Physics

The history of temperature measurement. The illustration was prepared using DALEE and is not a scientific illustration

What is temperature?

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In the upcoming series of posts, I will deal with selected chapters from the fascinating history of thermodynamics. In the first post we opened with the basic question: What is temperature?
A block of metal emits oxygen. Illustration by Avi Blizovsky, using DALEE The illustration should not be seen as a scientific image.

The dark oxygen puzzle

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Natural lumps of metal emit oxygen in the dark depths of the ocean, in the absence of photosynthesis, until now it was believed that there was no oxygen production in them at all
Geoffrey Hinton and John Hopfield, two of the main researchers in the field of artificial intelligence, won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2024. The image was prepared using DALEE and is not a scientific image

Artificial intelligence plays a major role in two categories of the 2024 Nobel Prizes. This is a sign of things to come

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It is likely that we will see more Nobel medals awarded to researchers who used AI tools. As this happens, we may find that the scientific methods honored by those Nobel Prize committees will move away from the simple categories of "physics," "chemistry," and "physiology."
2024 Nobel Prize in Physics winners John Joseph Hadfield of Princeton University and Geoffrey Hinton of the University of Toronto. Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach

Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 for researchers on the development of artificial neural networks (extension)

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John Hadfield and Geoffrey Hinton won the prize for their pioneering research in machine learning using neural networks inspired by the structure of the brain
neural networks. Image: depositphotos.com

The developers of the deep learning technologies using neural networks won the Nobel Prize

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The two, John Hopfield from Princeton University and Prof. Geoffrey Hinton from the University of Toronto changed the way machine learning is done for artificial intelligence and promoted the technology becoming as powerful as we know it today
Synthetic Leather. Illustration: shutterstock

Podcast: Rowers for science, episode 9: Electricity flows in the palms of your hands

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Who will win the Nobel Prize in Physics this year? All predictions

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The Nobel Prizes are announced at the beginning of October every year, and about a month before that rumors, predictions and speculations are spread about the identity of the candidates and the chances of winning. In recent years, using innovative data analysis tools, forecasting experts
The cover of the book "The Milky Way - Autobiography of our galaxy.

 Berea Chapter from: "The Milky Way Autobiography of Our Galaxy" by Dr. Moya McTeer, Mater Publishing

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Chapter from: "The Milky Way Autobiography of Our Galaxy" by Dr. Moya Maktir, Mater Publishing. Translation: Adi Marcuse Hess, Editing: Helit Yanai
The early universe immediately after the big bang, with a chaotic background of energy and particles. Small, dense black holes, some the size of an atom, are scattered throughout the image. These black holes are described with a "color charge" aura, symbolizing the unique property of quarks and gluons. Around the black holes is a cosmic landscape of quark-gluon plasma, with hints of the beginnings of proton and neutron formation. The image was prepared using DALEE and is not a scientific image

Exotic black holes may be a byproduct of dark matter

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Fifty years ago, physicist Stephen Hawking proposed that dark matter might be a population of black holes, which may have formed shortly after the Big Bang. They also existed for a short time but had an impact on
This groundbreaking idea proposed by Prof. Liu's team allows a single astronomical telescope in the Earth's magnetosphere to function as a gravitational wave signal detector. Credit: HKUST

Astrophysicists harness planetary power to explore the universe's greatest mysteries

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Observing the universe using gravitational waves poses significant technological challenges, especially in the investigation of the frequency range above one kilohertz, the astronomers are technologically assisted in the magnetosphere of planets to detect the gravitational waves
The late Capt. Denis Krokhmalov-Wexler. From the private archive

Students at the Technion will design the NOVA-SAT satellite in memory of the late Capt. Denis Krokhmalov-Wexler in collaboration with the TAA

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The late Krukhamlov-Wexler, was supposed to start his studies this year at the Faculty of Aeronautics and Space Engineering and who was killed in battle in the Gaza Strip
Photo: Tel Aviv University spokesperson

Scientific discovery: researchers have seen phenomena from quantum mechanics in the movement of pendulums

The new system makes it possible to observe the phenomena that occur inside special "topological" materials by photographing the movement of pendulums using a normal camera
Gamma ray burst (Image Credit: NASA/Swift/Mary Pat Hrybyk-Keith and John Jones via NASA)

Elements essential to life were created following a massive explosion in space

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Tamar Stein. Credit - Uri Stein

The Hebrew University is a leader in entry-level ERC grants. Ten researchers will receive 17 million euros for five years 

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The number of wins by male and female Hebrew researchers places the university in first place among universities in Israel in terms of success rate among applications, with an increase of 5.5% compared to last year and it has the highest number of winners
Crystal pump to generate quantum light for medical imaging devices. Photo courtesy of Shalom Schwartz

CAT scan for Schrödinger's cat

Quantum effects in X-rays make it possible to improve the resolution of the scan and protect the health of subjects and doctors
"Scale of Polarizations"

electronic skips

Researchers have built surfaces from layers of atoms that slide over each other, thus causing the electrons inside to skip. In the future, they hope that it will be possible to develop advanced information technologies based on them
Robot scientist. Illustration using artificial intelligence software. Definitions: Avi Blizovsky

AI scientist managed to reproduce Nobel-winning discoveries without intention

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AI-Descartes, a new AI scientist, successfully reproduced a Nobel Prize-winning work using logical reasoning and symbolic regression to find exact equations. The system is effective against real-world data and small data sets, with the future goal
The distribution of dark matter in a segment of the southern sky. Based on data from the ACT observatory in Chile that operated between 2007-2022. Courtesy of Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania

