Traces of the radioactive plutonium were found in a deep-sea mineral in the Pacific Ocean, which is a millions-year-old archive of material from the Earth but also of cosmic dust that settles on it
For the first time, traces of the naturally radioactive heavy element plutonium-244 were discovered on Earth. Traces of the radioactive plutonium were found in a deep sea mineral in the Pacific Ocean, which is a millions-year-old archive of material from the Earth but also of cosmic dust that settles on it. The research, in which Prof. Michael Powell from the Hebrew University participated, was carried out in an international collaboration led by Prof. Anton Wallner at the Australian National University (Canberra) and at the Accelerator-Based Science Center at the ANSTO laboratory near Sydney (Australia). The research is published today (Thursday) in the prestigious journal Science.
In the study, a simultaneous analysis of tiny traces of two radioactive isotopes was made. One of them is iron-60, which is able to form in heavy stars and is dispersed into interstellar space when the star explodes as a supernova. A scientific article was written about its detection in the mineral several years ago in the journal nature. For him, and in accordance with a number of previous measurements, two clear peaks were discovered indicating two possible supernovae that exploded and whose remains reached the Earth 2 million to 7 million years ago. The new finding in the current study is the discovery in the same mineral and in the same time periods of a relatively tiny concentration of plutonium-244 (about 10,000 less than that of iron-60). The creation of plutonium in nature can only occur by a single and rapid process, which involves the rapid capture of neutrons (fast process or r-process) during a violent event of star explosion such as the merger of neutron stars and supernovae.
The source - neutron star merger
Science was not clear for sure until 2017 where exactly the rapid process takes place. But then it hit the science headlines when it was first observed "Live" after the merger of the neutron stars, which was reflected in the appearance of gravitational wave GW170817, about four years ago. In fact, neutron star mergers are currently the preferred site for the formation of the rapid process in models of the creation of the elements. The positive discovery in the new study of traces of plutonium simultaneously with iron-60, the creation of which is linked to supernovae, now adds an additional sting because it shows the possibility of weak creation of elements in the fast process also in supernovae - but the low concentration of plutonium-244 in the mineral confirmed to the researchers that the vast majority of elements from the fast process in nature cannot result from supernovae alone, but from neutron star mergers. It is even possible that the faint plutonium-244 signal collected in the mineral is due to merging neutron stars from much older times.
"Interesting in this context is the presence in the solar system and the earth of plutonium-244 neighboring heavy elements in the periodic table, such as uranium and thorium, which have much longer lifetimes (billions of years). These elements are also formed only in the fast process of neutron capture. The relatively high presence of these necessitates a conclusion that close in time (within a span of hundreds of millions of years) to the formation of our solar system and close to the place where a rare event of a pair of neutron stars occurred", Prof. Paul concluded this week.
for the scientific article
More of the topic in Hayadan:
5 תגובות
Exact science still does not have a theory to explain how there is something in physical reality
Parashat Bereshit of the exact sciences
The Genesis chapter of the exact sciences explicitly states:
To present a true description of physical reality, it is necessary to use the ideas of divine creation, and the natural knowledge of man.
A true description of physical reality will begin like this.
Genesis 5 God created "continuous quantitative things"
The hallmark of a continuous quantitative thing (dkr) is simple.
Whatever quantity we choose from the list, we will always find that in reality there is a larger quantity, and a smaller quantity.
Any quantity that is chosen from the table, it is between a zero quantity and an infinite quantity.
With the natural knowledge of man we will arrive at these five dachars.
Energy, time, length, area and volume.
Energy and time create the science of physics
Area length and volume, form the science of geometry.
Geometry and physics are the exact sciences, because they deal with quantities between zero and infinite quantities.
The science of physics appeared after the empty infinite space was filled by two continuous quantitative things, namely energy and passive time.
Passive time is absolute rest and absolute cold, and it fills the infinite space.
Passive time is at complete rest, and is the medium in which waves of passive time move. These waves transmit sunlight.
Passive time is a new and revolutionary physical concept, and it exists right in physical reality. On the other hand, the time we all know does not exist in physical reality, and it disappears as soon as you think about it. This elusive time was invented by man for their benefit, and the proper name for it is ...active time.
Poetic cosmology - from the wonders of passive time
The passive time envelops us, and we move through it.
I asked him and I didn't answer,,,,wait a little while he said
who are you i asked
I am the passive time, I belong to nature, I lead the light and color
Where are you the hard,…
I fill the terrible space, and it is now full of a river.
The energy is also with me, its power is beyond words, and together we create the material.
I know the stuff, I said, I touched it and it's right here.
You will not be able to touch me, but inside me you are free to move.
Are you really time? After all, the time I know always flies away.
I'm always here, I'm not a guest
I am the real time, and the energy is always with me.
Parashat Beresheit of the exact sciences geometry and physics
The chapter on the beginning of the exact sciences continues as follows:
After the infinite space was filled with passive energy and time, the stars were formed. The matter of the stars is formed by combining amounts of passive time and energy.
The matter of the stars is continuous, and has no gravity.
Combinations of amounts of passive time and energy created the familiar elements
Like, gold, carbon, iron and more. Any such conjunction is a physical form, and therefore
Matter is not a quantitative concept. A geometric shape is also not a quantitative concept, because it is formed by combining quantities of a closed length containing a quantity of area.
