Evolution - the rise of man

View from Stora Förvar Cave on Stora Karlsö Island, Sweden. Credit: Jan Storå / Stockholm University

Remains of wolves from thousands of years ago on an isolated Baltic island suggest that humans brought them and managed their lives

Genetic and isotopic analysis showed that these were gray wolves and not dogs, but their aquatic diet, low genetic variation, and signs of injury raise the possibility of ongoing contact with prehistoric communities.
Ancient DNA from Denisovans left humans with a significant genetic advantage — a gene variant that could have helped early Americans survive new pathogens, and may still affect our health today. It allowed the Sherpa tribe of Nepal to live easily in the Himalayan highlands. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The hidden Denisovan gene that helped humans conquer the Americas

Traces of long-buried Denisovan DNA are resurfacing in the genomes of modern humans—and they may still be working in our favor today
A young chimpanzee makes eye contact. New research suggests that chimpanzees are capable of rational thought and changing their decisions when new evidence emerges. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Psychologists have discovered that chimpanzees are capable of rational thought, similar to humans.

A team of researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, and partner institutions studied chimpanzees in the E-Ngamba Reserve in Uganda and found that they change their choices when given stronger evidence – a finding that places rationality at the center of
Reconstruction of a Neanderthal family in the Neanderthal Museum in Croatia. Illustration: depositphotos.com

First Neanderthal footprints on the coast of Portugal change knowledge of early humans

Fossilized footprints dating back some 80 years discovered on the Algarve coast reveal how Neanderthals moved, hunted and exploited coastal environments – and show a diverse diet based on deer, horses, rabbits and marine resources.
An Israeli family from 140 years ago, drawn using AI. On the left - the Neanderthal father, in the middle the mixed-race daughter and on the right the mother - Homo sapiens. Courtesy of Tel Aviv University

Earliest evidence of interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals discovered in Israel

For the first time in science, early biological connections between the two human groups that were considered two separate human species have been documented.
One possibility is that the chin was intended as a decoration in the style of peacock feathers, especially when accompanied by a beard in men. Roni Cuban. Photo: Israel Broadcasting Corporation

The mystery of the human chin: a unique feature of Homo sapiens that challenges the laws of evolution

While many features of our bodies are explained by biological comparisons between different species, the chin remains an isolated case – with no parallel, no converging observations, and no definitive answer.
Arid desert landscape in the Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Illustration: depositphotos.com

New study refutes the theory that human evolution in Africa was caused by climatic drying

Brown University researchers have discovered that North Africa remained relatively wet even during a period of global climate change – a finding that challenges the link between drying and the paving of humanity.
Native American family in a park in Columbia. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Ancient Asians undertook the longest migration in human history – and shaped the genetic landscape of the Americas

These early humans, who roamed the Earth over 100,000 years ago, traveled more than 20,000 kilometers on foot from northern Asia to the southernmost tip of South America.
Tupac, a young male bonobo scratching his head. Credit: Lucas Bierhoff, Bonobo Research Project at Kokulofori.

Bonobo speaks in sentences: New study challenges the uniqueness of human language

Joint research from the University of Zurich and Harvard reveals that bonobos use meaningful vocal combinations, suggesting deep evolutionary roots for language
On the right - the desert Arabian Peninsula as it appears today. On the left - green, as it appeared 8 million years ago. Illustration: Avi Blizovsky via DALEE. This illustration should not be considered a scientific image.

8 million years ago, the Arabian Peninsula was green: Fossils and caves change the history of human migration

8 million years ago, the Arabian Peninsula was green: Fossils and caves change the history of human migration
Figure: Morphological variation in the semicircular canals of the ear in Neanderthals. Credit: Alessandro Urciuoli, Institut Català de Paleop

Neanderthals experienced a catastrophic population collapse 110,000 years ago

New study reveals sharp decline in Neanderthal genetic and morphological diversity in evolutionary bottleneck
Two ancient human skulls. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The genetic secret revealed: Humans evolved from two separate ancient species

New research at the University of Cambridge reveals that the modern human genome was created as a result of a merger between two ancient populations, which separated about 1.5 million years ago and reunited about 300 years ago.
Illustration depicting Homo sapiens and Neanderthals sharing technology and behavior (Credit: Efrat Bakshitz)

Contrary to conventional scientific belief: Homo sapiens and Neanderthals were not enemies and even cooperated

New research conducted in the Tanshemesh Cave in central Israel reveals that ancient humans lived together, shared technologies, and even maintained extensive cultural and social ties * Prof. Yossi Seidman of the Hebrew University, lead researcher
Two Homo erectus individuals sitting around a campfire. Illustration: depositphotos.com

How Homo erectus survived in harsh desert conditions over a million years ago

New evidence reveals that Homo erectus was able to survive in extreme environments like deserts as early as 1.2 million years ago, challenging the notion that only Homo sapiens was such an adaptable creature.
The body structure of Australopithecus afarensis significantly limits its running speed. Imaging of the Australopithecus skeleton, with and without muscles | From the article, Bates, KT. et al., Current Biology, 2024

Evolutionary race

New study: An ancient species in the human lineage walked on two legs, but could not run as fast and efficiently as we do
Figure 2 - Stone tools and hand stones from site MW2, all made of volcanic raw materials. Photo credit - Arela Hubers.