A new map of dark matter verifies Einstein's theory of general relativity

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A groundbreaking new map of dark matter has been created using data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), in an international collaboration of astronomers and physicists. The map shows the distribution of dark matter in the southern sky region, and it is
Gravitational waves are created by a pair of stars turning into black holes. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Gravitational waves light up the universe

Gravitational wave analysis hints at the way black hole pairs are formed
organic molecules. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Identification of organic compounds using visible light

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Researchers from the University of Santiago in Chile, working in the field of machine learning, have succeeded in developing an innovative method for identifying organic compounds based on the refractive index at a single optical wavelength
Hurricanes are approaching the USA. Photo: depositphotos.com

The conservation laws common to hurricanes and the movement of proteins

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Prof. Yosef Klefter, former president of Tel Aviv University and recipient of the 2020 Israel Prize for Chemistry and Physics Research. Photo courtesy of Tel Aviv University

Prof. Yosef Klefter - winner of the Israel Prize in the field of chemistry and physics research

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Multiple dimensions - is it possible to build an observational experiment?

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The paradox of quantum mechanics in the macroscopic world

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In the photo (from right to left) Dr. Lina Lavie, Technion President Prof. Peretz Lavie, Diller Foundation President Jackie Sapir and CEO of the Friends of the Technion Association in the USA Jeff Richard. Credit: ATS.

The Helen Diller Family Foundation will donate $50 million to the Quantum Center at the Technion

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On the infamous piston and other problems

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The limits of power or reflections on the driving force of fire

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The optical system in the laboratory - a collaboration between the Technion and CREOL. Source: Technion spokesmen.

Semiconductor lasers: the next generation

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Illustration of the energy dissipation process in graphene: an energetic electron (in red) is released from a local trap created by an atomic defect in the graphene structure, loses energy as a result (in blue) and slightly vibrates the structure (in orange). Source: Weizmann Institute magazine.

The flaws that heat up

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A prototype of the detector that detects coherent scattering of neutrino particles (Courtesy: Jean Lachat/University of Chicago).

The detector that revealed the neutrino particle

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Prototype construction of the detector of the DUNE project. Source: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

The neutrino puzzle

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In the study, the scientists examined collisions that occur between the molecules. Collisions of atoms have been studied in the past, but atoms - according to classical physics - are spherical, while molecules have an elongated structure. The structure of a colliding body affects the way it will move after the collision. Will elongated molecules behave differently from spherical atoms? And is knowing their shape enough to predict the outcome of the collision? Illustration: pixabay.com.

Cold, getting cold

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A replica of the standard international kilogram. Source: National Institute of Standards and Technology.

How much does a kilogram weigh?

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Microwaves are electromagnetic waves used for communication, for locating objects such as airplanes, for astronomy and physics research, and of course for rapid heating of food. Photo: alexunderwood910.

The wave of the microwave

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Cold beam experiments. The shock waves block the flow of particles in the beam. Source: Weizmann Institute magazine.

Cold, frozen, warming: how to reduce shock waves in particle beam experiments

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Particle detector (the photo in the article is the CMS particle detector at CERN. Source: Julian Knutzen.

A particle detector will be built at Ben-Gurion University

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A simulation of the Milky Way galaxy. The blue halo around it comes to illustrate the estimated distribution of the dark matter around the galaxy. Source: ESO/L. Calçada.

Probing in the dark for dark matter

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In the study, the scientists examined collisions that occur between the molecules. Collisions of atoms have been studied in the past, but atoms - according to classical physics - are spherical, while molecules have an elongated structure. The structure of a colliding body affects the way it will move after the collision. Will elongated molecules behave differently from spherical atoms? And is knowing their shape enough to predict the outcome of the collision? Illustration: pixabay.com.

Changes temperature, changes shape

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The particle accelerator in the axle. Source: Techtime.

CERN is looking for Israeli technologies for a new particle accelerator

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Measurement of heat transfer in a clean sample of graphene. Left: optical image of the graphene sample. Right: The thermal imaging reveals a chain of rings that is the boundary of a unique process of heat transfer occurring in the sample.

warm, diffuse

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Image of light emitted from a single ionized strontium atom immersed in a cold cloud of rubidium atoms. The ion is trapped by electric fields that oscillate at radio frequencies. The atoms are trapped by a focused laser beam. Both the atoms and the ion are cooled to a temperature of a millionth of a Kelvin above absolute zero temperature.

One against a hundred thousand

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A thought trip

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Prof. Yosef Amri from the Weizmann Institute. From Wikipedia

Wolf Prize in Physics to Prof. Yosef Emery from the Weizmann Institute for the development of the field of physics of mesoscopic systems and random systems

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Prof. Moti Segev in the laboratory. Photo: Nitzan Zohar, Technion Spokesperson

"We managed to break the mental fixation"

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Prof. Stephen Hawking in a plane that allows training in zero gravity conditions. Photo: NASA

The (elusive) theory of everything / Stephen Hawking and Leonard Malodino

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From the right: Dr. Yigal Gat and Prof. Moti Hayblom

Tools combined in engineering, medicine and as a metaphor for integration between fields of knowledge

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Capacitor diagram based on parallel plates

Where did the energy go?

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The smoking gun: the chain of events following the arrival of the tau neutrino

Historical scientific discovery: the first neutrino particle of the "tau" type was probably observed

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The cover of Mi'zio Kaku's book The Physics of the Impossible. Aryeh Nir Publishing House 2010

The introductory chapter to Professor Michio Kaku's book - The Physics of the Impossible

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The Technion uploaded courses in mathematics and physics to the Internet

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