Human evolution

Comparative display of human and chimpanzee skeletons; Photo: SkeletonsRCool, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0

What has changed in our cartilage since the split from chimpanzees?

A study by the Weizmann Institute and Kyoto University used hybrid human-chimpanzee cells to identify a change in the control of genes related to the skeleton. The researchers are examining how it may explain some of the vulnerability of joints
Neanderthal baby skeleton from Pillar Cave reveals rapid growth rate in infancy

Neanderthal baby skeleton from Pillar Cave reveals rapid growth rate in infancy

The study of "Page 7," the most complete known skeleton of a Neanderthal infant aged 6–14 months, found a gap between dental age and body and brain development, suggesting that Neanderthals followed a different developmental trajectory.
Proposal to rewrite the human family tree: expand the genus Homo to 5 million years ago

Proposal to rewrite the human family tree: expand the genus Homo to 5 million years ago

A new article in the American Journal of Biological Anthropology argues that the conventional division into three genera – Homo, Australopithecus, and Paranthropus – no longer accurately reflects the evolutionary relationships emerging from fossils and phylogenetic analyses.
Gene duplications prolonged the development of brain connections – and may have contributed to human intelligence

Gene duplications prolonged the development of brain connections – and may have contributed to human intelligence

A study in Neuron found that human-specific copies of SRGAP2 slow and coordinate the maturation of microglia and synapses. The extended developmental window may allow for the formation of more complex neural networks, but the study did not examine
Handaxes from the Sakhnin Valley suggest that early humans also chose stones for their appearance

Handaxes from the Sakhnin Valley suggest that early humans also chose stones for their appearance

Hundreds of illusory stone tools have been discovered on the surface in the Lower Galilee. At least ten of them were carved so that fossils, crystals, and natural cavities remained visible and prominent—a choice that researchers interpret as possible evidence of aesthetic sensitivity.
New method detects DNA from two unknown ancient human lineages in the human genome

New method detects DNA from two unknown ancient human lineages in the human genome

TRACE reconstructs genealogical relationships from genomes of humans living today. The researchers identified a "ghost lineage" in all populations tested, and remnants of an even older lineage that passed to humans through the Denisovans.
Neanderthal man next to Homo sapiens. Illustration: shutterstock

The last Neanderthals in northwestern Europe were more connected than we thought

Genetic data from 27 Neanderthals who lived in northwestern Europe less than 52,500 years ago show that the groups in the region were relatively related. The researchers found no evidence of extensive mating between relatives, late genetic mixing
An ape in the wild laughs.

15-million-year-old laughter: Humans and apes share a common rhythm

Researchers compared the timing of laughter bursts in four living species of great apes and in children. Laughter following tickling was particularly rhythmic in all groups, but in humans it was rapid, variable
Proteins from teeth dating back 400 thousand years reveal a link between Homo erectus and Denisovans

Proteins from teeth dating back 400 thousand years reveal a link between Homo erectus and Denisovans

Researchers have successfully extracted proteins from the enamel of six Homo erectus teeth discovered in China. A variant shared by Homo erectus and Denisovans raises the possibility that genetic heritage from this early human population was also passed on, via Denisovans, to
The evolution of human body size was not a straight path of growth.

The evolution of human body size was not a straight path of growth.

An analysis of 386 fossils from 21 hominin species found a combination of a gradual increase in body weight and a significant jump that occurred within the genus Homo about two million to two and a half million years ago. At the same time,