In 2018, a galaxy with little dark matter was observed. The galaxy defied all existing models but it turns out that the celebration came earlier than expected and two years later it was announced that tidal forces shed the dark matter. Astronomers are breathing a sigh of relief but the scientific community is still confused, what is dark matter?
Science is full of mystery and we don't have all the answers. Physicists are still discussing the most basic question - what makes up the universe? You probably won't be surprised that we have a partial answer to this question. We know what we are made of and what things around us on earth are made of, but if we look at the sky it seems that the puzzle is extremely incomplete. The speed at which galaxies rotate around their center does not correspond to the amount of matter observed in telescopes. It is not a matter that is not radioactive, not dust, and certainly not the elusive baryons. This is a much larger amount than all of these. Since we predict its gravitational influence there is reason to assume that our list of particles is lacking. We gave the diffuse matter a name - "dark matter" and so far countless observations have confirmed its existence. The word "dark" comes to describe the vast lack of knowledge but also the fact that the unique phenomenon is observed only as an anomaly in the gravitational field.
By the time we got used to the existence of dark matter, in 2018 a team of NASA researchers observed a distant galaxy and discovered to their surprise that the amount of dark matter did not match any known model. When such knowledge is discovered, the scientific community is reawakened. Have we observed a galaxy that could shed light on the nature of dark matter? The story even intensified about a year later with the discovery of another galaxy with similar properties. Now it turns out that the celebration was in vain. New data from the Hubble telescope managed to explain the discrepancy with the model with the help of tidal forces that these galaxies "sense" from neighboring galaxies. The research published in the prestigious The Astrophysical Journal was led by researcher Miria Montes together with an international group that used deep learning technology to locate the phenomenon distant from us about 45 million light years. Tidal forces are synonymous with the gravitational attraction of neighboring galaxies that cause the galaxy in question to tear apart, and along the way shed the dark matter.
Measuring the effect of the tide requires a long time
Until now, the filtering of dark matter by tidal forces has been hidden from the eyes of scientists because observing this phenomenon requires an observation with a very long exposure time to detect weak and dim signals. "We used the data provided by the Hubble telescope in two ways," Montes explains. "Through the analysis of the emitted light and through the distribution of the stars in the cluster we observed". Thanks to the high resolution of the Hubble telescope, astronomers could observe the globular cluster in the galaxy in maximum quality. Besides the Hubble, the researchers used the Large Telescope in the Canary Islands (GTC) to complete the observation.
"It is not enough to observe the object for a long time, it is also necessary to handle the data delicately in order to reveal new phenomena" added Raul Sainz, co-author of the article from the Canary Islands in Spain. "That's why it was very important that we use several telescopes to conduct the complex research. With the help of Hubble's high resolution we were able to observe the globular cluster with great precision and with the help of GTC we were able to decipher many physical properties."
Globular clusters themselves are defined as a mystery in astronomy. The popular opinion is that these clusters were built at a time when star formation was at its peak. The compact size and brightness of the clusters make them easy objects to observe. The distribution of the stars in the cluster was used by the authors of the paper in characterizing the physical properties of the galaxy which helped them point to the fact that this galaxy is being torn apart by tidal forces.
"The results show that only after the dark matter is filtered out of the galaxy, the stars begin to feel a gravitational disturbance from their fixed orbit" explains one of the authors. "In time, the galaxy will be 'eaten' by a larger star array near it, with some of the stars floating in space, cut off from any galaxy in the universe."
It can be said that the published discovery gave researchers a sigh of relief, but on the other hand we are again far from understanding dark matter. To the article
More of the topic in Hayadan:
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to Ariel
In these dark Corona days, every interesting occupation is equal, and responding to interesting articles on the science website is an interesting and even fun occupation.
Years ago I took the initiative and arranged a meeting with Professor Mordechai Milgrom at the Weizmann Institute. And I showed him my opinion on this matter. The meeting was very enjoyable and very challenging and interesting, but at the very beginning he warned me, with a smile, not to expect colleagues in the academy to easily accept the cancellation I make of the gravitation formula at the great distances of the universe. And he spoke from his experience in the MOND theory.
