Nahardea

Ancient Palmyra, Syria. The competition between it and Neharda led to the destruction of the Jewish city. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Nehardea Chapter 4 and Final: The Destruction of Nehardea Between Persia and Palmyra: Who Really Destroyed the Babylonian Center of Torah?

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The article re-examines the identity of Papa bar Netzer, rejects the identification with Odintus of Palmyra, and suggests that the destruction of Nehardea in the third century CE was the result of a Palmyra invasion motivated by economic and competitive motives.
Mesopotamian ziggurat in Iran. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Neharda, Chapter 3: Shmuel – Neharda’s Stargazer

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How did Nehardea become the city and mother of the Jews of Babylon, and what is the relationship between Samuel the Amora, Babylonian astronomy, an ancient ziggurat, and mysterious comets?
Soldiers painted on the walls of Babylon, in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Neharda Chapter Two: Jewish Military Activity in Babylon – The Hanilai and Hasinai Revolt: Rebels or Greedy and Prosperous?

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Based on "Jewish Antiquities" as a single source, the rebellion of the Nehardea brothers is examined in the context of the weakness of the Parthian kingdom, the possible financing mechanisms (including suspicion of taking over the half-shekel money), and its implications for the Nehardea community.
The role of the royal astronomer in ancient Babylon was to monitor the phases of the moon. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Nehardea – A Jewish City and Mother in Babylon Chapter 1

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