distant locations in the universe that would allow the matter to spread evenly because otherwise it is difficult to understand how the galaxies are far from each other and not all together if they started from the same point! Just a theory for my little self to have something to sleep on at night)
As said, gravitational waves are distortions in space itself.
The Earth moves in a circle around the Sun because the Sun creates a distortion in space-time that "looks" like a dent.
The Earth moves from his perspective, in a straight line.
Atoms are not "attracted" to each other according to the theory of relativity, but fall into depressions in space-time that the masses that attract them create.
Gravitational waves are not present in matter.
Imagine it this way - the whole space is a stretched rubber sheet. Now let's draw a star on the sheet.
If we knock on the sheet, a wave will spread through it (like a stone in water).
When the wave reaches the drawing of the star the drawing will distort.
What has changed here is not the picture we drew, but the surface on which it is drawn.
And the parable is understandable to those who understand.
to D. Peretz
Gravitational waves are waves in space itself, not in the medium of any material. Gravity acts on all parts of the atom, and on particles that are not in atoms such as nutrients, etc., because it acts on all mass and energy. If you didn't understand something it doesn't mean the scientists don't understand it.
The seismograph checks vibrations by measuring waves!
It is also true that if you hit the table a wave will be created! Two in fact, a material wave and a sound wave!
If the article assumes that gravitational waves will be scattered in space..does this mean that the assumption is that the gravitational waves are outside of matter? And if so, how do they make him unite? On which part of the material does gravity act? I assume that this is at the level of the atom or even less than that...shall we do an experiment to check what in the atom is affected by the force of gravity? In the meantime, it doesn't seem like they really understood the action of gravity in all its varied forms that contradict common sense to a certain extent!
Well, it's not that simple anymore….
Earthquakes are basically the movement of masses of earth due to pressures of this and that (sorry for the lame definition, but by and large it's true).
A seismograph checks in a fairly simple mechanical way (look at Wikipedia) the, well, vibrations of the earth.
If I take a hammer and beat the seismograph unconscious, it will still register it, because as far as it is concerned, it is moving.
Therefore a seismograph detects both nuclear explosions and passing trains. It does not measure the "gravity waves" created by the earthquake but displacements.
Basically, it works like one of those office toys for managers, the mother of marbles and balls.
What we are trying to detect by measuring gravitational waves is the stretching of space itself. And it's a little more complicated.
Regardless, like any other mass that moves, earthquakes are supposed to release gravitational waves.
The thing is that even when I type on the computer I release gravitational waves. My effect, that of the keyboard, and that of the earthquake is so marginal that it is practically impossible to measure it.
And again, even if the sun were to collapse now, detecting the gravitational waves it would emit is very theoretical, because the force of gravity, relatively speaking, is very weak.
Besides, as I explained before, to detect a gravitational wave you need to detect a change in the length of a certain object.
One of the problems I did not explain is the obvious problem: how do we know that the size of the object really increased and there was no movement in the devices?
When measuring something down to the thousandth level of the atom, it is very difficult to keep the "bar" exactly in the same place.
Try measuring your height when you jump on a trampoline.
That's why these experiments take place deep in the ground to, among other things, filter external influences (passing trains and such).
Needless to say, an earthquake, however weak,
You'll pretty much ruin the whole business, because again, we don't know if the object being measured stretched, or if something "kicked" the measuring device and brought it a little closer.
Good Day.
R. Besha, you got out of it well!!
Regarding the gravity waves shaking the comments here...what happens during the earthquake to the gravity waves?? An obvious question in my opinion!
Common sense means that they will intensify during an earthquake and therefore will be easier to detect and since we know about the seismograph that measures earthquakes... there may be a connection here to gravity waves in one of their forms! In other words, gravity waves may have different "appearance forms" contrary to what we think from our information about other wave appearances!
enjoy your meal
to understand interest
A theory according to Avraham Ibn-Shoshan's dictionary is a theory, a set of assumptions and hypotheses used to explain certain facts or phenomena, for example, the theory of the earth's existence.
According to Wikipedia:
A theory (or Torah) is a complete and systematic set of ideas whose purpose is to describe or explain a certain phenomenon.
For example, there are many theories about the formation of the solar system, most of them are certainly not true, would that prevent them from being called theories. Take for example the phlogiston theory, which spoke of heat as a fluid passing through matter, a theory that is clearly incorrect, as well as the ether theory, and the theory of Marxism, but that should not prevent us from giving them the name theory (even if incorrect)
Regarding the simple universe theory, even if you think it is wrong, it is still a theoretical attempt to explain the universe.
And by the way, if I build an imaginary simple universe, without any relation to the universe in which we exist, then the simple universe theory will explain the phenomena in it precisely.
Nevertheless, it might have been better to call the whole theory the simple universe idea.
I must nevertheless mention a number of predictions of the idea/theory of the simple universe, which are completely different from the conclusions of the accepted scientific theories that will allow to test its correctness:
A. The speed of light varies according to the background temperature of the universe. At one kilometer per year.
B. Bodies lose weight as a function of time.
third. There is friction in motion in empty space.
d. There is no dark mass, no black holes, no wormholes, and no dark energy.
With the help of a future test of these conclusions it will be possible to see if the simple universe theory can be called a correct theory/idea, correct in part, or not correct at all, and come to Zion Goel.
So have a good weekend
Sabdarmish Yehuda
The simple universe
No, usually around 10-11.
The existence of gravitational waves has not been proven in this respect as they have never been directly observed.
Despite this, "gravitational waves" which are undulating changes of space-time are one of the predictions of general relativity, and their propagation speed is equal to the speed of light.