The concepts of geometric shape and physical shape always go together.
Geometry and physics are the two exact sciences, and the tangible and clear geometry provides clues about the mysterious physics.. Geometry always links us to the concept of form, and physics always links us to the concept of movement.
And so the chapter of Genesis of the exact sciences continues.
And God will instill eternal movement in every star, and Noah's star does not exist in reality.
The name of the collection of ever-moving stars is a universe.
The shape of the orbit of the stars of the universe is helical (neither straight nor round)
It is the Borgian orbit of the stars of the universe that allows their integration into a single division that is always moving.
A screw track has two data - diameter, and advance angle.
To complete the creation of the universe, it was necessary for the universe to obey a divine law.
And God established the law of conservation of the amount of energy in the universe, and this law ensured the eternal existence of the universe.
Everything said here about the universe is not accepted by the scientific establishment.
Today's scientists believe in the existence of a completely different universe, which is Newton's universe. Newton's universe is in infinite empty space, and this universe is dominated by crude and simple mechanical gravity.
The idea of gravity was given to the world by Newton 330 years ago.
Newton believed that there was a mysterious and wonderful force emanating from the depths of the earth, and that its whole function was to knock down objects that fell from our hands.
Such a mysterious force brings the reader into the world of fairy tales, and the imagination gives this force the image of a friendly, invisible demon.
Newton gave this demon the nice name "gravitational force".
Amazingly, Newton carried many believers in the idea of gravity after him, and thus began a strange investigation of physical reality, which contains a mysterious demon.
Why did Newton invent the delusional idea of gravity.
Newton did not know that objects that were handed out of our hands fall by themselves, and thus they fulfill a wonderful physical law of nature, which is the law of conservation of energy. This law of conservation was accepted in science only 170 years ago, and Newton obviously did not know about its existence.
And since Newton did not know that objects fall by themselves, and did not know about the existence of the law of conservation of energy, he invented the idea of gravity.
This crazy idea lasted for 160 years in all official physics curricula, thus creating a murky scientific swamp, which prevented any possibility of knowing the true structure of the universe.
Newton's murky scientific quagmire was canceled out by the physical reality that revealed to the world the existence of a miraculous quantitative law,
And it is the conservation of the amount of energy.
How is the law of conservation of energy,
Eliminates the concept of gravity.
To lift a large stone off the ground to a height of 1 meter, you have to exert yourself and get tired, and this amount of fatigue represents an amount of energy.
If we release this stone from a height of 1 meter, it will fall down by itself with increasing speed, and its impact will hit the ground. Show exactly the same amount of energy that was needed to lift the stone to a height of 1 meter.
No gravity is needed to drop the stone down, the stone falls by itself
down with increasing speed, and thus the law of conservation of energy is fulfilled.
This is how the wonderful physical reality works, and it is the one that taught scientists about the existence of an important physical law of nature - the law of conservation of energy.
There are many types of energy, and they can alternate with each other, according to this law of conservation.
Physical reality operates by itself, according to miraculous laws inherent in it, and researchers of physical reality have begun to discover these laws.
The law of conservation of energy that was discovered 170 years ago completely cancels out Newton's physics that requires gravity - and it proves that objects that are separated from our hands - fall by themselves, and there is no mysterious demon in physical reality that knocks them down..
And what turns out? For 170 years, Newton's physics has been taught in universities, and not a single teacher stood up and shouted "there is no gravity, and Newton's physics is incorrect"
It should be emphasized that Newton did not know that his physics was incorrect, but already 170 years ago, the physics teachers knew about the existence of the law of conservation of energy that eliminates the idea of gravity, but they did not find the courage to tell this to their students
These 170 unfortunate years produced terrible errors in the concept of matter and the structure of the universe, and the concepts of dark particle matter and dark energy testify to this.
The time has come to move to a different physics, based on miraculous laws inherent in physical reality. This is the real physics, and it appears in a revolutionary book - which bears the name... "Esbar's magical journey on the wings of natural knowledge"
This book conflicts with all the physical teachings developed in the last 150 years, and it presents to the world a new physics, and also a new geometry of circles.
A. Asbar
The impression is that the author of the article has a lot of knowledge, but when submitting an article to a newspaper it is advisable to write and interpret more. I tried to understand and there are many concepts that I didn't quite understand. Overall interesting.
If it was discovered on Earth recently. How are you sure that it is not man-made plutonium nuclear waste? After all, there were many nuclear tests at sea, nuclear reactor leaks...
It is quite sad to see that the Hebrew University also publishes publications in dirty Hebrew. Don't they have someone proofreading the press releases? I am sure that the language department will be happy to provide them with a student for a minimum wage.
Among the fundamental concepts of physics, the concept of energy is the most understood, while the concepts of time and matter remained mysterious and incomprehensible. The law of conservation of energy is also an understandable quantitative law.
Energy and time are quantitative concepts, and it is not at all certain that matter is also indeed a quantitative concept.
If it turns out that matter is not a quantitative concept, the concepts of mass and gravity will disappear from science, and so will the particle view of matter.
Indeed, matter is not a quantitative concept, and is in the nature of a physical form created by combining amounts of passive time and energy.
Gold is a physical form, and carbon is another physical form.
A. Asbar