Richard Wagner

Viking. Illustration: depositphotos.com

What is really known about the Vikings? Researchers claim: Most of the familiar image is based on myth, not history

According to researchers, most of what we think we know about the Vikings and Norse mythology is based on late Christian texts and modern interpretations – from medieval Iceland to Wagner, the Nazis and pop culture.
Reconstruction of the image of the German mathematician David Hilbert. Illustration via IDOGRAM.AI

From Cultural Antisemitism to Scientific Racism: Wagner, “Aryan Physics,” and the Voice of Hilbert

From Richard Wagner's article (1850) and Wilhelm Marr's coining of the term "anti-Semitism" (1879), through Lennard and Stark's "German physics" and Bieberbach and Jansch's psychological engineering—to Hilbert's counter-reaction: "Mathematics has no races"