The "gravitron", the force carrier particle of gravity has also never been directly observed, but there is indirect evidence that it exists.
(Because a wave can also be considered a particle, and everything depends on the experiment that is done on it, the gravitron and gravitational waves are ultimately the same, like the photon and electromagnetic waves)
The problems in its production are problems of energy.
One of the expectations from the particle accelerator currently being built in Switzerland
(CERN) is that it will produce such particles, or at least show absolute proof of their existence. We just haven't built a big enough accelerator yet.
Although, as I said, there is no absolute proof of their existence (no one has ever "seen" them) the circumstantial evidence shows that the gravitron exists, and the problem of measuring it directly is only a technological matter.
In 1993, the Nobel Prize was awarded to two researchers for discovering indirect evidence for gravitational waves, by analyzing the motions of a binary system.
And for those who insist: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulse-Taylor_binary
and: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave
I don't understand all the commenters who talk about gravitational waves whose existence has not been proven.
General relativity is a field theory that talks about changes in the texture of space-time. And from these the phenomenon of gravitational waves is automatically derived. These are actually changes in a certain frequency of the texture of space-time. Simple and clear.
And a little mental effort will make it clear to everyone why precisely black holes that collide around each other create stronger gravitational waves than the other known gravitational phenomena.
The cool commenter, what made you say that there is no theory for gravitational waves? Of course there is: general relativity. And another small note: there is no scientific theory known as the "simple universe theory".
Do you usually eat dinner at 8?
Mr. "Eyebrows", I was just about to correct your mistakes, but then I kept reading and realized I wasn't going to finish until dinner.
to the cool responder
Below is my email
sevdermishy@gmail.com
You may have sent a message to my old email.
And regarding the article, since I believe in gravitation created by the movement of particles as it is explained in the simple universe, I do not see where gravitational waves can be found.
But the explanation is not so simple.
Since the particles move at different speeds, then a gravitational catastrophe that happens somewhere in space will move at different speeds depending on the speed distribution of the particles creating the gravitation. For example, suppose the sun suddenly disappears, then we will start to feel the weakening of gravity from the sun already after a short time. In the first few minutes, the loss of the Sun's gravity will be tiny, but the loss of the Sun's gravity will increase, when around five to nine minutes or so the loss will be maximal, and then again it will decrease until the Sun's gravity disappears completely.
In addition, the further we are from the gravitational catastrophe, the longer the gravitational change will last, so it doesn't seem to me that it would be possible to see any kind of gravitational wave phenomenon as a result of a super nova explosion or a massive cosmic event.
It's a shame about the funds that are wasted for the aforementioned "no" waves.
What do you think about the explanation of the phenomenon by the idea of the simple universe??
Isn't it nice and original?
May we have a quiet weekend and may the sun not disappear from us.
with a smile
Sabdarmish Yehuda
There are countless physical phenomena, in relation to what we know on our tiny earth, that we have accustomed ourselves to unjustly, because what exists and we know on earth, according to these data, we tend to explain physical phenomena, that when they are proven, there is no problem in the context of adopting ways our thinking.
and the gravitational waves; We know (well) the mass that distorts space, that when it moves at the speed of light (squared), energy is released (Einstein), and from the laws of physics: energy can be converted, and we recognize it, among other things, according to its wave properties; Between the states of mass (through, among other things, the sense of touch), to the wave state, there are countless states of relation, for example the duality of light; What is now left to place: states of mass in motion at innumerable velocities relative to the infinite space of the universe (also relative), exist, and then there is a better chance to get an idea of gravitational waves.
How can there be gravitational waves if there is no theory that supports them?
The theory of relativity talks about a change in space and not about waves, Newton did not explain and certainly did not support gravitational waves.
Even the simple universe theory doesn't talk about gravity as waves.
Besides, waves of what? In what form do these waves travel? And how is their energy expressed?
post Scriptum. Yehuda Sabdarmish, look in your mailbox.
It really sounds simple!! How did we not think of this?
So how do you look at gravitational waves?
Well at the moment we are not really looking, because there is no direct proof that they exist.
But, in theory, a stick of a certain length will elongate somewhat to pass that gravitational wave. If we manage to continuously measure the length of some stick, and suddenly it lengthens, in accordance with another stick located in another place (for the control), we have found the gravitational waves.
Unfortunately there are some problems. Gravity is a very weak force (compared to the electromagnetic force for example. A magnet from your refrigerator lifts a clamp against all the gravity of the earth) and therefore it is very difficult to detect it.
The calculations (theories) show that if a super nova occurs on our nose, the aforementioned stick will lengthen by about one millionth of an atom, because the effect is very, very weak.
Nowadays, we try to locate the gravitational waves just like that, with a stick. But the stick is a 4 km long tube (because the stretching effect increases with the length of the bone, meaning that the bigger the bone, the more it stretches...) inside which ran a laser beam that measures the distance between the two ends.
This facility is located in Louisiana and is called LIGO.
If it doesn't work (and for now it doesn't work) then another experiment is planned, only in space.
The idea is the same: take two satellites, and run a laser beam between them. Because of the huge distance between them, if a gravitational wave arrives, it will distort space (time...) and we will be able to feel it in the change of distance. The name of this experiment is LISA
If all this happens when at the same time we see a super nova in the sky or something like that (that is, a big astronomical event of one kind or another, because, theoretically, these are events that say to release gravitational waves).
Then a Redeemer will come to Zion.
How will gravitational waves be released if their existence has not been proven?
How do you look at gravitational waves? How do you identify and feel them?