Tamar

Ancient Palmyra, Syria. The competition between it and Neharda led to the destruction of the Jewish city. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Nehardea Chapter 4 and Final: The Destruction of Nehardea Between Persia and Palmyra: Who Really Destroyed the Babylonian Center of Torah?

The article re-examines the identity of Papa bar Netzer, rejects the identification with Odintus of Palmyra, and suggests that the destruction of Nehardea in the third century CE was the result of a Palmyra invasion motivated by economic and competitive motives.
Zenovia takes one last look at the city of Tadmor. Painting by Herbert Schmaltz. From Wikimedia

Zenobia rebels against the Empire

Zenobia was the queen of Tamar during the Roman rule in the region. After the king's death, she decided to rebel against the empire and conquered considerable territories, from the Nile to the Euphrates. Although her kingdom lasted not many years, she was recognized