IBM Research

A historical photograph of Thomas Edison in his chemical laboratory in Menlo Park. The “Invention Factory” he founded in 1876 replaced the image of the lone inventor with a multidisciplinary team that combined research, engineering, manufacturing, and the establishment of commercial companies.

America in Test Tube 4 – From Edison's Invention Factory to the Startup Economy: Who Will Bridge Science and Industry?

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From Thomas Edison's Invention Factory to Bell Labs, American corporations have created science alongside products. Since the 1980s, much of the role has shifted to universities and start-ups—a system that excels in certain areas,
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