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Differentiation

Histological sections of the leg muscles without injury (left) and five days after it (center, right) in a control mouse and a transgenic mouse. It can be seen that the area of ​​the muscle fibers that develop after the injury is smaller in the transgenic mouse, which indicates a disturbance in the differentiation of the stem cells into muscle cells

overcome the damage

Researchers have discovered that two epigenetic events (removing and adding methyl from DNA) lead to the differentiation of stem cells into muscle cells and thus to the regeneration and healing of muscles after their injury
Image 2: Differentiation process of stem cells into nerve cells. The source of the photo: Sharon*. Human embryonic stem cells grown in cell culture on fibroblasts of human origin. The stem cells are grown on a layer of cells that are used as a feeder layer (on the "feeder layer" left picture). In order to make them differentiate, they are collected and grown as a cluster of cells in suspension (central image), and various substances are added to them that cause them to differentiate into neurons (right image, after 10 weeks of sorting - dyed with a special fluorescent dye green - nerve cells. Blue - the cell nuclei).

How does the process take place in which stem cells acquire their specialization, and become mature cells?

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After the division of the simple model cell, one of the daughter cells inherits only one type of lipid (red) and most of the protein fragments (blue), while the other daughter cell inherits two types of lipids (red and green). Image: See link to the source of the image at the end of the article

New insights into the mechanism of cell division

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