Already in May of 2007 I published two articles here, on the science website: "On spiral galaxies, gravity and dark mass" so I have been dealing with dark matter for over a decade, but for your information, academia has been in conflict with dark matter for over 80 years since the days of Fritz Zwicky who raised the "idea the dark".
Dear Ariel, there is no scientific reason that a formula that is proven for a range of 50 astronomical units (less than a thousand light years), will also be true for a range of millions or billions of light years!!!
Perhaps the world is not built to accept the possibility that gravity may be almost non-existent at great distances.
Later I was disappointed by the baseless slanders you threw at me and I will not stoop to your level. I warn you that I may not respond to your next comments if you continue on this miserable path.
What I will bring is one prediction that my approach predicts and that is the approach of the expansion of the universe and even the accelerated one and this is done of course without dark matter and without dark energy. Details on my website.
Already after three in the morning, then
Please respond gently!
Good night
Yehuda
Isn't it a shame for the energy you spend Yehuda?
How many years have you been writing against dark matter? six/seven? More? Shouldn't you study math and physics properly and write peer-reviewed articles against dark matter? Present your models and defend them in a forum where there is no anonymity?
Your articles are full of baseless assumptions, dubious math and without any ways to prove/disprove your theory as you always say that current theories are inadequate and therefore cannot be treated as scientific theories.
I have yet to see a single *measurable* predication from your theories. I still don't see where your theory falls.
Back in 1983, Prof. Mordechai Milgrom from the Weizmann Institute stood against the scientific community and tried to explain why there is no dark matter in the universe. He proposed a new dynamics which is actually a modification of Newton's laws and Einstein's theory of relativity known as MOND. The Torah did predict accurate measurements, but over the years the technology has improved and the observations have become more and more accurate. For example, by means of weak gravitation, it was found that the gravitational force of the galaxies is stronger than all the bright matter can explain. Also, it was found that the rotation of the stars residing in the outer arms of spiral galaxies is faster than Newton's or Einstein's laws and Milgrom's modification are able to specify, let's say even if we put the parameters we observed into a MOND equation or something similar, a vanishing element will still be created that is in the nature of "new matter" Define as a default "dark matter" - an invisible substance that does not emit electromagnetic radiation at all.
gentlemen One important factor was not taken into account. information. Information has power and has mass. She is actually the most powerful and present force in the universe. just what When little is said and dealt with this factor.
if requested. I will expand
The commenter "free man" is right, far-reaching inventions often come to cover a complete lack of understanding.
And I will add that, in many cases, the physical solution turns out to be very simple and elegant, unlike cumbersome and vague theories that accompany a lack of knowledge. The difficulty, in other words, usually lies in the way of understanding the laws of the universe, and not in the laws themselves.
The English philosopher David Hume once said that you only have evidence of what you see, for example if all over Europe there are white swans it does not mean that all over the world there are only white swans and no other colored swans. What you can point out is that there are white swans in Europe. point. And indeed, when the white man arrived in Australia he discovered black swans.
And for our purposes, if the gravitation formula was found to be correct in the solar system, it does not mean that it will be correct in the entire universe. It only means that it is proven in the solar system.
At distances of a few tens of astronomical units at most, about a thousand light years. There is no reason in the world for it to be true even at distances of millions, (galaxies), or even trillions (spaces of the universe).
The need for dark matter and dark energy arises solely from the Newton's gravitation formula in the great distances of the universe of millions and billions of light years.
And commenter Ed is right, seeing the talk about dark matter in a strange way when we don't even know if it exists.
It is true that the movement of galaxies and the accelerated expansion of the universe still remain to be explained.
It's late and those who want the explanation should search my site "simple universe" on Google.
Articles 75, 30, 33. Or here in the knowledge to look for two of my articles on "spiral galaxies"
So please respond gently
And not to forget that the Knesset of our dear country
Dispersed today and in its place... dark
Good night
Sabdarmish Yehuda
The English philosopher David Hume once said that you only have evidence of what you see, for example if all over Europe there are white swans it does not mean that all over the world there are only white swans and no other colored swans. What you can point out is that there are white swans in Europe. point. And indeed, when the white man arrived in Australia he discovered black swans.