The adaptability and thinking of early hominins in Ethiopia 1.6–1 million years ago was developed

The study examines how ancient humans chose and used different types of rocks to create tools, focusing on the archaeological site of Malacca and Kena in the Ethiopian highlands, one of the oldest high altitude settlement sites in the world
Evolution of man: display of skulls of our ancestors. Illustration: depositphotos.com

New research may explain why the human brain is so large and developed

A new study conducted at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem presents an innovative method for inferring DNA methylation patterns in tissues that did not come from ancient skeletons, and provides a deeper understanding of the evolutionary processes that shaped the human brain and its functions
Born in Papua, in the province of Papua in Indonesia. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Early humans interbred with three different extinct species of Denisovans

Genes from extinct human species allow the Tibetans to live in a low-oxygen environment, the Papuans got a good immune system and the Inuit (formerly called Eskimos) cope thanks to these genes with the arctic cold
A female chimpanzee with her baby. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Sad chimpanzees give birth: childbirth is also a challenge for great apes

Researchers simulated childbirth in chimpanzees and humans and measured the distance between the bony birth canal and the fetal head. The study shows that narrow birth canals relative to the size of the baby's head are not unique to humans
Behumi and Bell mother and daughter credit David Omer's laboratory

Monkeys mark each other with names and open a new window for understanding the development of human language

Groundbreaking research reveals that marmosets mark each other by name using unique calls, an ability that until now was thought to be the exclusive preserve of a limited number of species. The findings provide new insights
Parents talking to their children. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The parents adapt the way of speaking with the babies to their development

Researchers from the Hebrew University and their partners around the world have discovered that parents repeat words more often when talking to young babies, and use a more varied vocabulary as the children get older
A green city, for mental health. Credit: The Science website. The image was produced using DALEE for illustrative purposes and is not a scientific image

Human culture is changing at a rate too high for evolution to catch up - so it could affect each of us

Some problematic trends can be understood from a mismatched evolutionary fit. For example, competition and anxiety about social status have been linked to obsessions with studies, competing for prestigious positions and materialism. There is a growing trend of "being poor longer".
An example of a Kina type scrubber. Photo: Dr. Ran Barkai, Tel Aviv University

A stone tool for cutting and processing hides of camels from 400,000 years ago

A new study by Tel Aviv University reveals: in the areas of the Samaria Mountains, east of Jaljulia and Merat Kesem, special stone tools appeared for the first time in the world, which were used about 400 thousand years ago to hunt donkeys
A herd of elephants illustration: depositphotos.com

The mystery of the prehistoric quarrying sites has been solved: the connection between man, the elephant and the source of water

Why did the ancient man return again and again, over hundreds of thousands of years, to the same quarry sites? It turns out that the secret lies in the migration routes of the elephants
A family of chimpanzees. lost the tail Illustration: depositphotos.com

Why did we lose the tail?

The loss of the tail occurred about 25 million years ago, when the lineage of humans and great apes split from that of the ancient apes. The researchers identified the insertion of a specific AluY element into the intron of the TBXT gene
New research shows great apes have an extraordinary social memory, recognizing former group members even after more than 25 years. This finding, which indicates a significant cognitive similarity between great apes and humans, emphasizes the depth and duration of social ties in our animal relatives. The study found the longest-lasting non-human social memories ever recorded. Photo: Johns Hopkins University

Eternal bonds: Great apes exhibit remarkable memory for their long-lost friends

Great apes recognize pictures of group members they haven't seen in more than 25 years and respond more enthusiastically to pictures of their friends, new research suggests
The Homo erectus tribe participates in the hunt. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Continuing the Tracing of Human Descent: The Impact of Climate on Out-of-Africa Migration

Sediment studies in the Mediterranean reveal the existence of a green corridor in the Sahara desert that emerged at the exact time when our ancestors migrated from Africa about 2.1 million years ago
Capsule secret. Illustration: depositphotos.com

What does our voice say?

On the way in which vocal expressions can convey emotional information, especially in powerful experiences, and on the importance of the visual context
The gorilla Leah. Photo: Tivor Yeager, courtesy of the Safari

The evolution of facial expressions

The primitive facial architecture of the gorilla as a key to understanding human facial expressions
The famous prehistoric rock paintings of Tsili N'Air, Algeria. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The evolutionary changes following the extinction of the large animals

The need to hunt small animals caused prehistoric man to improve his mental abilities in order to perfect his hunting tools
Flint vessels from periods that go back to the settlement of Homo erectus at the site of the Bnot Ya'akov Bridge over 600 thousand years ago. Courtesy of the researchers

Time travel following the travels of early man

The people who lived in the Hula valley hundreds of thousands of years ago made long journeys to obtain quality raw material for the production of hand stones

חולטה-השולל בהישולל בהישורים, the true reason for ליירירי הדיור ושיטה הגאוניט ההופקת את מעציעה השולל לעבדים מודריםים

