the cell

Kidney cells expressing the isomo protein and in addition a fluorescent protein in the cell nucleus (in purple), adjacent to an egg expressing a fluorescent protein in the cell membrane (green) and staining the genetic material in blue.  

Connection exercise - how is an embryo created?

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Technion researchers in collaboration with the University of Tokyo reveal a new role for the IZUMO1 protein in the fusion process between sperm and egg
At the beginning of the process, the circular peptides bind to the ubiquitin chain; As a result, the DNA repair mechanism is damaged; And eventually the cancer cells undergo a process of cell death (apoptosis)

Researchers at the Technion discovered unique peptides with anti-cancer potential

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The research was led by researchers from two faculties at the Technion and their colleague from the University of Tokyo
Using artificial intelligence to unravel the mysteries of biology. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The artificial intelligence that deciphered biology

Researchers have developed an algorithm known as ART - Automated Recommendation Tool. Art received an enormous amount of information about the set of proteins in the cell, and as a result he could predict how changes in those proteins would affect the substances
Illustration image: selective capture of bacteria, their transport and electroporation (red fluorescent marker) using a Janus particle used as a mobile electrode under the application of an electric field. Prof. Gilad Yosiphon, Technion

Researchers at the Technion have developed a technology for introducing molecules into individual cells in an efficient and targeted manner

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The enzyme aminoacyl synthetase (in green) recognizes a tRNA molecule (brown) and attaches an amino acid to it. Correct identification of the molecule is made according to the areas shown here in red. The Technion researchers discovered that the enzyme also knows how to recognize another type of RNA molecule (mRNA). Moreover, the correct recognition of the mRNA depends on regions that are very similar to the recognition regions of tRNA (marked here in red). Credit: Prof. Yoav Araba, Technion

Researchers have discovered a sophisticated self-regulating mechanism that optimizes the process of building proteins in the body

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The dynamin coil in electron microscope images. Before the addition of GTP molecules that provide energy to the system, dynamin has the shape of a regular coil (a). After the GTP molecules are added, the angle of attachment of a protein changes, and the protein tilts and breaks into coiled-coil-shaped parts (b). Photo: Technion spokespeople

A group of researchers from the Technion deciphered the action of dynamin - a key protein in the process of absorbing food in the cell

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Assaf Rubinstein and Prof. Adi Kimchi. dual purpose. Photo: Weizmann Institute

Israel Prize in Life Sciences to Prof. Adi Kimchi from the Weizmann Institute, discoverer of the mechanism of programmed cell death

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The cellular "garbage collection" method. Illustration: Weizmann Institute

A new technology for mapping the breakdown products of proteins may lead to the development of new methods for diagnosing autoimmune diseases, cancer and degenerative brain diseases

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Illustration of the dual roles of caspase-3 - cell death and cell division - on the cover of Molecular Cell, courtesy of the journal

Researchers have uncovered the complex role of the caspase-3 protein in cancer * a way to a new therapeutic approach

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Illustration. Credit: Darryl Leja, NHGRI.

The cell's rule book

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Senescent cells (top) and normal cells (bottom) from the inner lining of a mouse lung, stained with colors that highlight the markers of aging (left) or the characteristics of the lining (right). Filmed with ImageStreamX technology. Source: Weizmann Institute magazine.

Inventory count of senescent cells

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The discovery will make it possible to treat a series of diseases that arise as a result of the accumulation of proteins in cells. Illustration: pixabay.

Researchers have identified a biological mechanism for breaking down protein clumps

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Illustration: pixabay.

When the genetic messenger discovers independence

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waves in the cell membrane. Source: From the study - Fronts and waves of actin polymerization in a bistability-based mechanism of circular dorsal ruffles.

Researchers shed new light on the movement of waves across cell membranes, which may affect cancer research and treatment

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Photomicrograph of senescent cells in a mouse - cells that "retire" and stop dividing, but do not die - are always present and even play some important roles in the body, for example in wound healing. But in aging organs, these cells are not eliminated at the proper rate, and can accumulate and damage Source: Y tambe, Wikimedia.

Get rid of old hair

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Dr. Sheral Fleishman

The new laws

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URSs, as mentioned, inhibit protein translation and may be fatal to the cell and the entire organism. The right part of the diagram shows their "damage mechanism", and the left part of the diagram shows a normal and normal process in the absence of URSs. Above: The genetic information, which encodes the sequence of amino acids, reaches the ribosome with the help of a molecule called mRNA. Amino acids (colored circles) join into a sequence and the new protein is pushed out of the exit channel of the ribosome. On the left side we see a normal sequence that creates normal proteins, while on the right side the row of amino acids contains the strong URS CMYW (in E. coli bacteria), which inhibits the protein on its way out and thus prevents the translation of additional proteins. In the middle: on the left side the proteins are organized in normal clusters, while on the right side - under the influence of the URS - less normal proteins are translated and damaged proteins are formed that were not translated to the end. Below: E. coli cells grow on plates in the presence (+) or absence (-) of IPTG - a substance that causes protein translation. On the left, i.e. on the normal side where the translated protein (+) does not contain URS, the number of bacterial colonies is the same as the number of bacterial colonies that grew without a translation command (-). On the right, on the disrupted side where the translated protein contains a URS (+), the number of colonies is much smaller than the number of colonies grown without the translation command (-).

