water ice

In a paper published in the journal Icarus, Alex Nguyen, a graduate student at Washington University in St. Louis, used mathematical models and images from the New Horizons spacecraft to take a closer look at the ocean that he says likely covers Pluto beneath a thick layer of nitrogen, methane and water ice. (Image: NASA)

Surprise: an ocean of liquid water on Pluto

They estimate that Pluto's ocean is, at most, about 8% denser than seawater on Earth, or about the same as the Great Salt Lake in Utah (but much less salty than the Dead Sea.
This illustration shows charged particles from Jupiter hitting the face of Europa, separating icy water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen molecules. The scientists believe that some of these newly formed oxygen gases can move into the moon's subsurface ocean, as the circled figure shows. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SWRI/PU

Will the moon Europa return? The Juno spacecraft discovered oxygen on Jupiter's moon

NASA's Juno spacecraft directly measured charged molecules of oxygen and hydrogen from the atmosphere of Europa, one of Jupiter's largest moons. According to new research by scientists at SwRI and Princeton, these observations provided