Chapter nine from the book: "The Free Man - Evolutionary Psychology, Brain Research and Understanding the Mind"
One of the sons of the Nama. Photo from Wikipedia

New DNA research changes the origins of the human race

A new model of human evolution suggests that Homo sapiens arose from many closely related populations rather than from a single group
Using meticulous and detailed collection methods, a research team led by the University of Minnesota in the Twin Cities was able to place the remains of fossilized apes, such as Morotopithecus, within detailed reconstructions of habitats. Credit: Corbin Rainbolt

Rewriting human evolution: Great apes lived in open habitats 10 million years earlier than expected

Using rigorous and detailed collection methods, the researchers were able to place the remains of fossilized apes, such as Morotopithecus, in detailed reconstructions of habitats. Credit: Corbin Rainbolt
Illustration - Exploitation of a large-headed midge. Credit - Tel Aviv University

The earliest evidence of giant fish being cooked by early man has been uncovered, about 780,000 years ago

This is the earliest evidence of self-initiated cooking with fire. A global breakthrough by the Hebrew Universities, Bar Ilan and Tel Aviv in collaboration with Oranim College and the Sea and Lake Research Institute
Prof. Dori Derdikman from the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine at the Technion. Photo: Nitzan Zohar - Technion Spokesperson

The brain mechanisms behind territorial behavior -

An international study with the participation of researchers from the Technion and the Hebrew University won the prestigious ERC Synergy Grant
Grandma spends time with the grandchildren. Image: depositphotos.com

Things Yoram knows: the grandmother's riddle

Following on from Judith's question about the longevity of women compared to men, Nir asks what is the evolutionary logic in living long after the period of fertility has ended?
Figure 3. Pabo's discoveries provided important information regarding the population of the world at the time Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa and spread to the rest of the world. Neanderthals lived in western Eurasia while Denisovans lived in eastern Eurasia. Breeding between the different species occurred when the Homo sapiens spread across the continent, leaving behind treasured remains in DNA. Illustration from the explanation for the 2022 Nobel Prize for Medicine. From the Nobel Prize website

Nobel Prize for Medicine to the Swede Svante Pavo, the discoverer of the Denisovan man and the decipherer of the genome of extinct human species

Santa Febo is a Swedish evolutionary geneticist, one of the founding fathers of the field of paleogenetics, leader of the international project to map the Neanderthal human genome, and co-discoverer of Denisovan man
266D digital models of the three limb bones of TM XNUMX attributed to Sahelanthropus tchadensis (left, femur in posterior and medial view; right, both ulnae in anterior and lateral view). Franck Guy/CNRS/Université de Poitiers/MPFT, Fourni par l'auteur

Humanoid species stood on two legs already 7 million years ago

Contrary to the popular assumption until now, a team of researchers from France and Chad discovered that walking on two feet is not only characteristic of Homo sapiens and may have evolved several times. Contrary to the popular assumption so far, a team of researchers
A group of soldiers. Image: depositphotos.com

Good by nature 4: The big lie of "all-out war"

Why do we think our nature is so bad? Why do we believe that constant warfare is a basic human drive?
Understand each other without words (illustration). Image: depositphotos.com

Good by nature 3: All rights reserved to Teva

In this chapter we will examine whether social morality is a product of religions, or a universal biological trait that preceded cultures and religions? And how humanity can unite in times of emergency
cruelty. Image: depositphotos.com

Things that Yoram knows: Is man cruel by nature?

Yaniv wonders about human nature: "Why did the word humanity take on the meaning of human love, tolerance, patience, etc., are wars, death, cruelty and oppression of the weak less humane?" Yaniv wonders about human nature: "Why does the word
Flint vessels found in excavations at the Evron quarry. Photo: Zana Stepka

Rare evidence of the use of fire more than 800 years ago was uncovered at an archaeological site in the Galilee

The findings obtained through an innovative method based on artificial intelligence are some of the earliest evidence of the use of fire in Israel and in the world
Avraham holds his son Yitzchak, who was born a year after the visit of the "angels". Illustration: depositphotos.com

Things that Yoram knows: when did our ancestors discover the facts of life?

The matriarchal society of the ancient man thrived precisely because of the ignorance of the connection between sex and pregnancy and childbirth, this has changed in the last 8,000 years
Close-up of a tooth of a Denisovan girl. Credit: Fabrice Demeter (University of Copenhagen/CNRS Paris)

An Ancient Tooth of a Girl Discovered in a Cave Cracks the Mystery of Denisovan Man, a Brother Race of Modern Man

Denisovan man, a sister race of modern man, lived in Laos 164,000 to 131,000 years ago with important implications for populations outside of Africa and Australia
chin. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Things Yorami know: What is the function of the chin?

David shares the question and the idea: Homo sapiens is the only species that has a chin and science has no explanation as to what the evolutionary advantage of such a "facility" is and how it works.
tickling. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Things that people know: why is tickling funny and why can't a person tickle himself?

Dana asks: Why does tickling make us laugh and why can't we tickle ourselves? Evolution gives an answer to this question as well