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This artist impression shows the pulsar PSR J1023+0038 stealing gas from its companion star. This gas accumulates in the disk around the pulsar, slowly falls into it and is eventually ejected in a narrow jet. In addition, there is a wind of particles blowing from the pulsar, represented in the figure by a cloud of very small dots. This wind collides with the gas falling in, heating it and causing the system to glow brightly in X-rays, UV and visible light. Eventually clumps of this hot gas are ejected with the jet, and the pulsar returns to its initial, weaker state, and repeats the cycle. This pulsar has been observed to continuously switch between these two states every few seconds or minutes. Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser

Cosmic Shells: Solving the Mystery of Strange Pulsar Brightness Changes

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Astronomers have deciphered the strange behavior of the pulsar J1023+0038. This pulsar, which rapidly transitions between two brightness states, emits material in sudden bursts that cause these transitions. Thanks to this breakthrough, which included extensive observations and analyses, we better understand the dynamics of pulsars.
This image shows Neptune viewed with the MUSE instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT). At each pixel inside Neptune, MUSE splits the incoming light into its component colors or wavelengths. Figure: ESO

Dark spots on Neptune were first discovered from Earth

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New research reveals mysterious dark and bright spots in Neptune's atmosphere using first ground-based observations with the VLT telescope
A simulation of a star system that was supposed to include the black hole closest to us, but in the end it was clarified that there is no black hole. Photo: ESO

A system in which the "closest black hole" is allegedly found does not include a black hole

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In 2020, a team led by astronomers from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) reported the closest black hole to Earth, which is only 1000 light years away. But other researchers have disputed their results. After further observations from the ground and from space, both the original researchers and their critics came to the conclusion that there is no black hole
The most detailed image of the planetary nebula NGC 2899 as captured by the FORS instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope in northern Chile. This object has never been photographed in such striking detail, with even the faint outer edges of the planetary nebula glowing against the background stars. Photo: ESO

Like a butterfly floating in space

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This image, taken by the SPHERE instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope, shows the star TYC 8998-760-1 accompanied by two giant exoplanets, TYC 8998-760-1b and TYC 8998-760-1c. This is the first time that astronomers have directly observed more than one planet orbiting a Sun-like star. Both planets are visible as two bright spots in the center of the image (TYC 8998-760-1b) and lower right (TYC 8998-760-1c), indicated by arrows. Other bright spots, which are background stars, are also visible in the image. By taking different images at different times, the team was able to differentiate between the planets and the background stars. The image was taken by blocking the light from the young Sun-like star (top left of center) using a coronagraph, which allows the detection of fainter planets. The light and dark rings that you see on the image of the star are optical devices. Credit: ESO/Bohn et al

A rare direct photograph of planets around a sun similar to ours

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This artist's impression shows the orbits of the objects in the triple system HR 6819. This system consists of an inner pair with one star (orbit in blue) and a recently discovered black hole (orbit in red), as well as a third object, another star, in a wider orbit (also in blue). Figure: ESO/L. Calçada

The closest black hole to our solar system has been discovered

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Observations made with the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT) have revealed for the first time that a star orbiting the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way moves exactly as Einstein predicted in his theory of general relativity. Its orbit is in the shape of a rosette and not in the shape of an ellipse as Newton predicted in his theory of gravity. Figure: ESO

ESO's Giant Telescope in Chile watched the star dance around the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way; Proves that Einstein was right

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Thanks to a reanalysis of the data from 2017 of the merger event, we have now detected the signature of one defined heavy element within this fireball, the element strontium, proving that a collision of neutron stars caused the creation of this element in the universe. Figure: ESO

First ever detection of a heavy element created by the collision of neutron stars

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The predicted planet with a mass 3.2 times that of Earth orbits the red dwarf known as Barnard's Star. Figure: ESO

Super Earth orbits Barnard's star

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This image of the spiral galaxy NGC 3981 was taken by the FORS2 instrument on ESO's VLT. The galaxy NGC 3981 is located in the southern constellation Crater, about 65 million light-years from Earth. Photo: ESO

The galaxy photographed by the world's largest telescope just because of its beauty

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Many luminous galaxies fill this rich image taken with ESO's VLT Survey Telescope, an advanced 2.60-metre telescope designed to survey the sky in visible light. The features of the many galaxies scattered across the image allow astronomers to reveal the finest details of the galaxy's structure.

A night full of galaxies

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This image shows the galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5 + 2223 taken by the NASA / ESA Hubble Space Telescope. The image in the magnifying square is the distant galaxy MACS1149-JD1, as seen 13.3 billion years ago and recently observed by Alma. The oxygen concentration discovered by 'Alma' is depicted in red. Photo: ESO

Evidence of stars formed only 250 million s after the big bang

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Artist's rendering of Proxima b The planet orbiting the red dwarf Proxima Centauri. The double star Alpha Cantauri A and B appears in the image between the planet and its sun. Image: ESO / M. Kornmesser

ESO confirms: Terrestrial planet discovered around Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Solar System

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The asteroid Chariklo. ESO/L. Calçada/Nick Risinger (skysurvey.org)

Rings were discovered around an asteroid for the first time

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The stars are similar to the sun. Figure: ESO

A glimpse into the future of the solar system: a star similar to the sun but twice its age

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An unprecedented photograph of the object Herbig-Haro 46/47 combining radio observations from the Alma Observatory with much shorter wavelength photographs of visible light from ESO's New Technology Telescope. Alma observations (orange and green, lower right) of the newborn star reveal a large energetic jet moving away from us, hidden by the dust and gas in the nebula where the star was born. On the left side (in pink and purple) we see the visible part of the jet, partially flying towards us. Photo: European Southern Observatory (ESO)

Chile: A telescope photographed a star born only 1,400 light years from Earth

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A galaxy that swallows the gas around it at the time when the first galaxies developed. Figure: ESO

A rare look at the galaxies that swallowed everything around them at the beginning of the universe

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Artist's impression of the planet orbiting Alpha Centauri B. Image: ESO

Good thing it's close: a planet the size of the earth was discovered orbiting the sun closest to us - Alpha Centauri B

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The European Southern Observatory's Vista telescope at Parnell in Chile captured this spectacular image of the Helical Nebula. Credit: ESO/VISTA/J. Emerson.

"The Eye of God" changed its color from blue to brown

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Imaging of the giant telescope E-ELT of the European Southern Observatory in Chile

The giant European telescope is on its way - the biggest eye in the sky

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Newly discovered open clusters. Photo: European Southern Observatory (ESO)

96 open clusters were discovered in and behind the Milky Way dust lane

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The star formation region ngc_6729t. Photo: ESO

Newborn stars make names in their delivery room

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A planet from another galaxy (right) and its star (left), the yellowish star HIP 13044 in the lower right and its planet HIP 13044 b. This solar system is a remnant of a dwarf galaxy that was engulfed by the Milky Way billions of years ago. Credit: ESO/L. Calçada

A planet without a galaxy

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Artist's impression shows the planetary system around the Sun-like star HD 10180. Copyright: ESO/L Calçada

A solar system similar to ours has been discovered

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Artist's illustration of a double asteroid. Image: ESO, European Southern Observatory, European Space Agency.

Astronomers from Tel Aviv University reveal the origin of "separated pairs of asteroids"

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