Molecular evolution eliminates lethal sequences

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Prof. Menachem Rubinstein and research student Efrat Devash. Photo: Weizmann Institute

both

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An integrin is a transmembrane protein that is sensitive to signals received both from inside the cell and from its external environment. In its outer part it includes a binding site consisting of a sequence of three defined amino acids. In its internal part it includes a link to a material called Talin. In this way, the protein communicates between the inside of the cell and its external environment. Illustration: from Wikipedia

Integrin clusters are the universal units for cell adhesion

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Illustration depicting the behavior of a drop of water in oil within an electric field. [Courtesy: COPYRIGHT (C) 2015 TOYOHASHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED]

An innovative method of introducing genes into cells

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The structure of the enzyme Diacylglycerol kinase as determined at the particle accelerator at Stanford University. [Courtesy: The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University]

Scientists have revealed the detailed structure of the enzyme diacylglycerol kinase

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In the framework of the 'rotational model', a ligand that binds to the extracellular part of the receptor causes the internal part of the receptor to rotate within the cell membrane, thus essentially regulating the activity inside the cell. In the process, the structural flexibility of the receptors also changes. [Courtesy of Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, OIST]

A new mechanism for receptor activation

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A microscope image showing the two new strains of bacteria that were forced to cooperate together to obtain a multicellular result. [Courtesy: Bennett's Lab]

Development of an integrated circuit from bacteria

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Cutting and repairing a damaged base. Illustration: Nobel Prize website

Thomas Lindahl, one of the winners of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: "Life exists - therefore DNA must be repairable" (part 1)

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The process of repair through nucleotide excision that earned its discoverers the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2015. From the Nobel Prize website

Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discoverers of DNA repair mechanisms

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The structure of a cell from a multicellular animal. Photo: shutterstock

Researchers from Ben-Gurion University have developed a unique thin sectioning method that allows a precise examination of the parts of the cell

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Proteins are looking for mates. Photo: University of Copenhagen

How do proteins interact with each other?

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A diagram depicting the structure of a typical human cell. Illustration: shutterstock

The founder of Microsoft donates 100 million dollars to establish a multidisciplinary institute for cell research

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How do the cells know where to turn?

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Description of the sorting of cells of one type (colored in purple) while enriching the cleanliness from only one percent to 99%. Image: University of Hawaii

An innovative and efficient method for separating cells

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Bromine, one of the 92 common chemical elements in nature, is the 28th element in number among the essential substances for the development of life of every organism on earth. Illustration: shutterstock

It was found that the element bromine is essential for life

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Professor Michael Glickman. Photo: Technion spokespeople

The Technion researchers discovered that the mechanism that removes damaged proteins "goes on hiatus" in times of stress

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Live cells through the microscope. Illustration: shutterstock

Computer simulation of a living cell / Marcus V. Kobert

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Neurons - XNUMXD illustration: shutterstock

Development at Ben-Gurion University: the possibility of extending cell life and thus slowing down the development of ALS disease

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Prof. Rebecca Dickstein. Photo: Weizmann Institute

The scientists of the Weizmann Institute of Science discovered: in the processes of life in the cell, traffic jams, traffic jams and traffic accidents occur

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Prof. David and Lech. Photo: Weizmann Institute

A warning call

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immune system cells. Source: Wikimedia Commons

The Technion researchers: the accepted theory of early warning in the immune system must be reexamined

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Rat brains. Photo: B.G. Negev and Ben Gurion University

B.G. Negev will present at the Biomed conference peptides that help stop cell death

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Dendritic cell, from Wikipedia

Personalized medicine will enable the development of vaccines against cancerous tumors

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Dr. Jerome Bonnet, Stanford University

Biological transistors allow living cells to act as a computer

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A two-dimensional system resembling a living cell on a glass chip

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The signaling pathways that the JNK enzyme is responsible for.

A new target for drug development for Parkinson's disease

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The experimental system: two nostrils from which exit ultrasonic beams of excited helium atoms (in blue) and of argon atoms or hydrogen molecules (in red). The blue beam passes through a magnetic device (in yellow) which causes it to bend, and merges with the red beam - then the argon atoms or hydrogen molecules undergo ionization, and enter the detector. The picture above shows a cross-section of the magnetic device

expression and control

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Mouse cells that glow during division. Photo: The Hebrew University

A new development at the Hebrew University will contribute to the discovery of drugs and treatments for degenerative diseases and cancer

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From the Nobel Prize presentation

How does the cell sense its environment?

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Prof. Robert Lebkovitch, winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

An injection of adrenaline for science: two researchers in the field of intercellular communication won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

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The interaction between the proteasome and NQO1 is based on mutual inhibition: the proteasome breaks down unstructured NQO1 enzymes (which are not bound to FAD), while the enzyme, when bound to FAD, prevents the proteasome from breaking down other proteins - including itself

Save the lifeguard

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In the figure: the control factors are divided hierarchically into three levels of activity. The factors of the highest level (above) affect the state of the genetic material, thus determining the basic identity of the cell. The factors of the second level (in the center) determine the expression levels of the genes and thus shape the properties of the cell. The factors of the third level (below) are more dynamic in nature, and activate genes in response to changing environmental conditions.

Weizmann Institute scientists have developed a method for deciphering the control code of the genome and through it have revealed new principles in regulating the expression of genes

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Prof. Michael Feinzylver. Photo: Weizmann Institute

The end of Yod

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The Kubert Lab at Stanford University incorporated over 1,900 experimentally measured parameters into their model of the tiny bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium. Illustration: Erik Jacobsen / Covert Lab

For the first time: a comprehensive and dynamic computer model of a living cell

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