And for our purposes, if the gravitation formula was found to be correct in the solar system, it does not mean that it will be correct in the entire universe. It only means that it is proven in the solar system.
At distances of a few tens of astronomical units at most, about a thousand light years. There is no reason in the world for it to be true even at distances of millions, (galaxies), or even trillions (spaces of the universe).
The need for dark matter and dark energy arises solely from the Newton's gravitation formula in the great distances of the universe of millions and billions of light years.
And commenter Ed is right, seeing the talk about dark matter in a strange way when we don't even know if it exists.
And the commenter Haim who doesn't understand why there are no dark stars is also right,
It is true that the movement of galaxies and the accelerated expansion of the universe still remain to be explained.
It's late and those who want the explanation should search my site "simple universe" on Google.
Articles 75, 30, 33. Or here in the knowledge to look for two of my articles on "spiral galaxies"
So please respond gently
And not to forget that the Knesset of our dear country
Dispersed today and in its place... dark
Good night
Sabdarmish Yehuda
Until 400 years ago, it was believed that the earth was in the center of the universe and the sun and the planets revolved around it and the stars revolved above it.
As they made better observations, they discovered that the planets make very strange orbits.
Instead of throwing out the wrong theory, they came up with wires and cables of explanations to allow for the strange motion of the planets.
Today's dark matter is exactly the same.
Instead of saying that neither Newton nor Einstein built a theory that explains the behavior of stars and galaxies, they invent dark matter in an amount that dwarfs the matter itself, and then dark energy.
And then it still doesn't fit the measurements and they invent more and more.
It is more correct to say, we do not understand what the laws are of such magnitudes.
We have some approximations that usually work, but we don't have the explanation for what is happening.
It is strange to talk about "viewing" a dark "matter", when in fact we do not know anything about what claims to be viewed or is supposedly an object to be viewed and it is not even known if there is "something" there at all and that this something is precisely "matter". It is also strange to release a "sigh of relief" when it turns out that you can continue to distort common sense and certainly scientific research logic, and assume the existence of something that requires proof as if it really exists, and then go back and "prove" its existence once again while releasing a "sigh of relief" (perhaps on the research budgets or on the rescue of another "scientific" dogmatic legend among a fanatical church community of believers in a scientific Iztala).
Every sane person, and people from the scientific research community in general, should show a significant degree of rationality, honesty and modesty, and admit that the talk about the so-called "dark matter" is at this stage nothing more than speculation, and rather wild speculation. It is not even a sufficiently informed hypothesis to constitute a scientific hypothesis, let alone not sufficiently informed to constitute a scientific theory. Apparently, the believers of speculation can be dismissed with a shake of the head and a shrug of the shoulders out of equanimity, but the problem is that scientific research is harmed by the existence of these speculations, because they block fruitful research directions and avenues of thought. The current case can be used as one typical example of this: instead of trying to really understand what happened in the two galaxies discussed in the article, and trying to use this successful case/hour of fitness to stand in depth on the phenomenon compared to phenomena in other galaxies and conclude from this an informed physical truth - the scientific energy is invested in finding an excuse for the matter The existence of neighboring galaxies for the reason that the "dark matter" speculation does not work (also a speculative excuse, and alternatively common and trite in the cosmos to the point of not being able to be an explanation for the unique observed phenomenon); And all this to once again confirm the dogmatic speculation of the new scientific church regarding the "dark matter", a mystery that no one actually knows anything about.... . Too bad.
I don't understand how there are no dark matter stars.
After all, according to science, most of the matter in the universe is dark matter and it exerts gravitation - so why are there no stars made of it?
The more correct name should have been "the transparent material". In a rather strange way, the opposite also happens: many times something very clear is referred to as "transparent".
Dark matter is found in black holes. Their quota is huge and most of them have not yet been mapped.
Dark matter is a silly scientific theory just like the medieval scientists who thought that those who sail across the Mediterranean Sea fall into the abyss, until Columbus came along and changed the concept.
There is no dark matter, because according to Tully Fisher's law there is no dark matter and on the other hand there is a relationship between the visible mass and the speed in the fourth power. We are being misled by these scholars….
Dark matter is nothingness
Nothingness is a "negative" space and matter strives to fill it
This is the source of gravitation